• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.445-451
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• 2013

We researched nitrogen and green manure yield of crotalaria by seeding rate; 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 kg $ha^{-1}$ in upland soil to find out crotalaria's optimal seeding rate. Crotalaria's plant height and number of leaves increased when the harvest time was later regardless of its seeding rate. Its nitrogen content of above-ground part was 19.8 g $ha^{-1}$, and C/N ratio was 22.5. The highest nitrogen content (50.3 g $ha^{-1}$) was found in flowers part, followed by its leaves, roots and stems. The green manure yields of crotalaria increased when the harvest time was later. The green manure yield of crotalaria was biggest in 50kg $ha^{-1}$ which was low in seeding rate. It tended to decrease when the seeding rate was higher, and the nitrogen yield had the same tendency. Therefore, the appropriate seeding rate was 50kg $ha^{-1}$ and the time for application to soil was considered to be the flowering stage.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.347-352
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• 1987

버어리 21을 공시품종으로 하여, 시비량을 전량기비구에서는 표준시비 외 증비 2처리와 기 추비구에서는 표준량을 기비로 하고 추비 2 처리를 두어 질소수준 및 시비방법과 수확시기의 차이가 엽중전질소 및 전알카로이드함량에 미치는 영향을 밝혀서 전질소화합물이 낮은 잎담배를 생산코자 본 시험을 수행하였던 바 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 질소 증비에 따라 부풀성이 저하되었다. 2. 질소량을 증시 할수록 성숙이 지연되었고 엽중전질소 및 알카로이드함량도 증가되었으며, 기비 보다도 추비에 의해서 그 영향이 크게 나타났다. 3. 엽중 전질소함량은 적심 전이 가장 높았고, 이후 생육기간이 길수록 감소되었는데 상위엽에서 감소폭이 더 컸다. 4. 엽중 알카로이드함량은 적심기부터 증가하여 생육기간이 길수록 점차 더 증가되었고, 상위엽에서 증자폭이 더 컸다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1009-1016
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of organic fertilizers on soil properties and growth and quality of melon. Organic fertilizer was applied in soil at the rate of 0, 0.5, 1, 2N according to Rural Development Administration guideline in Korea. The fertilizer had no effects on plant growth-rate parameters, including plant height, leaf number, and leaf size. There were minor effects on the fruit quality parameters such as fruit weight, fruit length, fruit width, placenta and seed weights, sugar content, and starch content. Ascorbic acid level was decreased as fertilizer level was increased. The level of nitrate in groundwater increased with increased levels of N.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.102-109
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• 1990

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of pure mineral nitrogen fertilizing on dry matter yield of grassland and the advisable mineral nitrogen amounts in long duration under practical conditions at the "Federal Institute for Agriculture in the Alps" in Austria. The application rates were 0, 30, 60,90 and 120 kg N/ha/cut, the cutting regimes 3-, 4-, 5- and 6-cuts/year. In order to explain the nitrogen-profitability were determined that 1 kg pure mineral nitrogen have to produce 8 - 16 kg DM/kg N in dependence on cutting regimes and requiring of nitrogen efficiencies. The results were as follows: 1. With only PK-fertilizaing average dry matter yields from 4.0 to 7.6 tons per ha and year were obtained. 2. Within all applied cutting regimes 60 kg min. Nlhalgrowth have proved to be the most efficient application rate witn 13 - 24 kg DM/kg N in dependent of cutting regimes. Comapred with only PK-treatment the DM yields increased by 3.9 - 4.7 t/ ha nad year. 3. By the sigmaformed process of Input-Output curve the highest marginal yield (the "most efficient" Ndressing rate) per ha and year was calculated: 152 kg N at 3-cut regimes, 204 kg N at 4-cut regimes, 220 kg N at 5-cut regimes and 240 kg N/ha/year at 6-cut regimes. 4. With required efficiencies of 16 and 12 kg DM/kg N 240 - 300 kg N per ha and year respectively would have to be applied at 3-cut regimes; with required efficiencies of 12 and 10 kg DM/kg N at 4-cut regimes the appropriate figures ranged from 320 to 420 kg N/ha and year, at 5- and 6-cut regimes and efficiencies of 10 and 8 kg DM/kg N results of 360 - 460 kg N and 380 - 500 kg N respectively were obtained. 5. At the relatively dry location Piber the highest dressing rates were needed in order to obtain the efficiencies from 8 to 16 kg DM/kg N, about 30 - 60 kg N/ha/year more than at the relatively moist location Admont.ist location Admont.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate anoxic-RBC-anoxic-RBC process and its application to remove biologically organics and nitrogen. BOD and total-nitrogen(T-N) removal efficiencies were decreased as volumetric loading rate increased. But, the removal efficiency changes of T-N were little, as compared to BOD. Increase of internal recycle rate had few affect of BOD and T-N removal rates. Also, influent allocation(to 2nd anoxic reactor) had few affect of BOD removal efficiency rate. However, when the influent allocation rate was 30%, T-N removal efficiency was increased to 84.1 %. BOD/N ratio applied to 2nd anoxic reactor was increased to range of 3.65-4.37 as influent allocation rate increased to range 20∼35%. But, it might also cause adverse effect such as decrease of denitrification rate in excessive influent allocation rate.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권spc1호
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• pp.56-61
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• 2005

