• Journal of Radiopharmaceuticals and Molecular Probes
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.62-73
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• 2015

We developed an evans blue-indocyanine green-$^{99m}Tc$-human serum albumin conjugate for sentinel lymph node mapping and we describe its unique potential usage for clinical implications. This conjugate has combined the strengths of visible blue dye, near-infrared fluorescence and radioisotope into one single conjugate without any additional weakness/disadvantage. All the components of evans blue-indocyanine green-$^{99m}Tc$-human serum albumin are safe and of low cost, and they have already been clinically used. This conjugate was stable in the serum, it showed a long retention time in the lymphatic system and the lymph nodes showed a much higher signal-to-noise ratio after the conjugate was injected intradermally into the paw of mice. Both the single-photon emission computed tomography and near-infrared fluorescent images of the mice were successfully obtained at the same time as the excised sentinel lymph nodes showed blue color. The visual color, near-infrared fluorescence and gamma ray from this agent could be complementary for each other in all the steps of sentinel lymph node sampling: exploring and planning sentinel lymph node before excision with visualization of the exact sentinel lymph node location during an operation. Therefore, the triple modal agent will possibly be very ideal for sentinel lymph node mapping because of the high signal-to-noise ratio for non-invasive imaging and its complementary multimodal nature, easy preparation and safety. It is promising for clinical applications and it may have great advantages over the traditional single modal methods.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.8C
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• pp.569-574
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• 2008

Noise predictive maximum likelihood(NPML) detector embeds noise prediction! whitening process in the branch metric calculation of Viterbi detector and improves the reliability. In this paper, some high-density optical storage channels are examined, and appropriate NPML systems are designed for each channel.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.598-603
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• 1990

This study evaluates the performance of an optical receiver for binary phase shift keying (BPSK) signals in the presence of short noise originating from the photo diode and phase noise of the optical source. The case of using I.O. hybrid compare with the fiber optic hybrid to mix received optical signal and laser local oscillator signal. The impact of these noise is minimized if loop natural frequency and power split ratio between data and carrier recovery branch are choosen optimally. Then it is obtained that required laser linewidt to achieve a BER of 10**-9. The results are the same except theat in case of using the fiber optic hybrid the required optical power is twice as much as the I.O. hybrid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.178-183
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• 2003

This paper deals with transmission loss characteristics of the panel type silencer to control low frequency noise. The panel type silencer is composed of many Helmholtz resonators by side branch. Each resonator has high transmission loss on the narrow band of its resonance frequency. Direct arrangement of the resonators increases mainly the magnitude of transmission loss. If we arrange the resonators in a row, the peak and band of transmission loss are increased. This makes the resonator array to have high transmission loss in the broader band. Using this idea, we design a silencer that has broader band characteristics and smaller volume.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.903-910
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• 2016

We propose a novel multi-stack (MS) technique for a compact and wideband electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structure in high-speed multilayer printed circuit boards. The proposed MS technique efficiently converts planar EBG arrays into a vertical structure, thus substantially miniaturizing the EBG area and reducing the distance between the noise source and the victim. A dispersion method is presented to examine the effects of the MS technique on the stopband characteristics. Enhanced features of the proposed MS-EBG structure were experimentally verified using test vehicles. It was experimentally demonstrated that the proposed MS-EBG structure efficiently suppresses the power/ground noise over a wideband frequency range with a shorter port-to-port spacing than the unit-cell length, thus overcoming a limitation of previous EBG structures.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.213-216
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• 2004

This paper describes design and implementation of the 5.5 GHz VCO with parallel-branch inductors using 0.8${\mu}m$ SiGe HBT process technology. The proposed parallel-branch inductor shows $12 \%$ improvement in quality factor in comparison with the conventional inductor. A phase noise of -93 dBc/Hz is measured at 100 kHz offset frequency, and the harmonics in the VCO are suppressed less than -23 dBc. The single-sided output power of the VCO is -6.5$\pm$1.5 dBm. The manufactured VCO consumes 15.0 mA with 2.5 V supply voltage. Its chip areas are 1.8mm ${\times}$ 1.2mm.

• Journal of international Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2013

The functional characteristic of LISN circuit, which is used for measurements of conductive noise in mains power line, is basically related to frequency characteristics of passive elements like inductors used in the circuit as well as the frequency response of inductors is highly related to the resins used in the varnishing process. The significant problem in determination of an inductor's frequency characteristic is the intrinsic resistance, inductance and parasitic capacitance. In this triplet, the parasitic capacitance is the major limiting factor of inductor's frequency range. This capacitance depends on inductor design parameters and materials filling the spaces of coil like resin and its coherency after curing process. In this paper, two similar inductors were designed and built. The first inductor was not varnished while the second one was varnished with VPI technology. VPI, or Vacuum, Pressure, Impregnation technology is one of the most reliable methods performing good insulating conditions for electrical circuits and windings based on resins. The measured results show that implying varnishing technology does not significantly affect the frequency response. However, due to mechanical solidity aspects and improved environmental protection, it is better to varnish the inductors.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.1391-1402
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• 2021

The aim of this work is to prepare a neutron noise calculator based on the second order of average current nodal expansion method (ACNEM). Generally, nodal methods have the ability to fulfill the neutronic analysis with adequate precision using coarse meshes as large as a fuel assembly size. But, for the zeroth order of ACNEM, the accuracy of neutronic simulations may not be sufficient when coarse meshes are employed in the reactor core modeling. In this work, the capability of second order ACNEM is extended for solving the neutron diffusion equation in the frequency domain using coarse meshes. For this purpose, two problems are modeled and checked including a slab reactor and 2D BIBLIS PWR. For validating of results, a semi-analytical solution is utilized for 1D test case, and for 2D problem, the results of both forward and adjoint neutron noise calculations are exploited. Numerical results indicate that by increasing the order of method, the errors of frequency dependent coarse mesh solutions are considerably decreased in comparison to the reference. Accordingly, the accuracy of second order ACNEM can be acceptable for the neutron noise calculations by using coarse meshes in the nuclear reactor core.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.24 no.6B
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• pp.1108-1112
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose an efficient ABR multicast algorithm for ATM networks. In ABR multicast algorithim, the feedback consolidation is necessary to avoid excessive backward resource management (BRM) cells and to aggregate the information from BRM cells received from each branch. The proposed scheme is shown to achieve fast transient response to the congestion status on a branch as well as effectively eliminate the consolidation noise through system simulation.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.504-512
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• 1998

For analyzing the torsional vibration of a multiple stepped gear system containing a pair of triple gears, a transfer matrix model based on Hibner's branch method is developed and the natural properties of the branched rotor system are calculated with using the $\lambda$-matrix formulation. A Campbell diagram, in which the excitation sources caused by the mass unbalances of the rotors and the transmitted errors of thegearings are considered, shows that, at the neighborhood of the operating speed, there are the four critical speeds amplifying the first mode and the fifth mode. For the surpression of the gear box vibration, two ways are suggested by referring the mode shapes.