• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제32권2호
• /
• pp.233-240
• /
• 2019

Objective: This study was to investigate the effects of dietary cotton stalk on nitrogen and free gossypol in sheep. Methods: Treatments included 25% cotton stalk (Treat 1), 50% cotton stalk (Treat 2), and a control (no cotton stalk). Six Xinjiang daolang wethers were cannulated at the rumen and duodenum and fed one of these diets. The effects of these diets on nitrogen and free gossypol absorption and metabolism were determined. Fifteen healthy Xinjiang daolang wethers were assessed for daily gain, tissue lesions, and free gossypol accumulation. Results: Dry matter intake decreased with increasing dietary cotton stalk. Total tract dry matter digestibility did not significantly differ among treatments. Dietary cotton stalk significantly decreased volatile fatty acids and increased ammonium nitrogen in the rumen. Nitrogen intake was significantly higher in Treat 2 than in the control or Treat 1. Nitrogen retention and free gossypol intake increased with dietary cotton stalk. Duodenal free gossypol flow did not increase, and free gossypol almost disappeared from the rumen. The free gossypol content of plasma and tissue was increased with dietary cotton stalk with liver free gossypol>muscle free gossypol>kidney free gossypol. Elevated dietary free gossypol decreased platelets, hemoglobin, and serum iron. Aspartate aminotransferase and ${\gamma}$-glutamyltransferase increased in Treat 2. With high long-term dietary cotton stalk intake, liver cells were swollen, and their nuclei dissolved. Renal cells were necrotic and the interstitia were enlarged. Conclusion: With short-term cotton stalk administration, only a small amount of free gossypol is retained in the body. In response to long-term or high free gossypol cotton stalk feeding, however, free gossypol accumulates in, and damages the liver and kidneys.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• 제63권2호
• /
• pp.305-318
• /
• 2021

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is an important forage legume grown in Kansas, USA and its productivity with cool-season grasses however is unknown. The objective of this study was to determine the dry matter yield (DMY) and forage nutritive value of alfalfa-grass mixtures compared to those of alfalfa and grasses grown in monoculture with and without nitrogen fertilization. Three different alfalfa varieties were planted (reduced-lignin alfalfa, Roundup Ready, and conventional alfalfa) and two kinds of cool-season grasses (smooth brome, Bromus inermis Leyss, and tall fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb) were planted as a monoculture or in alfalfa-grass mixtures. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea) was applied at green-up at a rate of 56 kg/ha and after the second cutting at a rate of 56 kg/ha in 2016 and 2017, respectively. and control treatments received no nitrogen. DMY was significantly higher in monoculture alfalfa and alfalfa-grass mixtures than in grass monocultures. Between alfalfa monoculture and alfalfa-grass mixtures, no significant differences in DMY were found. For all treatments, nitrogen application significantly increased DMY compared to the control. In 2016 and 2017, the low-lignin alfalfa monoculture had the lowest acid detergent fiber (ADF) and the grass monocultures had the highest ADF. In 2016 and 2017, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) in smooth bromegrass and tall fescue was higher than in other species treatments. A low-lignin alfalfa monoculture had significantly lower NDF concentration compared to alfalfa-grass mixtures. When averaged over 2016 and 2017, relative feed value (RFV) was highest in low-lignin alfalfa and lowest in the grass monocultures. In both years, nitrogen fertilizer application did not affect nutritive values.

• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물환경조절학회 2005년도 세계의 친환경 시설원에 기술동향 및 춘계 국제학술대회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.110-116
• /
• 2005

• 한국생물환경조절학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물환경조절학회 2005년도 세계의 친환경 시설원에 기술동향 및 춘계 국제학술대회 발표논문집
• /
• pp.117-124
• /
• 2005

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.195-204
• /
• 2010

In the study, the effects of elevated $CO_2$ and temperature on the photosynthetic characteristics, chlorophyll content, nitrogen content, carbon content, and C/N ratio of Phytolacca insularis and Phytolacca americana were examined under control (ambient $CO_2+$ ambient temperature) and treatment (elevated $CO_2+$ elevated temperature) for 2 years (2008 and 2009). The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and water use efficiency of two plant species were higher under the treatment than the under the control. The stomatal conductance of P. insularis was higher under the control, but that of P. americana was not significantly affected by $CO_2$ and temperature under the treatment. The chlorophyll contents of two species were decreased about 72.5% and 20%, respectively, by elevated $CO_2$ and temperature. The nitrogen contents of two species were not significantly altered by increase in $CO_2$ and temperature. The carbon contents of the two species were higher under the treatment than under the control. The C/N ratio of P. insularis was higher under the treatment but that of P. americana was not significantly affected by $CO_2$ and temperature. These results demonstrated that the physiological responses of P. insularis native plants might be more sensitively influenced by a $CO_2$-mediated global warming situation than those of the P. americana invasive plants.