호남평야지에서 고품질 쌀 생산을 위한 질소시비량을 구명하고자 $2002\~2004$년에 호남평야지인 익산에서 삼천벼, 화성벼, 남평벼를 공시하여, 질소시비량에 따른 생육, 수량구성요소, 수량 및 품질 관련형질을 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 단위면적당 수수와 입수는 다비할수록 많았으나, 등숙비율과 현미천립중은 다비할수록 저하되었다. 2. 백미 외관상 품위에서 완전립 비율은 질소시비량이 많을수록 낮았고, 아밀로스 함량은 질소시비량 간에 별 차이가 없었으나, 단백질 함량은 질소시비량이 증가됨에 따라 다소 높아지는 경향이었다. 3. 쌀 수량은 삼천벼와 화성벼는 질소 9kg/10a, 남평벼는 질소 11kg/10a까지, 완전미 수량은 삼천벼와 화성벼는 질소 7kg/10a, 남평벼는 질소 9kg/10a 수준까지는 증수 되었으나 그 이상의 질소시비량에서는 수량 차이가 인정되지 않았다. 4. 따라서 호남평야지에서 완전미 수량, 등숙비율, 미질 등을 고려한 10g당 적정 질소시비량은 9kg 내외로 판단된다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2000

본 연구는 2년간('97~'98) 벼 2모작 재배시 질소시용량별 보릿짚의 분해정도(分解程度)와 벼 생육(生育) 및 수량성(收量性) 변이(變異)를 조사하기 위하여 전북통(全北統)에서 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 보릿짚의 탄소잔존률(炭素殘存率)은 질소시 용량이 많을수록 적어졌으나 질소잔존률(窒素殘存率)은 증가하였고 C/N율(率)은 낮아졌다. 보릿짚시용시 토양미생물(土壤微生物)은 방사선(放線菌)>셀룰로오스분해균(分解菌)>세균(細菌)>사상균(絲狀菌) 순으로 많았다. 보릿짚시용에 의한 질소기아현상(窒素飢餓現象)은 분얼기(分蘖期)에 나타났으나 질소 $144kg\;ha^{-1}$시용구에서는 나타나지 않았다. 보릿짚시용으로 초장(草長), 간장(稈長), 수장(穗長)이 짧아졌으나 질소 $103kg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용구에서는 보릿짚무시용과 큰차이가 없었다. 보릿짚시용시 쌀수량(收量)은 질소 $108kg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용구에서 보릿짚무시용구와 같았으며 질소 90, $144kg\;ha^{-1}$ 시용구에서는 보릿짚무시용구(無施用區) 대비(對比) 감소폭(減少幅)이 컸다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.217-224
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• 2014

