• 한국농공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농공학회 2001년도 학술발표회 발표논문집
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• pp.394-398
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• 2001

The study was carried out to investigate the water balance and losses of nutrients from paddy fields during cropping period. The size of paddy fields was 95 ha and the fields were irrigated from a pumping station. The runoff loading was the highest in June because of the high concentrations of nutrients due to applied fertilizer. When the runoff losses of nutrients were compared to applied chemical fertilizer, it was found that 39.1 % to 42.5 % of nitrogen lost via runoff while runoff losses of phosphorus account for 6.3 % to 8.0 % of the total applied amount during cropping period. When the ratio was calculated between nutrients losses by infiltration and the applied of chemical fertilizer, two year results showed 9.1 % to 10.7 % for nitrogen and 0.2 % for phosphorus, respectively.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.732-739
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• 2010

Two combined autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) and biofilter (BF) systems were operated to treat the piggery wastewater and the ammonia offgas. Experimental results indicated that the organic removal efficiency of ATAD-2, operated with oxygen, was higher than that of ATAD-1, operated with air. The concentration of ammonia in ATAD-2 offgas was higher compared to ATAD-1 offgas, but the total amount of ammonia produced from ATAD-2 was less than that from ATAD-1 due to the lower oxygen flowrate. The ammonia gas produced from both ATAD reactors was successfully removed by the BF. The BF-1, connected with ATAD-1, removed 93% of ammonia at the loading rate of $9.4g\;NH_3-N/m^3/hr$. The BF-2, connected with ATAD-2, removed 95% of ammonia gas at the loading rate of $8.1g\;NH_3-N/m^3/hr$. As the nitrification process continued, pH value of recirculating solution continuously decreased due to the accumulation of nitrate. When the ammonia loading rate was less than $22.7g\;NH_3-N/m^3/h$, the proper replacing cycle of recirculating solution was in the range of 10 to 11 days. Almost 90% of total mass of nitrogen fed into the each BF was confirmed from the mass balance on nitrogen.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 1995

Two digestion trials were conducted to investigate the effect of feeding heated soybean meal (HSBM) on ruminal and post-ruminal digestion of organic matter (OM) and nitrogen (N), bacterial N flow to the duodenum and N balance in young calves weaned at 6 weeks of age. In trial 1, calves were fed concentrate diets containing soybean meal (SBM) or HSBM and hay mixed in the ratio of 6:4 to support daily weight gain of 0.5 kg. The same concentrate diets were used in trial 2, but the ratio of concentrate to hay was 7:3 to support body weight gain of 0.7 kg/d. Measurements were made 10 and 13 weeks of age in trial 1, and at 10 and 15 weeks in trial 2. Ruminal OM digestibility increased with advancing age in both trials. Ruminal OM digestion was not affected by the diets in trial 1, but it was greater for the SBM diet than for the HSBM diet at 10 weeks in trial 2. Net N loss from the rumen was lover for the HSBM diet than for the SBM diet in trial 1, but it was not affected by the diets in trial 2. Bacterial N flow to the duodenum, N digestion in the total digestive tract and N retention were not affected by the diets in either of the trials.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-8
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• 1972

Ordinary biological methods of evaluating protein quality are subjected to various sources of error, such as preliminary feeding, body weight of the animals, length of feeding period, endogenous nitrogen metabolism, etc. (1). Wide variations in the reported data may be partly due to this fact. The author postulated that by applying labelled protein these shortcomings may be avoided and that a balance study using nitrogen-15 would give most reliable data, uninfluenced by other factors which are unavoidable in ordinary balance studies using unlabelled nitrogen (2). However, the most important prerequisite for testing this assumption is to obtain labelled protein. As it has been known long since that chlorella contains a large amount of protein and can be easily cultured in quantity (3, 4), it was thought that labelled protein might be obtained by adding $N^{15}$ into the culture media. In this study it has been tried to find out, therefore, whether it is possible to obtain labelled protein by incorporating $KN^{15}\;O_3$ into the culture fuid and at what stage of growth the incorporation of the label into chlorella occurs.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.659-662
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• 2004