• 한국환경농학회지
• /
• 제20권5호
• /
• pp.335-339
• /
• 2001

Two successive in vitro experiments were carried out to examine the effect of MPS bacterial inoculation on growth, and nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation of maize plants under greenhouse condition in the same soil. There were four treatments, uninoculated control and three phosphate solubilizing bacterial inoculations, viz., Pseudomonas striata, Burkholderia cepacia and Serratia marcescens. The inoculated plants showed the higher plant height, total dry mass, nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation when compared to uninoculated control plants in both experiments. In the combined data analysis from two experiments, the plants inoculated with P. striata and B. cepacia showed significantly higher plant height, total dry mass and P accumulation when compared to S. marcescens inoculated plant and uninoculated control plants. The P. striata and B. cepacia inoculation enhanced total dry matter accumulation by 14% and phosphorus accumulation by 25% over the uninoculated control plants. The nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of maize plants were also increased due to MPS bacterial inoculation, however, the effect was not significant.

• 웰빙융합연구
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.33-36
• /
• 2023

Purpose: Since the food wastewater contains a high concentration of nitrogen, it is very important to find a way to efficiently remove it. Research design, data and methodology: A total of four experiments were conducted under different conditions to remove ammonia nitrogen present in the food wastewater. The experiment was designed by adding sodium hypochlorite to the raw food wastewater and varying conditions such as pH control, aeration/precipitation, and stirring. Results: The ammonia nitrogen removal rate in Experiment 1 was about 12% (sodium hypochlorite added), ammonia nitrogen increased about 4.7% in Experiment 2 (sodium hypochlorite added after aeration/precipitation in a bioreaction tank, stirring), and decreased about 52.5% (sodium hypochlorite added after controlling and stirring). Conclusions: When the concentration of sodium hypochlorite was high, ammonia nitrogen was best removed, and the pH was adjusted to 12, and sodium hypochlorite was added after stirring, and the removal was the second best. If the method of this study is further studied and developed, it can be basic data for ammonia nitrogen removal in the future.

• Applied Science and Convergence Technology
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.132-135
• /
• 2015

Schematic of RAON vacuum system is introduced. Vacuum test for superconducting cavity with liquid nitrogen is performed. Schematic plan for RAON vacuum system is introduced and vacuum control system for superconducting cavity test is constructed. Vacuum pressure of cavity is shown as a function of pumping time. The temperature of cavity is shown as a function of cooling time. Outgassing species from cavity is also detected. Detailed experimental procedure is presented to test the cavity vacuum with liquid nitrogen.

• 한국토양비료학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.216-222
• /
• 2013

Fertilizer management has the potential to promote the storage of carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soils and thus may contribute to crop sustainability and mitigation of global warming. In this study, the effects of fertilizer practices [no fertilizer (Control), chemical fertilizer (NPK), Compost, and chemical fertilizer plus compost] on soil total carbon (TC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents in inner soil profiles of paddy soil at 0-60 cm depth were examined by using long-term field experimental site at $42^{nd}$ years after installation. TC and TN concentrations of the treatments which included N input (NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost) in plow layer (0-15 cm) ranged from 19.0 to 26.4 g $kg^{-1}$ and 2.15 to 2.53 g $kg^{-1}$, respectively. Compared with control treatment, SOC (soil organic C) and TN concentrations were increased by 24.1 and 31.0%, 57.6 and 49.7%, and 72.2 and 54.5% for NPK, Compost, and NPK+Compost, respectively. However, long term fertilization significantly influenced TC concentration and pools to 30 cm depth. TC and TN pools for NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost in 0-30 cm depth ranged from 44.8 to 56.8 Mg $ha^{-1}$ and 5.78 to 6.49 Mg $ha^{-1}$, respectively. TC and TN pools were greater by 10.5 and 21.4%, 30.3 and 29.6%, and 39.9 and 36.3% in N input treatments (NPK, Compost, NPK+Compost) than in control treatment. These resulted from the formation and stability of aggregate in paddy soil with continuous mono rice cultivation. Therefore, fertilization practice could contribute to the storage of C and N in paddy soil, especially, organic amendments with chemical fertilizers may be alternative practices to sequester carbon and nitrogen in agricultural soil.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제56권1호
• /
• pp.99-108
• /
• 2023

In this study, changes in biofloc-related and pathogenic bacteria in both low and high concentration biofloc breeding water planted with the halophyte (Triglochin maritimum were investigated). In the low-concentration biofloc breeding water, the ratio of bacteria related to the nitrogen cycle was initially 59.57% and, it decreased to 26.57% at the end of the experiment while other bacteria (excluding nitrogen-cycling bacteria and vibrios) increased from 38.75% to 73.43%. However, the planted experimental group maintained a relatively high ratio of nitrogen cycling bacteria at 58%. In the high-concentration experimental group, bacteria related to the initial nitrogen cycle, non-pathogenic vibrios, and pathogenic vibrios were 11.60, 36.28, and 20.14%, respectively. Finally, nitrogen-cycling bacteria were 36.47% in the control group and 37.55% in the planted group. The total number of vibrios decreased by 46.54% in the planted group and 48.01% in the control group, indicating a significant decrease in both experimental groups. However, the residual rate of pathogenic vibrios was 4.48% in the control group and 0.54% in the planted group. Overall, the planted group showed decreasing harmful bacteria and increasing useful bacteria.