• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.253-263
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• 2002

벼 재배시 시용한 비료와 자재양분의 이동과 흡수에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 전북통에서 동진벼를 공시하여 2개년간(1999~2000)시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 시험후 토양의 pH는 생우분 시용구에서 높아졌고 유기물, 인산, 규산, 칼리, 석회, 전질소함량이 증가하였고, 토층내로의 침투수중 무기태질소함량은 $NH_4-N$보다 $NO_3-N$함량이 월등히 많았으며 그 정도는 생우분시용구에서 높았으며, $PO_4-P$함량은 생우분시용구에서 타처리 보다 높았으나 K함량은 표준시비구에서 높았다. 벼 생육기간중 물의 소비량은 477mm였으며, 양분의 공급량과 소비량 중 질소는 무질소구, LCU20%감비구, 무비구에서 공급량보다 소비량이 많았으며, 인산의 경우는 무인산, 무비구를 제외하고는 공급량보다 소비량이 적었다. 또한 칼리는 모든 처리에서 공급량보다 소비량이 많았다. 양분의 침투수 중 시비질소는 진단시비, 표준시비+생우분+규산시용구에서 많았고 수확물의 질소회수율은 LCU20%감비구에서 높았다. 시비인산의 침투율은 생우분시용구에서 많았고, 시비칼리는 LCU20%감비구에서 많았다. 수도체 질소이용율은 LCU20%감비, 인산과 칼리의 이용율은 표준시비+규산시용구에서 높았다. 쌀수량은 진단시비 대비 LCU20%감비>표준시비+규산=표준시비+생우분+규산>표준시비+생우분 순으로 높았다.

• 대한위생학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한위생학회 2000년도 국제 학술 심포지움 및 총회
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• pp.65-84
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• 2000

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2004년도 International Conference Current Challenges and Advances in Environmental Health
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• pp.74-74
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• 2004

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.167-189
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• 2023

Korea has become the highest nitrogen balance (228 kg/ha) among 34 OECD member countries, and has the stigma of being a 'Nutrient overload country' as of 2019. Accordingly, research on the derivation and utilization of nutrient balance indicators and the 'regional nutrient management system' are being promoted to improve Korea's nutrient balance. It is necessary to support these policies and studies, form a public consensus on improving the nutrient balance, and evaluate the function of the public benefit. This paper aims to estimate the public benefit value of improving the nutrient balance based on an analysis of consumers' willingness to pay and recognition of Korea's nutrient excess for 600 consumers nationwide. As results, 21.2% of the respondents said they were aware of excessive nutrients in Korea, and 76.7% of the respondents said they were aware of the need for nutrient management. The average amount of intention to pay for the improvement of three pollution (soil, water quality, and air) that can occur due to a nutrient overload was ￦2,321.1 for soil pollution improvement, ￦2,391.2 for water pollution improvement, and ￦2,377.9 for air pollution improvement. The average willingness to pay for the three pollution reduction was ￦6,002.3. These results are expected to be used to form a public consensus on the balance of payments and to establish measures to enhance public interest values in the future.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.30-35
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• 2008

In this study, we investigated the nitrification/denitrification rate and classification of output nitrogen of a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) system with the variation of COD loads ; COD loads of 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0 and $1.2kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}d$ were tested to determine the optimum conditions for the operation of the SBR and increase its nitrogen removal efficiency. As the COD loads increased, the nitrification rate at aerobic(I) period and the denitrification rate at anoxic(I) period were decreased. With the variation of COD loads, the amounts of nitrogen removed in the clarified water effluent were 63.9, 54.2, 34.7, 22.5, 13.7, 12.5 and 26.5 mg/cycle, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen removed during the sludge waste process were 19.5, 26.6, 41.0, 47.3, 58.1, 72.4 and 88.1 mg/cycle, respectively. The amounts of nitrogen removed by denitrification were 66.8, 69.3, 68.9, 56.5, 39.5, 7.3 and 0.0 mg/cycle, respectively, indicating that COD load more than $0.7kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}d$ decreases the amounts of denitrified nitrogen. The nitrogen mass balances were calculated as the percentages of nitrogen removed in the clarified water effluent or by denitrification and sludge waste processing in each cycle of SBR operation and were 99.0, 98.5, 95.4, 82.1, 73.0, 60.5 and 74.8% for COD loads of 0.3, 0.4, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 1.0 and $1.2kgCOD/m^3{\cdot}d$, respectively.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1443-1450
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• 2003

