• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.17-26
• /
• 2004

This study was conducted to get the informations for reducing the variation of chemical contents of leaf tobacco. The contents and variations of some chemical constituents of leaf(Leaf, Grade 2) produced in various growing areas from 1999 to 2003 and the effects of meteorological factors on the chemical constituents of leaf were analysed. The contents of analysed constituents of leaf showed high significant differences among crop years in flue-cured and burley, particularly the variation among crop years were higher in chlorine and nicotine contents while lower in total nitrogen content. There were significant differences among growing areas in nicotine and total sugar contents of flue-cured leaf and chlorine content of burley leaf. The total sugar content were negatively correlated to the nicotine and total nitrogen contents in flue-cured leaf. The average air temperature in June and July were positively correlated to the nicotine content of leaf while negatively to total sugar, and the precipitation in May were negatively correlated to the nicotine while positively to total sugar.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.20-26
• /
• 2003

To investigate the effects of reduction of leaf processing factories on the uniformity of processed leaf quality, the contents and their C.V.(Coefficient of Variation) of chemical constituents of flue-cured leaf tobacco produced from 1997 to 2001 and processed at various factories were analysed. The average leaf chemical contents of 12 grades for 5 years ranged as follows ; nicotine 2.00∼0.85%. total sugar 10.7∼16.9%, total nitrogen 2.36∼2.78%, crude ash 14.6∼15.6% and chlorine 0.50∼0.75%. The variations of chemical contents among crop years was higher in total sugar content while lower in crude ash content. The C.V. of chemical content in same grade leaves was higher in chlorine content while lower in total nitrogen and crude ash contents, and the ratio of C.V. among processing factories/C.V. in total population was higher in total sugar content while lower in crude ash content. When the leaves were processed at one factory, the deviations of chemical contents reduced considerably. Particularly, the decreasing effect of deviation was higher in total sugar content.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.363-368
• /
• 2009

To fulfill the increasing demand for a high quality of flower, we investigated the effects of nitrogen application on plant growth, yield and bioactive compounds of Chrysanthemum indicum L.. C. indicum L. was cultivated in a pot scale, and nitrogen applied with the level of 0 (N0), 50 (N50), 100 (N100), 150 (N150), 200 (N200) and $300\;(N300)\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ to suggest optimum rate of nitrogen fertilization. Phosphate and potassium applied the same amount of $80-80\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ ($P_2O_5-K_2O$) in all treatments. Growth characteristics and yields of C. indicum L. were significantly affected by nitrogen application. Maximum yield achieved in 265 and $295\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ N treatment on the whole plant and the flower parts, respectively. The nitrogen content and uptake of whole plant significantly increased by the increase of nitrogen application. Five major components of essential oil, $\alpha$-pinene, 1,8-cineol, chrysanthenone, germacrene-D, and $\alpha$-curcumene in flowerheads of C. indicum L. occupied approximately 40% of peak area, germacrene-D decreased by the increase of nitrogen application among them. However, cumambrin A contents in the flower parts of C. indicum L. were affected negatively by the increase of nitrogen application, but total yields of cumambrin A in flower part significantly increased. Conclusively, nitrogen fertilization could increase the yield of flowerheads. The optimum application level of nitrogen fertilizer might be on the range of $265-295\;kg\;ha^{-1}$ in a mountainous soil.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.92-98
• /
• 1999

Contents of formed higher alcohols did not change about at 20 ppm of total nitrogen, but the contents were most at 200 ppm of total nitrogen especially in iso-amyl alcohol, and the contents showed decrease above at 400 ppm, greatly. Higher alcohols formation were high content at pH 4.0, but the contents were increase according to the condition of glucose and sucrose much. The formation of higher alcohols showed less in fermented condition of no elimination sample than in eliminated a mineral in each. Contents of higher alcohols were less in eliminated sample of biotine and inositol than in control, but the contents were higher than the others, and the contents showed especially high in eliminated nicotinic acid and thiamine. Higher alcohols formation were most at the content of SO\ulcorner in 20 ppm of them. The formation of higher alcohols showed more in Saccharomyces cerevisiae was form more in higher alcohols than Saccharomyces bayanus of two yeast strains.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.57-65
• /
• 1985

This study was conducted to obtain the information for the difference of chemical characteristics in each tobacco growing districts and year. The results obtained were as follows 1. Difference of chemical characteristics in 6 districts: In case of flue-cured tobacco leaves, the produced leaf tobacco from Cheong Ju and Dae Jeon districts showed middle level in nicotine and total sugar contents, on the other hand, low nicotine and high sugar contents tobacco leaves were produced in An Dong and Jin Ju districts and high nicotine and low sugar contents of tobacco leaves in Su Won and Chun Cheon , respectively. In Burley tobacco leaves, the nicotine and total nitrogen contents of Chun Cheon districts product's were lower than those of Dae Jeon , Jeon Ju and Kwang Ju district's one. 2. Comparison of each tobacco produced year : The nicotine contents of five-cured and Burley tobacco leaves were the highest in 1981 and 1979, respectively. Also, as time goes to recent year, nicotine and total nitrogen contents were decreased and total sugar contents somewhat was increased .

