• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.64 no.4
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• pp.318-323
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• 2008

It is difficult to distinguish a lung cancer from a pulmonary tuberculoma or other benign nodule. It is even more difficult to identify the type of lesion if the mass shows no change in size or demonstrates slow growth. Only a pathological confirmation can possibly reveal the nature of the lesion. A 61-year-old-woman was referred for a solitary pulmonary nodule. The nodule showed no change in size for the first two years and continued to grow slowly. Pathological and immunological analyses were conducted for confirmation of the nodule. The nodule was identified as a well-differentiated primary pulmonary adenocarcinoma. An LULobectomy was performed, and the post surgical stage of the nodule was IIIA (T2N2M0). Even though there are few risk factors, there is still the possibility of a malignancy in cases of non-growing or slow growing solitary pulmonary nodules. Therefore, pathological confirmation is encouraged to obtain a firm diagnosis.

• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.22-22
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to compare the detection rate of brain metastasis according to size of nodule between 1.5T and 3.0T MRI 대상 및 방법： We reviewed 44 patients with primary tumors and clinical symptoms suggesting brain metastasis. After administration of double dose gadolinium-DTPA, MR imaging was performed with 3D SPGR sequence by 3.0T MRI and then with T1 SE sequence by 1.5T MRI. Consequently, comparison was done in 1.5T T1 SE sequence and 3.0T 3D SPGR sequence. With use of the signal intensity (SI) measurements in the metastatic nodules and adjacent tissue, metastatic nodule-to-adjacent tissue SI ratio were calculated. In each patient, the number of metastatic lesions detected in 1.5T and 3.0T, and their size were assessed qualitatively by three blinded readers.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.116-121
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• 2006

Fundamental investigations have been carried out to find the applicability of manganese nodule as an adsorbent of nickel ion with an intention that nickel can be secured in manganese nodule along with the treatment of wastewater. The average content of manganese in nodules which used in the experiments was about 27%. The content of nickel in manganese nodules was observed to increase up to 4 times higher with comparison to its original value after adsorption. When the initial concentration of nickel ion in artificial wastewater was lower than 500 mg/L, its adsorbed amount on manganese nodule was shown to increase continuously. However, no more than about 82 mg/L of nickel was attained at higher initial nickel ion concentration than 500 mg/L. The adsorption of nickel ion was increased with temperature under experimental conditions and as the size of manganese nodule particles became smaller more nickel ion was adsorbed on adsorbent. Regarding the effect of pH, the adsorption of nickel ion was more hindered as the solution became acidic. Adsorption behavior of nickel ion on manganese nodule was found to follow the Freundlich model well and kinetic analysis showed that the adsorption reaction of nickel ion was second order. Thermodynamic parameters for the nickel ion adsorption were estimated on the basis of thermodynamic equations and they were in good agreement with experimental results.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1983.05a
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• pp.6.2-6
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• 1983

The clinical study of 108 laryngeal mass was observed in our E.N.T. department, and classified clinically and pathologically as below. 1) Among total case of 108 Vocal nodule is 28 (26 %) Vocal polyp is 46 (42.5 %) Laryngeal papilloma is 6 (5.5 %) Laryngeal tuberculosis is 4 (4%) Laryngeal cancer is 24 (22%) 2) The sex ratio of male to female is 5 : 7 in vocal nodule 11 : 12 in vocal polyp 1 : 1 in laryngeal papilloma 3 : 1 in laryngeal tuberculosis 5 : 1 in laryngeal cancer 3) The age distribution is fourth, fifth decade in vocal nodule is fifth, fourth decade in vocal polyp is first decade in laryngeal papilloma is third and seventh decade in laryngeal tuberculosis is sixth and seventh decade in laryngeal cancer 4) The location of mass is between the anterior 1/3 and middle 1/3 of vocal cord in vocal nodule, polyp and papilloma middle 1/3 and posterior 1/3 in laryngeal tuberculosis and glottic (50%), supraglottic (42%), infraglottic (8%) in laryngeal cancer 5) The side of lesion is bilateral in vocal nodule and papilloma, the ratio of right to left is 2 : 3 in vocal polyp 6) The size is 1-2mm in vocal nodule and papilloma, 3-5mm in vocal polyp more than 10mm in laryngeal tuberculosis and laryngeal cancer 7) The duration of symptom is within 1 years in vocal nodule and vocal polyp and laryngeal papilloma, 1-several years in laryngeal tuberculosis and laryngeal cancer 8) The most frequent symptom was hoarseness 9) All laryngeal cancer was sguamous cell carcinoma

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.148-154
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• 1982

The experience with operative treatment for peripheral situated solitary circumscribed lesions of the lung at the Department of Thorac. & Cardiovasc. Surg., Korea University Hospital during 8 years from March 1974, through April, 1982 was reviewed. Our criteria for Solitary pulmonary nodule were 1. Round or Ovoid shape 2. Surrounded by normal lung Parenchyme 3. Well circumscribed peripheral location 4. No other visible pulmonary diseases on chest X-ray except minimal atelectasis or pneumonitis 5. Largest diameter less than 8 cm Of the 55 patients reviewed, there were 69% of malignancy and 31% of benign pulmonary diseases. In malignancy 38 patients, there were 18 patients with squamous cell carcinoma, 8 patients with undifferentiated large cell carcinoma, 2 patients with undifferentiated small cell carcinoma, 10 patients with adenocarcinoma and patient with metastatic carcinoma. In benign pulmonary nodule 17 patients, here were 5 patients with tuberculoma, 5 patients with aspergilloma, 2 patients with A-V fistula, 1 patient with pulmonary blastoma, 1 patient with paragonimiasis, and 1 patient with lung abscess. Overall male to female occurrence ratio was 39:16, and most prevalent age incidence was 7th decades. Most frequent size distribution was 4-6 cm in diameter. All of benign diseases were cured by resection and 66% of malignancy performed operation and has 75% resectability.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.1021-1027
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• 2000