Crossbred (Bos taurus${\times}$Bos indicus) calves were used from birth till 14 weeks of age to evaluate three sources of protein that differed in ruminal degradability viz. groundnut cake alone (HD) or in combination with cottonseed meal (MD) and meat and bone meal (LD), when fed along with two sources of non-structural carbohydrates viz. raw (R) and thermally processed (P) maize. Twenty four new born calves were arranged in six groups in a $3{\times}2$ factorial design and fed on whole milk up to 56 d of age. All the different calves received calf startes along with green oats (Avena sativa) from 14 d of age onwards free-choice. A metabolism trial of 6d starters duration, conducted after 90 d of experimental feeding, revealed greater (p<0.05) digestibility of DM, OM, total carbohydrates, NDF and ADF in calves fed on the P diets than on the R diets promoting greater (p<0.05) metabolizable energy intake. The digestibility of NDF was higher (p<0.01) on LD diets where as calves on MD diets exhibited significantly lower digestibility of ADF (p<0.01). The retention of nitrogen per unit metabolic body size was significantly (p<0.05) higher on the LD-P diet than on the diet HD-P which, in turn, was higher (p<0.05) than that of HD-R. Nitrogen retention as percentage of intake was significantly greater (p<0.05) on LD-P than on LD-R diets (52.2 vs. 36.4%). Also, P fed calves utilized nitrogen more efficiently than the R fed as shown by retention of significantly greater proportions of intake (47.4 vs. 40.9%) and absorbed (65.8 vs. 59.5%) nitrogen. Calorimetric evaluation of the diets through open-circuit respiration chamber revealed that the dietary treatments had no impact on methane production by calves. The intake of DE and ME was improved (p<0.01) because of maize processing resulting in greater (p<0.01) retention of energy. The protein degradability exerted no influence on the partitioning or retention of energy. A significant interaction between cereal and protein types was evident with respect to retention of both nitrogen (p<0.01) and energy (p<0.05). In conclusion, no discernible trend in the influence of cereal processing was apparent on the dietary protein degradability, but the positive effect of cereal processing on energy retention diminished with the increase in dietary undegradability.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 2002

본 실험은 육림부산물 발효사료의 사슴용 사료가치를 평가하기 위해 꽃사슴에게 육림부산물 사일리지(FBS), 칡 사일리지(ARS) 및 수입 갈잎건초(OLH)를 급여하여 건물채식량, 소화율 및 질소출납을 상호 비교하였다. 건물소화율은 ARS가 가장 높았고 OLH가 가장 낮아 처리구간에 유의성(P$<$0.05)이 인정되었다. 조단백질 소화율의 경우는 OLH구가 FBS와 ARS구에 비해 현저히 낮은(P$<$0.05) 소화율을 나타냈다. 조섬유 소화율의 경우는 FBS가 가장 높고 OLH가 가장 낮았다. 건물채식량은 OLH가 가장 높아 ARS와의 사이에는 유의성(P$<$0.05)이 인정되었으나 FBS와의 사이에는 인정되지 않았다. 그러나 체내에서 이용 가능한 가소화 건물채식량으로 환산했을 경우 차이가 거의 없었다. 체내에 축적된 질소와 섭취질소에 대한 축적질소의 비율은 처리구간에 유의성은 인정되지 않았으나 FBS가 가장 높아 체내 질소의 이용효율이 가장 좋았던 것으로 평가되었다. 결과적으로 육림부산물 사일리지는 다양한 사료자원으로 구성되어 사슴의 기호성이 양호하고 높은 소화율과 건물채식량 및 영양소의 체내 이용성을 나타내고 있어 사슴용 사료로서 충분한 가치를 갖고 있는 사료자원으로 평가되었다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1983

