• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.459-462
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• 1991

The five patients with leiomyoma of esophagus were treated from 1976, to 1990. The patients were 4 men and 1 woman whose ages ranged from 28 to 53 years. One of them was asymptomatic, two had mainly dysphagia and the others complained indigestion and epigastric discomfort. There was no relationship between the severity of symptoms and the size of tumor. The preoperative diagnosis was made by esophagoscopy and esophagogram, and all of them were treated by thoracotomy and enucleation. There was no postoperative complication and the results were excellent.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.249-252
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• 1989

Fibricola cratera is a strigeoid trematode indigenous to North America that, heretofore, was known only to infect wild mammals. Herein, it is reported that an experimental inoculation of a human volunteer produced a patellt infection that lasted 40 months. Symptoms of epigastric discomfort, loose stools and flatulence occurred over the first year of infection and ameliorated thereafter. Eggs per gram of stool were low (${\leq}2$) throughout the course of infection and were not detected by the standard technique of formalin-ether concentration. To monitor infection, the entire stool sample was examined each month after sieving through No. 10 (pore size 2 mm) and 100 (pore size $145{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$) sieves and collecting eggs on a No. 325 (pore size $45{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$) sieve. This is the first report of a North American strigeoid trematode capable of maturing in a human and is only the second species of strigeoid known to do so. The other species is F. seoulensis which has been implicated in 26 human infections in Korea.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were twofold; (1) to determine an optimal handle size of a signal billy, based on the subjective assessment of grip comfort and (2) to investigate the relationship between hand anthropometry and the optimal handle size. Thirty-seven university male students were asked to rate seven cylindrical handles of different diameters in barehanded and gloved conditions, respectively. Among these handles, 3.5cm diameter of the handle size was found to be the most comfortable, in both bardhanded and gloved conditionsl. However, no statistically significant reduction in grip comfort occurred within handle diameter ranging from 2.5cm to 4.0cm. As the handle diameter was deivated from the range, grip discomfort in creased significantly. A Spearman rank correlation coefficient test revealed that hand anthropometries such as finger lengths, hand circumference, and hand thickness were statistically significant factors on the determination of the optimal handle size. The implications of these findings were discussed. The results of this study can be used as guidelines in designing the hand tools for power grip.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2011

Safety and health related information for the proper use and handling of pesticides is usually printed on the surface of the pesticide products (bottle type or bag type) in the form of texts. But, the guidelines or standards for the appropriate presentation of the texts for the pesticide products are most vague or not practical. Thus, this study aimed to provide the preliminary guidelines for the text sizes based on the legibility experiments. Total twenty subjects from two age groups (young: n=10, old: n=10, five males and five females in each group) participated in the experiment. First, subjects read the text cards presented in the distance of 50cm from the eyes of the subjects. Eight different text card sets were prepared for different font type(thick gothic-type and fine gothic-type), thickness of font(plain and bold), and number of syllables (2 and 3 syllables). When subjects read the cards, the correctness of reading (correct or wrong) was recorded and the degree of discomfort (from 1: no discomfort at all to 4: can't read at all) was also evaluated for all the text sizes. Results showed that the character size should be 4 pt or larger for the young subjects to read at least one word correctly in all the text conditions. For the old subjects to read at least one word correctly, the character size should be five pt or larder. The average of the minimum character sizes for 100% correct answer is 6.1 pt for young subjects and 10.5 pt for old subjects, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.292-296
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• 2023

Generally, if the size of a lip cancer defect exceeds 30% of the lower lip, a local flap or free flap is recommended. However, defects up to 50% of the lower lip in size have been reconstructed successfully by primary closure without a local flap or free flap. In one case, an 80-year-old male farmer who had smoked for more than 50 years presented with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip and underwent mass resection and supraomohyoid neck dissection. The defect accounted for almost 2/3 of the lower lip and was repaired by primary closure with V-shaped resection. Biopsy results confirmed pT2N0cM0 stage II disease with clear margins. In another case, a 68-year-old male also presented with squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip and underwent mass resection. The defect accounted for about half the size of the lower lip but was repaired by primary closure with V-shaped resection. Both patients experienced no discomfort while eating or speaking and were satisfied with the cosmetic and functional outcomes with no evidence of recurrence. Thus, direct closure can be considered even in large lower lip cancers.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2010

Texts and icons are used to deliver the safety and health information on pesticide labels. This study surveyed the standards or guidelines regarding the presentation formats of texts and icons used in pesticides. Also, the text and icon formats being used in the 50 pesticide products in Korea were investigated in the aspects of size, font (texts only), color. From the guideline survey, it was found that while the guidelines for the text fonts and colors in pesticides were suggested, there was no detailed guidelines about the text size. For the icon presentation, it was regulated that the icon size for the pesticides should be larger than $7mm{\times}7mm$, and this size was equivalent to the size when the reading distance of 28 ㎝ was applied to other two guidelines. From the sample survey of the 50 pesticides, it was found that the small text size being used in the 50 pesticides was 1mm (3pt), and this size was considered to be very difficult to be read, particularly by old people. The minimum size of the texts for the toxicity of the pesticide, the very important safety information, was found to be 1.5 mm, which is considered to be very uncomfortable to be read. The size of icons were varied from 2 to 12 mm, and the total average size was 4.6 mm. The 149 icons from a total 187 icons (80%) were smaller than the icon presentation guideline ($7mm{\times}7mm$), and the reason for the small icon size might be the small area of the label of the pesticides. Thus, more detailed guidelines for the text size and more practical guidelines for the size of icons are required.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3444-3451
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• 2012