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.9-16
• /
• 2006

To get the informations of burley leaf, the chemical constituents, quality indices, leaf color and the effects of climatic factors on the physicochemical properties of leaf produced from 2000 to 2004 crop years at 6 growing areas were analysed. The average leaf chemical contents for 5 years were as follows ; nicotine 2.87%, total nitrogen 4.55%, and chlorine 0.57%. The nicotine content was low while total nitrogen was slightly high as compared with recommended contents(nicotine ; $3.0{\sim}3.5%$, total nitrogen; $4.0{\sim}4.5%$). The variations of physicochemical properties among crop years were high while those of growing areas were relatively low. The nicotine contents of upper leaves were positively correlated to the sunshine hours in June and negatively correlated to the rainfalls in June and July according to crop years. However the total nitrogen content of upper leaves were positively correlated to the rainfalls in July according to growing areas. The tan-tended colored leaves were produced under the high air temperature, drought and long sunshine weather condition while the buff-tended colored leaves were produced under the contra교 condition according to crop years. It is considered that the increasing of nicotine content of Lugs may be available to decrease the nitrogen number(nitrogen/nicotine ratio) of leaf tobacco.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.157-163
• /
• 1995

The objective of this study is to obtain the basic data for investigating the effects of organic reserves on winter survial or regrowth yield. Dry matter, nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrate content of plants grown under $5^{\circ}C$ or $20^{\circ}C$ of culture temperature during 25 days were investigated. The dry matter content of leaves and roots were significantly reduced under $5^{\circ}C$ compared with $20^{\circ}C$culture condition. Comparing with the dry matter per plant under $20^{\circ}C$, those in leaves and roots under $5^{\circ}C$ decreased to 25% and 10%, respectively, after 25 days of temperature treatment. Total nitrogen content in leaves under $20^{\circ}C$ and $5^{\circ}C$ increased to 68% and 39% compared to the initial lenel(day O), respectively, during 25 days after temperature treatment, Nitrogen content in roots highly increased under 5 C while there was a little change under $20^{\circ}C$ condition. The nitrogen contents in roots under $5^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ were 39.0 and 30.8mgJg DM, respectively, after 25 days of temperature treatment. Total contents of soluble carbohydrate in both leaves and roots under $5^{\circ}C$ were higher than those under $20^{\circ}C$ condition. After 25 days of temperature treatment under$5^{\circ}C$ , their contents in leaves and roots were 1.4 and 2.0 times higher than those of under $20^{\circ}C$ condition. Stach atent in roots under $20^{\circ}C$ was less changed, while thatof under $5^{\circ}C$ greatly increased from 64.8 to 178.7mglg DM duling 25 days. 'Ihese results clearly showed that an accumulation of both nitrogen and non-structural carbohydrate in the plants occured under low temperature condition.e condition.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.269-277
• /
• 2009

In this research, the vegetation growth and rice taste of the liquid fertilizer applied fields (LF) were compared with those of chemical fertilizer applied fields(CF) in order to confirm the possibility of methane fermentation digested sludge as liquid fertilizer using precision agriculture and remote sensing technology. In panicle initiation stage, the vegetation growth at LF was 60%~80% of it at CF and there were significant difference of nitrogen contents between CF and LF. The estimation model of nitrogen contents was established by GNDVI (R=0.607, RMSE=$1.04\;g/m^2$, n=36, p<0.01). In heading stage, vegetation growth at LF went close to it at CF as ratio of 80%~95%. The nitrogen content estimation model was also established (R=0.650, RMSE=$1.73\;g/m^2$, n=35, p<0.01) and there were significant difference of spatial variability between LF and CF. There were not significant difference of rice taste and it's elements, when three samples, which were more than twice of standard deviation, were excepted. The protein contents estimation model using GNDVI of before harvesting (R=0.700, RMSE=0.470%, n=29, p<0.01) were more suitable to predict the protein contents at harvesting comparing with it of heading stage(R=0.610, RMSE=0.521%, n=29, p<0.01).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.379-383
• /
• 2013

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in nitrogen and soluble reactive phosphorus(SRP) contents from hanwoo manure using probiotics to feed and manure additives during 5 weeks. A total of 45 hanwoo(24 months old) with averaging $580{\pm}20$ kg in weight were randomly assigned to 3 dietary treatments with 3 replicates per treatment(5 hanwoo per pen, $5{\times}8m$). The treatment were supplemented, control, T1(10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate(2% probiotics as-fed basis)), and T2(10 kg roughage + 2 kg concentrate(2% probiotics as-fed basis) + 7 kg probiotics on the surface of hanwoo manure (top-dressing)). During the experimental period, there were statistically significant differences(P<0.05) in pH values at 3 and 5 weeks; TN contents at 5 weeks; and SRP contents at 5 weeks in all treatments. Adding probiotics to feed or feed and manure increased manure pH in comparison with controls. As time increased, changes in TN contents decreased in the order: T2 > Control > T1. Especially, the reduction in SRP contents in all treatments at 5 weeks was in following order: T1 > T2 > Control. This result suggests that it is possible to make efficient use of probiotics as feed and manure additives for reducing environmental pollution or to provide fundamental information on livestock managements to producers.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.93-100
• /
• 1990

The activity of symbiotic -fixation and environmental factors of Robinia pseudo-acacia L., bearing root nodules, were quantitatively analyzed during the growing period. Among changes of total nitrogen and phosphorus contents of each organ, leaves showed prominent decreases from the highest quantity of the early growing period to the lowest of the late period. The rhizosphere showed acidic pH and low level of nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter contents during the growing period. -fixation activity of nodules initiated from April and showed the maximum value of 190 $\mu$/g DW/hr in late June and than decreased to 50$\mu$M/g DW/hr during the rainy and dry season. Another peak of the activity attained 246$\mu$M/g DW/hr in the late growing stage of September. The maximum value of nitrogen fixation activity was observed at the conditions of pH7, $25\{\circ}C$ of temperature and 20 Kpa of oxygen partial pressure.