A growth trial of 60 days with 16 male buffalo calves (10 to 11 months age; 100${\pm}$7 kg live weight mean) was conducted to investigate comparative efficacy of cottonseed meal (CSM) and sunflower meal (SFM). Cottonseed meal was substituted isonitrogenously with SFM at 0, 12, 24 and 36% levels in four rations viz. A, B, C and D. Daily feed consumption was 5.07, 4.30, 4.17 and 3.20 kg, while daily weight gain was recorded to be 0.98, 0.74, 0.57 and 0.33 kg under rations A, B, C and D, respectively. In the digestibility and nitrogen balance trial using eight calves, digestibility of organic matter was 63.2, 62.9, 62.1 and 61.7, respectively. Nitrogen retained as percent of intake did not differ significantly. Sunflower meal was purchased at half the price of CSM but economics of weight gain did not favor SFM inclusion in rations. Results suggested that SFM should not be fed to buffalo calves gaining more than 0.7 kg/day.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.152-157
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• 1988

The effect of gypsum application was tested on dry matter yield, sulfur uptaken, composition of Ritrogen compound and sulhr compound and sulfur balance in mixed pasture. Total dry matter yields and sulfur uptake by grasses increased with the increasing of gypsum application rates. The ratios between total nitrogen and total sulfur in masses decreased with the increase of sulfur uptake at 2nd and 3rd cutting times. Cysteine content was little affected by gypsum while methionine content slightly increased an 4.0, 6.0 kg3 per 10a levels at 2nd and 3rd cutting times. The uptake of nitrate nitrogen decreased with gypsum application and dry matter digestibility increased about 1.1 to 3.3%. The soil pHs after experiment become high in surface and subsoil till 6.0 kg.S per 10a, but low at 10.0 kg.S per 10a. The content of sulfur in surface soil was 19.9 ppm after experiment, but very high in subsoi1,ranging from 94 to 143 ppm.S. Sulfur leached from the surface soil by 0.69, 2.39, and 6.24 kg.S per 10a in the plots of 4.0, 6.0, and 10.0 kg.S per 10a, respectively.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2001년도 춘계 학술대회
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• pp.75-76
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• 2001

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권5호
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• pp.633-638
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• 2007

본 연구는 진도자견에 대한 단백질의 급여 수준이 질소평형에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 단백질 급여 표준 설정을 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 실시하였다.생후 평균 18~20주령의 진도견 암컷 12두를 대상으로 단백질 수준을 21, 23 및 25%로 설정한 실험사료를 급여하여 체중, 사료섭취량 및 분뇨 배설량을 측정하였다. 일당 증체량은 조단백질 함량 21, 23 및 25%구에서 각각 65.42, 79.58 및 99.17g으로 나타났으며 조단백질 25%구가 유의하게 높았다(p<0.05). 축적된 질소량은 각각 0.74, 0.96 및 1.31g/kgBW.75/ d로 계산되었으며, 25% 조단백질 급여구가 21 및 23% 급여구에 비하여 유의하게(p<0.05) 높은 결과를 나타내었다. 질소섭취량(x, g/d)과 질소축적량(y, g/d)간에 y = -2.519x2 +12.79x-14.79의 회귀식이 도출되었고 매우 높은 상관관계가 인정되었다(R2=0.782, p<0.05). 이 식을 이용하여 계산한 결과 자견의 유지 조단백질 요구량은 11.25g/kg BW0.75/d로 추정되었다.본 연구의 결과는 진도자견의 단백질 요구량을 설정하는데 좋은 기초 자료가 될 것으로 생각되나, 진도견의 단백질 요구량을 최종적으로 설정하기 위해서는 전 생애에 걸쳐서 성별 및 사육환경에 따른 영양소 요구량에 대한 추가적인 연구가 요구된다고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1619-1626
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• 2018

