• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.53-68
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• 2006

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of diurnal alternation of nutrient solution salinity on growth and fruit quality of tomatoes (Lycoperisicon esculentum cv. 'House momotaro') hydroponically grown in root intercept bag-NFT (RIB-NFT) system. Plant height was the lowest in the high concentration during daytime (6/1 $dS\;m^{-1}$, day/night). Yield was very high in the concentration of 1/1 $dS\;m^{-1}$, it decreased with increasing the concentration of nutrient Yield was higher at low concentration (4/1 $dS\;m^{-1}$) at nighttime compared to the same concentration (4/4 $dS m^{-1}$) at daytime and nighttime, and the reverse (1/4 $dS\;m^{-1}$) was similar to the control (perlite culture). Yield was greatly reduced by higher concentration at daytime than nighttime, and the decrease was alleviated by lower concentration at nighttime. With increasing the concentration of nutrient solution during daytime, sugar content of tomato fruit was increased, but yield was decreased. In the other experiment, tomato plants were hydropoically cultured in NFT system diurnally alternated between Aichi's solution and $Ca(NO_3)_2$ solution. $Ca(NO_3)_2$ solution was supplied for 4 hours from 10:00 to 14:00 at daytime and from 22:00 to 2:00 at nighttime, respectively, and Aichi's solution was supplied for the time except the 4 hours. Ca content of leaves and sugar content of fruit were increased by supplying $Ca(NO_3)_2$ solution at daytime compared to nighttime, but plant growth was greatly suppressed by supplying $Ca(NO_3)_2$ solution with the concentration of 4 $dS\;m^{-1}(4/4^{Ca}\;dS\;m^{-1})$ at nighttime.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.69-75
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• 2014

Effects of alkali swelling of HwBKP (hardwood bleached kraft pulp) at a low concentration below 2 percent (based on the oven-dried weight of pulp) on handsheet properties were investigated. Swelling treatment of HwBKP was performed at various low NaOH concentrations with/without beating. Then, the changes in handsheet properties were evaluated in terms of bulk, optical and strength properties. It was found that bulk was slightly increased when the alkali concentration was increased. When the pulp was only swollen without beating, paper optical and strength properties was slightly decreased or not changed with alkali concentration. When the pulp was alkali-swollen after beating, paper strength and opacity showed almost no changes while brightness was increased. When the pulp was beaten after NaOH swelling, alkali concentration showed almost no effect on brightness and opacity of paper. Paper strength was slightly decreased with alkali concentration, suggesting that alkali pretreatment before refining could adversely affect refining efficiency.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.51-62
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• 2001

Geometric mean of airborne welding fume concentration at technical high schools was 4.80mg/㎥)N.D~35.39 mg/ ㎥ and the percentage of samples exceeded TLV of the Korean ministry of labor was 43.6%, Geometric mean of airborne Mn concentration was 0.06 mg/㎥(N.D~0.42mg/㎥) and the percentage of samples exceeded TLV of ACGIH was 15.4 % In case of airborne Me concentration, there is a significant difference among schools (p<0.05) Mn concentrations in blood of the exposed and control groups were 1.84$\mu\textrm{g}$/dl and 1.91 mg/dl respectively. Mn concentrations in urine of the exposed and control groups were 1.36$\mu\textrm{g}$/ιand 0.57$\mu\textrm{g}$/ι respectively. In case of Mn concentrations in urine there is a significant difference between both groups(P<0.001) and among schools(p<0.05) Mn concentrations in blood and urine of exposed group were not over BEIs of the Korean ministry of labor. Mn levels in blood and urine were not significantly affected by smoking, drinking and residence, There was no correlation between Mn concentration in air and blood but there was a statistically significant correlation between Mn concentration in air urine(r=0.323). There was no a statistically significant correlation between Mn concentration in blood and urine.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.198-203
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• 1992

Theoretical predictions of the atmospheric equilibrium involving $HNO_3, NH_3 and NH_4NO_3$ were compared with atmospheric measurements of particulate nitrate$(NO_3^-)$, $HNO_3$ and $NH_3$ concentration by triple filter pack sampler and Andersen air sampler in Seoul from 8th to 11th Oct 1991. The measured $HNO_3-NH_3$ concentration product K was higher than equilibrium costant Kc calculated from thermodynamic data of $HN_4NO_{3(s)} -HNO_{3(g)} -NH_{3(g)}$. The cause of K is greater than Kc was the result of air pollution, partcicularly anthropogenic $NH_3$.