In this study, fatigue tests were performed to examine the effects of micro drill hole on fatigue limit of as cast and austempered ductile cast iron (ADI) using the rotary bending fatigue tester. As results, micro drill holes ($diameter{\leq}0.4mm$) did not influence the fatigue limit of ADI, compared to annealed ductile cast iron; the critical defect size of crack initiation, in ADI was larger than as cast. If the ${\sqrt{area}}$ of micro drill hole and graphite nodule in ADI are comparable, crack initiates at the graphite nodule. When the ruggedness developes through austempering treatment process, microstructure on crack initiation at micro drill hole is tougher than that of as cast ductile cast iron.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.177-182
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• 1993

The root nodules of Elaeagnus umbellata were coralloid-shape due to repeated dichotomous branching of nodule meristem. The filamentous endophyte with vesicle cluster ranging from 30 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 60 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter was present only in the cortical cells. The isolated endophytes in vitro culture showed typical Frankia morphology, consisting of highly branched hyphae ranging from 0.8 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 1.0 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in diameter, terminal and intrahyphal sporangia varing in shape and size up to 60 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in length and laminated vesicles. Its infectivity and effectivity were confirmed by induction of nitrogen-fixing root nodules on the inoculated seedlings of two Elaeagnus species. Consequently, the isolate was confirmed as a true symbiont of Elaeagnus umbellata root nodule and named Frankia EuIK1.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.286-287
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• 2001

A 44 year-old male patient was undergoing diagnosis and therapy for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML, M2). On physical examination a thyroid mass was palpated in the left lower lobe. He had palpitation and intolerance to heat. Thyroid function tests revealed hyperthyroidism; T3: 150ng/dl (N:60-90), fT4: 2.26 ng/dl (N:0.70-1.80), TSH: 0.01 ulU/ml (N:0.25-5.00). Ultrasonography demonstrated a hypoechoic mass with scattered calcifications measuring 2.55 2.03 3.64 cm in size. F-18 FDG camera-based PET scan performed as a follow-up study of AML revealed a focal increased uptake in the left neck, where an autonomous nodule was detected on Tc-99m thyroid scan. After the diagnosis of toxic autonomous nodule, Goetz disease, he underwent surgical nodulectomy. Microscopically, the nodule contained follicular proliferation with degenerative change but without evidence of thyroid carcinoma. Focal uptake in autonomous thyroid nodules is due to increased glycolysis within the nodules.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.139-143
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• 2019

Here we report a case of a focal atypical proliferative nodule (PN) arising from a congenital melanocytic nevus (CMN). Diagnosis was challenging because it had both benign and malignant clinical features. Unusual histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and intraoperative findings of this atypical PN are discussed. A 5-year-old girl was admitted for a congenital $5{\times}5cm$ sized scalp mass. This hemangioma-like soft mass showed biphasic characteristics such as a slow, gradual, and benign increase in size but worrisome dural invasion with cranial bone defect. We removed the scalp mass with clear resection margins. Interoperatively, we found that the cranial bone defect had already filled. Histopathologic examination showed CMN with focal atypical PN. The nodule showed sharp demarcation and cellular pleomorphism. However, in immunohistochemical study, Ki-67 proliferation index and expression levels of protein S-100 and Melan-A were very low. These were unusual findings of atypical PNs. Despite her worrisome preoperative radiologic features, she showed an indolent clinical course compatible with previously reported biologic behavior. The patient underwent follow-up inspection with magnetic resonance imaging every 6 months for up to 3 years. The nodule appeared to be stationary at the last visit.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.494-499
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• 2021

Background: A recent increase in the incidental detection of ground glass nodules (GGNs) has created a need for improved diagnostic accuracy in screening for malignancies. However, surgical diagnosis remains challenging, especially via video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Herein, we present the efficacy of a novel electrical navigation system for perioperative percutaneous transthoracic nodule localization. Methods: Eighteen patients with GGNs who underwent electromagnetic navigated percutaneous transthoracic needle localization (ETTNL), followed by 1-stage diagnostic wedge resections via VATS between January and December 2020, were included in the analysis. Data on patient characteristics, nodules, procedures, and pathological diagnoses were collected and retrospectively reviewed. Results: Of the 18 nodules, 17 were successfully localized. Nine nodules were pure GGNs, and the remaining 9 were part-solid GGNs. The median nodule size was 9.0 mm (range, 4.0-20.0 mm); and the median depth from the visceral pleura was 5.2 mm (range, 0.0-14.4 mm). The median procedure time was 10 minutes (range, 7-20 minutes). The final pathologic results showed benign lesions in 3 cases and malignant lesions in 15 cases. Conclusion: Perioperative ETTNL appears to be an effective method for the localization of GGNs, providing guidance for a 1-stage VATS procedure.