농약의 안전보건 정보 표시는 보통 농약병의 표면에 인쇄되어 있다. 그러나 농약의 적절한 표시를 위한 가이드라인이나 기준은 대부분 애매하거나 실용적이지 못하다. 본 연구의 목적은 시력에 따른 가독성 실험을 통하여 적절한 글자 크기의 가이드라인을 설정하는 것이다. 실험은 20대의 20명을 대상으로 근거리시력(0.6, ${\geq}0.8$), 성별, 글자체(세고딕, 중고딕), 글자의 굵기(plain, bold), 음절수(2음절, 3음절)가 농약 표시 글자의 가독성에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 가독성 평가를 위한 종속변수로는 정답률이 0%가 되는 최대글자크기, 정답률 100%가 되는 최소 글자크기, 주관적 불편도를 사용하였다. 실험 결과 가독성은 근거리 시력에 의해서만 유의한 차이를 나타냈다. 정답률이 0%가 되는 최대 글자크기는 근거리 시력 ${\geq}0.8$에서는 2pt, 0.6에서는 2~3pt로 나타났다. 정답률 100%의 최소가독 글자크기는 근거리 시력 0.6에서는 9pt, ${\geq}0.8$에서는 5.3pt로 나타났다. 근거리 시력 0.6과 ${\geq}0.8$의 시력에 따른 글자 크기별 불편도는 0.6에서는 남,녀 모두 평균 15.5 pt에서 불편도 1(읽는데 전혀 불편함이 없음)에 도달하였으나 ${\geq}0.8$에서는 남자의 경우 평균 8.5 pt, 여자는 평균 10 pt에서 불편도 1에 도달하였다. 농약 표시 글자 크기에 대한 가이드라인은 중요성이 떨어지는 정보의 경우는 9 pt 이상, '농약' 표시나 독성 표시와 같은 안전상 중요한 내용의 경우는 16 pt 이상이 적절한 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.179-193
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• 2012

The development of modern transportation technology has required many people in spaces (such as vehicle seats, airports, and train stations) for long periods. The public seats provided in these places are manufactured in a standard size; however, fatigue sets in if the seats are unsuitable for the person's physical size. For this reason, this study developed an air cushion vest that would enhance the comfort of vehicle seats. Passengers in vehicles, trains, airplanes, and buses were observed and surveyed to understand the demand for seat comfort. Our analysis found that the greatest source of discomfort was involuntary nodding of the head while asleep and discomfort around the waist area. For this reason, the air cushion vest was designed to support the head and the waist. The neck cushion of this vest was designed to strengthen head support to counter forward nodding because existing commercial neck cushions had no support for forward nodding. For the waist cushion, at lumbar and below-lumbar parts were chosen as the key parts to be supported, the cushion was designed to contain air at those parts. To cover the embedded waist cushion, the vest was designed to be long. The closure was constructed with zippers from the neck to waistline, and with invisible snaps from the waistline to the hemline so that the wearer could open them easily while seated. A subjective comfort evaluation was conducted to verify the effectiveness of the developed vest. In the test, the developed cushions received a better evaluation than cushions currently available on the market. The volume of the vest could be adjusted by the inflow and outflow of air. It was proven that the vest was effective in terms of comfort and portability. This shows that the developed vest could enhance passenger comfort while sitting on vehicle seats.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.131-134
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• 2005

Distal clavicle tunnel widening was observed in coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction with semitendinous tendon autografts in a patient with acromioclavicular joint injury. Acromioclavicular joint separation, in a 44 years-old man was treated by coracoclavicular ligament reconstruction. We have performed x-ray evaluation on 2years 10months after surgery. The immediate postoperative tunnel size was measured 4.5mm in diameter. At postoperative 2years 10month the tunnel diameter was from 9.3 to 11.4mm. But the weightbearing clavicle view showed no significant acromioclavicular joint separation. Moreover the patient complained only minor intermittent shoulder discomfort.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.501-510
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• 2024

This study aimed to compare the cooling effect of specific body parts to increase workers' thermal comfort. The parts to be cooled comprised the head and neck; the coolant was a phase change material. The participants were ten men in their 20s of average size according to the 8th Size Korea. The experiment was conducted under the following conditions: 28.0 ± 0.5℃, 60.0 ± 5.0% RH, and 0.2 ± 0.1m/s. The exercise consisted of participants moving for 15 min at a constant speed of 80 BPM; later, a subjective sensation was performed, and the clothing surface temperature was measured. In doing so, heat, wetness, and discomfort after exercise were confirmed to have increased without a coolant. Significant differences over time appeared only when no coolant was used, showing that thermal comfort decreased. Despite the addition of coolant, the clothing surface temperature gradually increased over time, but it decreased with coolant rather than without it. Therefore, additional coolant areas, a lower temperature, and simultaneous cooling convection were required to improve thermal comfort.