• Korean Membrane Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.36-42
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• 2006

We have prepared new water-swollen chitosan-$Ag^+$ complex membranes and studied their permeation and separation behavior for propylene and propane gases. The $Ag^+$ containing chitosan complex membranes were prepared from chitosan and $AgNO_3$ aqueous solution. The $AgNO_3$ and water content in the membrane were controlled by adjusting $AgNO_3$ concentration of casting solution. The permeation properties of propylene and propane were investigated as a function of $AgNO_3$ concentration, and various operation conditions. High permeability of above 17 barrer and high selectivity of above 170 could be obtained with the membranes prepared from 3 M $AgNO_3$ aqueous solution. Periodic regeneration test confirmed these membranes could be very useful for the separation of propylene/propane and other olefin/paraffin separation.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.89-96
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Water Extract from Lactobacillus pentosus-fermented ARTEMISIAE ARGI FOLIUM (AFL) on nitric oxide production of mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells impaired by various toxicants such as gallic acid, EtOH, nicotine, acetaminophen, and acetaldehyde. Methods : ARTEMISIAE ARGI FOLIUM was fermented with Lactobacillus pentosus and extracted by water. Nitric oxide production of mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 cells was measured by Griess reagent assay. Examined concentrations of AFL were 10, 50, 100, 200, 400 ug/mL. Results : The results of the experiment are as below. 1. AFL at the concentration of 400 ug/mL significantly recovered nitric oxide production which was reduced by gallic acid (100 uM) in Raw 264.7 cells. 2. AFL at the concentration of 200, 400 ug/mL significantly recovered nitric oxide production which was reduced by EtOH (100 uM) in Raw 264.7 cells. 3. AFL at the concentration of 400 ug/mL significantly recovered nitric oxide production which was reduced by nicotine (1mM) in Raw 264.7 cells. 4. AFL at the concentration of 200, 400 ug/mL significantly recovered nitric oxide production which was reduced by acetaminophen(2 mM) in Raw 264.7 cells. 5. AFL at the concentration of 200, 400 ug/mL significantly recovered nitric oxide production which was reduced by acetaldehyde (200 uM) in Raw 264.7 cells. Conclusions : AFL could be supposed to have the immune-enhancing activity related with nitric oxide production of macrophage impaired by various toxicants.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.191-198
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• 2017

Hyaluronidase inhibitory activity as inflammatory factor of Koreinsis chinensis leaf ethanol extract was showed higher inhibitory activity than water extract. 29.5% inhibitory activity was shown at concentration of $200{\mu}g/mL$ phenolics. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated Raw 264.7 cells were treated with different concentrations ($5-25{\mu}g/mL$) of Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract and the amount of nitric oxide (NO) was determined; LPS-treated cells produced 3 times more NO than non-LPS treated cells. Moreover, the NO production in cells treated with Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract showed inhibitory effect in a concentration-dependent manner. Due to the stimulant-induced NO production is regulated by the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), we determined the iNOS protein level to elucidate the mechanism by which the NO production was inhibited. It was reduced by 40% with a Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract concentration of $25{\mu}g/mL$ and identified iNOS inhibition in dose-dependent manner. The prostaglandin $E_2$ production in cells treated with Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract was reduced by 26.2% at concentration of $25{\mu}g/mL$. The protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells was inhibited by 64% at $25{\mu}g/mL$ of Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract. Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the production of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ and interleukin-6 as pro-inflammatory cytokine in LPS-treated Raw 264.7 cells at $25{\mu}g/mL$ of Koreinsis chinensis leaf extract. Their levels were decreased by 61.7 and 62% respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.548-555
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• 2007