Ground-based remote sensing can be used as one of the non-destructive, fast, and real-time diagnostic tools for predicting yield, biomass, and nitrogen stress during growing season. The objectives of this study were: 1) to assess biomass and nitrogen (N) status of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plants under N stress using ground-based remote sensors; and 2) to evaluate the feasibility of spectral reflectance indices for estimating an application rate of N and predicting yield of tobacco. Dry weight (DW), N content, and N uptake at the 40th and 50th day after transplanting (DAT) were positively correlated with chlorophyll content and normalized difference vegetation indexes (NDVIs) from all sensors (P<0.01). Especially, Green NDVI (GNDVI) by spectroradiometer and Crop Circle-passive sensors were highly correlated with DW, N content and N uptake. The yield of tobacco was positively correlated with canopy reflectance indices measured at each growth stage (P<0.01). The regression of GNDVI by spectroradiometer on yield showed positively quadratic curve and explained about 90% for the variability of measured yield. The sufficiency index (SI) calculated from data/maximum value of GNDVI at the $40^{th}$ DAT ranged from 0.72 to 1.0 and showed the same positively quadratic regression with N application rate explaining 84% for the variability of N rate. These results suggest that use of reflectance indices measured with ground-based remote sensors may assist in determining application rate of fertilizer N at the critical season and estimating yield in mid-season.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2023

Nitrogen fertilizers applied to agricultural lands for crop cultivation can be volatilized as ammonia. The released ammonia can catalyze the formation of ultrafine dust (particulate matter, PM2.5), classified as a short-lived climate change pollutant, in the atmosphere. Currently, one of the prominent methods for fertilizer application in agricultural lands is soil surface application, which comprises spraying the fertilizers onto the soil surface, followed by mixing the fertilizers with the soil. Owing to the low nitrogen absorption rate of crops, when nitrogen fertilizers are applied in this manner, they can be lost from land surfaces through volatilization. Therefore, investigating a new fertilization method to reduce ammonia emissions and increase the fertilizer utilization efficiency of crops is necessary. In this study, to develop a method for reducing ammonia emissions from nitrogen fertilizers applied to soil surfaces, deep fertilization was conducted using a newly developed deep fertilization device, and ammonia emissions from barley, garlic, and onion fields were examined. Conventional fertilization (surface application) and deep fertilization (soil depth of 25 cm) were conducted for analysis. The fertilization rate was 100% of the standard fertilization rate used for barley, and deep fertilization of N, P, and K fertilizers was implemented. Ammonia emissions were collected using a wind tunnel chamber, and quantified subsequently susing the indole-phenol blue method. Ammonia emissions released from the basal fertilizer application persisted for approximately 58 d, beginning from approximately 3 d after fertilization in conventional treatments; however, ammonia was not released from deep fertilization. Moreover, barley, garlic, and onion yields were higher in the deep fertilization treatment than in the conventional fertilization treatment. In conclusion, a new fertilization method was identified as an alternative to the current approach of spraying fertilizers on the soil surface. This new method, which involves injecting nitrogen fertilizers at a soil depth of 25 cm, has the potential to reduce ammonia emissions and increase the yields of barley, garlic, and onion.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.497-503
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• 1990

질소와 가리 시용량이 버어리종 잎담배(1988년; Burley 21, 1989년 ; Burley 21과 KB 101)의 생육, 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위하여 질소 3수준(1988년 ; 17.5, 22.75, 28.0kg/10a, 1989년 ; 12.5, 17.5, 22.5kg/10a), 가리 3수준(1988년 ; 17.5, 35.0, 52.5kg/10a, 1989년 ; 25.0, 35.0, 45.0kg/10a)을 두어 포장에서 시험한 바, 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 적심기 생육에 미치는 질소 시용량의 영향은 년차간 변이가 큰 것으로 나타났으며 가리시용량은 적심기 생육에 별다른 영향을 미치지 않았다. 2. 질소나 가리 시용량이 생육기간중의 엽중 질소함량에는 비교적 큰 영향을 미쳤으나 가리함량에 미치는 영향은 비교적 작았다. 3. Burley 21에 비하여 KB 101이 다수성이었으며, 질소감비상태에서의 생산성도 높았다. 4. 질소를 22.75kg/10a까지 시용할 때는 수량과 품질이 높아졌으나, 그 이상 시용할때는 수량은 증가되지 않고 품질은 낮아졌다. 5. 가리시용량이나 가리/질소 시용비에 따른 수량, 품질 차이는 크지 않았으나, 가리/질소 시용비가 작을 때는 품질이 다소 낮아졌다 6. 질소시용량이 22.75kg/10a을 초과할 때, 잎담배 수량 및 품질면에서 유리한 점은 없었으며, 가리시용량은 35.0kg/10a이면 충분하며 그 이하로의 감비도 여지가 있을 것으로 생각된다.