하비의 질소시비량을 달리하였을 때 뽕나무의 생육, 수엽량, 이온함량의 변동과 엽위별 이동, 균형 등을 알기 위해 요소관행구(25kg/10a)와 요소 3배증시구(75kg/10a)를 설치하고 시험한 결과 다음과 같았다. 1. 요소증시는 관행양에 비해 조장, 조중을 증가시켰으며, 정엽양은 9월20일경에 생물중으로 273.6kg/10a를 증가시켰다. 2. 뽕잎중의 수분함양은 8월30일까지 73%이상을 유지하였으나, 그 후 계속 감소되어 9월20일경에는 63%내외로 떨어졌다. 증시구에서는 관행구보다 0.1~1.8%정도 높았으며 10월10일경까지도 뽕잎이 연하였다. 3. 생육초기부터 계속 증가한 뽕잎의 건물중은 9월20일경에 현저히 감소되었으나 지조의 무게는 9월 30일까지도 계속 증가하였다. 4. 엽중의 $Ca^{2+}$는 경시적으로 함양이 현저히 증가되었으나, $K^{+}$과 $Mg^{2+}$은 감소되었으며, $Ca^{2+}$은 증시구에서 현저히 높았다. 5. 각종 이온의 경시적인 엽위별 이동을 보면 8월30일경에 전질소 및 수분함량이 급격히 감소함에 따라 이동성이 불량한 $Ca^{2+}$와 Cl$^{-}$는 상부로, 양호한 $K^{+}$, H$_2$PO$^{-}$$_4$ 그리고 SO$^{2-}$ $_4$ 등은 하부로 점차 이동하였다. 6. 전질소의 함양은 8월30일 이전에 3,200me/kg DM에서 9월 초순 이후에는 2,000me/kg DM으로 현저히 감소하였다. 관행구는 9월12일에, 증시구는 9월22일에 최대함량부위가 아래 엽위로 떨어지면서 10일후에는 각각 선단의 생장점이 고사ㆍ탈락하였다. 7. ∑C는 생육초기에 1,400me/kg DM에서 점차 증가하여 1,600me/kg DM 내외를, ∑A는 400me/kg DM 내외를, (C-A)는 생육초기에는 1,000me/kg DM에서 증가하여 1,200me/kg DM 내외를 각각 유지하였다. 8. ∑C, ∑A, (C-A) 등은 관행구에서 보다 증시구에서 약간 높은 경향을 보였는데 이것은 증시구에서는Ca$^{2+}$의 함량이 현저히 높았으며, NO$^{-}$$_3$, SO$^{2-}$ $_4$, H$_2$PO$^{-}$$_4$ 등이 다소 높았기 때문이다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1069-1073
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• 2008

Indoor air quality can be affected by indoor sources, ventilation, decay and outdoor levels. Although technologies exist to measure these factors, direct measurements are often difficult. The purpose of this study was to develop an alternative method to characterize indoor environmental factors by multiple indoor and outdoor measurements. Using a mass balance model and regression analysis, penetration factor (ventilation rate divided by the sum of ventilation rate and deposition constant) and source strength factor (source strength divided by the sum of ventilation rate and deposition constant) were calculated using multiple indoor and outdoor measurements. Subsequently, the ventilation rate and $NO_2$ generation rate were estimated. Mean of ventilation rate was 1.41 ACH in houses, assuming a residential N02 deposition constant of 0.94 $hr^{-1}$. Mean generation rate of $NO_2$ was 16.5 ppbv/hr. According to house characterization, inside smoking and family number were higher $NO_2$ generation rates, and apartment was higher than single-family house. In conclusion, indoor environmental factors were effectively characterized by this method using multiple indoor and outdoor measurements.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.687-693
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• 1992

The study was conducted to investigate the effect of soybean meal (SBM) supplementation on the voluntary intake of rice straw and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Balance trials were conducted with three Hapanese Corriedale wethers fed a rice straw alone (control), rice straw supplemented with 75 and 150 g of SBM/day in a $3{\times}3$ latin square design. Voluntary intake of rice straw in sheep fed both levels of SBM supplemented diets was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that in sheep fed control diet. Crude protein digestibility was significantly increased (p<0.05), but organic matter, crude fibre, neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre digestibilities were not affected by SBM supplementation. Nitrogen balance was positive in sheep on both levels of SBM supplemented diets, but negative in animals on the control diet. Rumen ammonia and blood urea-nitrogen concentrations increased (p<0.05) as increasing level of SBM. Total volatile fatty acids, acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate concentrations in rumen fluid were also significantly increased (p<0.01), but ruminal pH was decreased (p<0.05) by SBM supplementation.