The control of wastewater treatment has two merits; one is to regulate water quality of effluent and the other is to reduce the cost of wastewater treatment. The purpose of this study was to control the ammonium nitrogen in effluent that is known to cause eutrophication. The control was based on simplified ASM No. 1 which had 3 component materials and 8 coefficients, and the control method was as following. Firstly the ammonium concentration of inflow was measured and the optimal aeration time in effluent was determined according to simplified ASM No. 1 to be 1.0 mg/L. If ammonium concentration of effluent was not equal to 1.0 mg/L, the influent ammonium was corrected by adaptive control. These processes above were repeatedly performed. The SBR running aerobic-anoxic phase had been controlled for 1 month with this method. As a result, the ammonium concentration of the effluent showed in the range of $0.22\sim3.1$ mg/L with an average concentration of 1.1 mg/L. The adaptive control method used in this study was found very useful to control and predict the effluent concentration of ammonium.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.66-81
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was carried out to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus water extract (LF) in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse macrophages RAW 264.7 cell. Methods: Ligustri Lucidi Fructus was extracted with distilled water (2,000 ml) for 2 hours. In order to evaluate cytotoxicity of LF, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was performed. To investigate anti-inflammatory effects of LF, the concentration of nitric oxide (NO) was measured with NO assay, cytokine was measured by Bio-Plex cytokine assay, and intracellular calcium (Ca) was measured with Fluo-4 Ca assay in RAW 264.7 cell. And when p-value is below 0.05, it is judged to have the significant difference statistically (P<0.05). Results: 1. LF showed no cytotoxicity. 2. LF inhibited significantly the production of NO at the concentration of 25, 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$. 3. LF inhibited significantly the production of interleukin (IL)-4, macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-$1{\alpha}$, granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) at the concentration of 25, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$. 4. LF inhibited significantly the production of granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) at the concentration of 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$, the interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ at 25, 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. 5. LF inhibited significantly the production of IL-$1{\beta}$ at the concentration of 50 and $200{\mu}g/ml$, the IL-5 at 25 and $100{\mu}g/ml$, the IL-12p70, MIP-$1{\beta}$ at 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$, the regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secrete d (RANTES) at 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. 6. LF inhibited significantly the production of IL-10, interferon gamma-induced protein (IP)-10 at the concentration of $200{\mu}g/ml$. 7. LF inhibited significantly the production of intracellular Ca at the concentration of 25, 50, 100 and $200{\mu}g/ml$. Conclusions: These results suggest that LF has anti-inflammatory effect and immuno-modulating activity.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.233-244
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• 2014

The objective of this study was to explore the characteristics of concentration of indoor air pollutants, such as $PM_{10}$, $CO_2$, and $NO_2$, measured by tele-monitoring system in a Seoul Metropolitan underground railway station from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012. The annual average concentration of indoor air pollutants actually varied over a wide range and was found to exhibit marked variation with time and measurement sites (tunnel inlet, platform, and concourse). After installing platform screen doors, the average $PM_{10}$ concentration on platform and concourse was decreased by 43.8% and 31.2%, respectively during the study periods. The relationship between the concentration of $PM_{10}$ and meteorological parameters (relative humidity and rainfall) or the Asian dust events was regarded as statistically significant. The correlations between the number of boarding/alighting passengers and $PM_{10}$, $CO_2$, and $NO_2$ were calculated. A p-value of less than 0.01 was regarded as significant except $NO_2$. The I/O ratio of $PM_{10}$ concentration was elevated after a congested time (about 08:00 am). The average I/O ratios of $NO_2$ were observed in concourse and platform on 03:00 am with $1.76{\pm}0.91$ and $1.50{\pm}0.51$, respectively. The average daily variation of standard excess rate of $PM_{10}$ and $NO_2$ concentration in concourse and platform was investigated. The highest standard excess rate was observed on 21:00 (09:00 pm).