Objective: This study was an attempt to investigate the effect of levels of fungal (Lentinus sajor-caju) treated oil palm fronds (FTOPF) on digestibility, rumen fermentation, and nitrogen balance in goats. Methods: Four 16 month old male crossbred (Thai Native${\times}$Anglo Nubian) goats with initial body weights of $33.5{\pm}1.7kg$ were randomly assigned according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Four levels of FTOPF were assigned for feed intake. The experimental treatments consisted of 0%, 33%, 67%, and 100% of oil palm fronds (OPF) being replaced by FTOPF. Results: The results revealed that total dry matter intake and nutrient intake were not influenced (p>0.05) by the inclusion of FTOPF. However, the efficiency values of the digestibility of the dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin on FTOPF were higher (p<0.05) in treatments with 33%, 67%, and 100% of FTOPF compared with 0% of FTOPF. FTOPF feeding did not change the rumen pH, temperature, and $NH_3-N$. However, the FTOPF levels did affect the total volatile fatty acid (VFA), molar proportion of acetate, propionate, butyrate, ratio of acetic (propionic acid and acetic) plus butyric (propionic acid), and production of $CH_4$. The totals of VFA and propionate was lower in goat fed with 0% of FTOPF than in those of the other groups (p<0.05). The amount of nitrogen retention based on g/d/animal or the percentage of nitrogen retained was the lowest the goat fed with 0% of FTOPF (p<0.05), whereas nitrogen intake, excretion, and absorption were not changed among treatments. Conclusion: Based on this study, FTOPF could be effectively used as an alternative roughage source in total mixed ration diets, constituting at least up to 100% of OPF.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.79-86
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• 2003

본 실험은 기존 사슴사료에 있어서 육계분 발효사료의 대체 가능성을 검토하기 위해 숫사슴에 있어서 육계분 발효사료의 첨가수준을 0, 15, 및 30%로 달리하여 소화율, 증체량, 건물채식량 및 질소출납에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 모든 처리구에서 실험사슴들은 비슷한 수준의 채식량을 나타내어 건물기준으로 체중의 약 3% 정도의 채식량을 기록하고 있어 육계분 발효사료를 30%까지 첨가한 경우 숫사슴의 채식 기호도에는 부정적인 영향이 나타나지 않는 것으로 판단되었다. 건물소화율은 Control이 76.5%로 가장 높았고, T2가 70.3%로 가장 낮아 유의성(P<0.05)이 인정되었다. 조단백질의 경우도 Control구가 75.8%로 가장 높은 소화율을 나타냈으며, T2가 70.2%로 가장 낮은 소화율을 나타내어 처리간에 유의성(P<0.05)이 인정되었다. 조섬유 소화율은 Control구 70.8.%, T1구 62.7%, T2구 56.0%로 육계분 발효사료의 첨가수준이 높아짐에 따라 조섬유 소화율이 저하되어 Control구와의 사이에 유의성(P<0.05)이 인정되었다. 건물 및 가소화 건물섭취량 모두 육계분 발효사료의 첨가수준이 높아질수록 약간씩 저하되는 경향은 있었으나 그 차이에 대한 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 실험사슴들의 일당 증체량은 T1구에서 가장 높았으며 Con- trol구에서 가장 낮았으나 처리간의 차이는 유의성이 인정되지 않았다. 질소섭취량은 T1구가 40.2g으로 가장 많았으며 T2구가 38.0g으로 가장 낮았으나 처리간의 유의성은 인정되지 않았다. 분 중 질소의 양은 T2구에서 가장 높았으며 뇨 중 질소의 양은 Control구가 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 체내 질소 축적량은 T1구에서 가장 높았으나 나머지 처리구들과 비슷한 수준을 유지했다.