• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.269-278
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• 1996

Airborne suspended particulates were collected by an Andersen high volume air sampler in a traffic area of Seoul from September 1990 to August 1991. Origanic matter extracted from particulates, their fractions, namely acidic, basic, neutral and carcinogenic subfractions (PAHs, nitroarenes) in neutral fractions were assayed for mutagenicity on TA98, TA100 and TA98NR deficient Salmonella strains, use of the pre-incubation method. The relative contribution to total mutanenicity of organic matters was highest in neutral fraction and was lowest in basic fraction. Among subfractions, that of neutral fraction was higher nitroarenes subfraction compared to PAHs subfraction. While the carcinogenic effect of benzo[a]pyrene was calculated as 0.96 persons/million persons based on unit risk estimates by extrapolation method, life time excess cancer risk estimate of EOM, neutral, PAH fraction based on their mutagenicity was calculated as 52, 42, 3.8 persons/million persons, respectively. These findings indicate that the mutagenic hazard of the partciculate, air organic complex mixture, may be dependent upon the mutagen composition in the particulate and interactions each of them. Therfore, health risk from air organic complex mixtures based on mutagenicity might be useful indicator for evaluation of actual risk.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.1115-1116
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• 2006

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1989

환경인자가 인체의 발암에 크게 기여하며, 대기오염도 흡연인자와 더불어 폐암발생의 주요인자로 주목되고 있다. 발암성 시험은 mouse, rat 등의 소동물을 이용하는 in vivo 시험법이 원칙이나, 시간과 경비가 많이 소요되므로, in vitro 생물시험법이 현재 발암물질의 screening 수법으로 많이 이용되고 있다. 특히 B.N.Ames에 의해 개발된 Salmonella균 변이주를 이용하는 방법은, 간편성, 신속성에 뛰어나고, 정성적 또는 정량적으로 발암성과 매우 높은 상관관계를 보이고 있어 최근 10여년간에 걸쳐, 수많은 화학물질 또는 대기오염물질과 같은 복합오염물질의 변이원성 및 발암성의 screening test로서 널리 응용되어 왔다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Toocicology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.194-194
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• 2003

The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC, 1989) has classified whole diesel exhaust as probably carcinogenic to humans. Diesel exhaust particulate matter (DPM) adsorbs different chemical substances including PAHs and nitroarenes. DPM is emphasized because it is a major component of diesel exhaust, it is suspected of contributing to a health hazard. Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of carbon particles and associated organics and inorganics, and it is not known what fraction or combination of fractions cause the health effects [cancer effects, noncancer effects (respiratory tract irritation/inflammation and changes in lung function)] that have been observed with exposure to diesel exhaust. In order to identify which chemical classes are responsible for the majority of the observed biological activities, we performed a particular biological/chemical analysis. Respirable particulate matter (PM2.5: <2.5mm) was collected from diesel engine exhaust using a high-volume sampler equipped with a cascade impactor. Particulate oganic matter was extracted by the dichloromethane/sonication method and the crude extract was fractionated according to EPA recommended procedure into seven fractions by acid-base partitioning and silica gel column chromatography. We examined genotoxic potentials of diesel exhaust particulate matter using novel genotoxicity tests, which are rapid, simple and sensitive methods for assessing DNA-damage at the DNA and chromosomal level (comet assay, in vitro MN test and Ames test). Higher genotoxic potency was observed in non polar fractions and several PAHs were detected by GC-MS, such as 1,2,5,6 dibenzanthracene, chrysene, 1,2-benzanthracene, phenanthrene and fluoranthene.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2004

Diesel exhaust particle (<2.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, DEP$_{2.5}$) is known to be probarbly carcinogenic (IARC group 2A). DEP$_{2.5}$ contains organic compounds such as polycyclicaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), heterocyclic compounds, phenols, and nitroarenes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generated by DEP$_{2.5}$ without any biological activation system. Therefore, an alternative mechanism by which DEP$_{2.5}$ could be carcinogenic is known by the generation of oxidative DNA damage. The aim of this study was to investigate genotoxic effects of DEP$_{2.5}$ using single cell gel electrophoresis. In order to evaluate the mechanisms of DEP$_{2.5}$ genotoxicity, the rat micro-some mediated and DNA repair enzyme treated comet assays together with routine comet assay were performed. DEP$_{2.5}$ was collected from diesel engine bus and dichloromethane extract was obtained. The organic extract of DEP$_{2.5}$ revealed DNA damage itself in NIH/3T3 cells. And it showed both oxidative and microsome mediated DNA damages. Vitamin C as an model antioxidant reduced DNA damage in endonuclase III treated comet assay. One of flavonoid, galangin as a CYP1A1 inhibitor reduced DNA damage in the presence of S-9 mixture. Our results show that DEP$_{2.5}$ are genotoxic and a great source of oxidative stress, but antioxidants can significantly reduce oxidative DNA damages. And DEP$_{2.5}$ may contain indirect mutagens which can be inhibited by CYP inhibitors.d by CYP inhibitors.