• Title/Summary/Keyword: Nitro

검색결과 882건 처리시간 0.028초

Changes in Concentration Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Associated with Airborne Particulate Matter in Downtown Tokyo after Introducing Government Diesel Vehicle Controls

  • Kojima, Yuki;Inazu, Koji;Hisamatsu, Yoshiharu;Okochi, Hiroshi;Baba, Toshihide;Nagoya, Toshio
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2010

  • The effectiveness of the government regulation on tail-pipe emission for diesel vehicles issued in 2003 in Tokyo was evaluated in this study. Variations in annual average concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs associated with airborne particulate matter were investigated in connection with the variation in airborne elemental carbon (EC) concentration in downtown Tokyo, Japan in 2006-2007 and in 1997-1998. The annual average concentrations of EC, seven different PAHs, and 1-nitropyrene were found to have decreased significantly from 1997-1998 to 2006-2007. The most prominent decrease in atmospheric concentration was observed for 1-nitropyrene, which is a representative nitro-PAH originating from diesel vehicles. This indicated that the government control has worked to considerably reduce both atmospheric mutagens and airborne particulate matter. In contrast, the concentrations of two nitro-PAHs, 2-nitrofluoranthene and 2-nitropyrene, remained the same. These nitro-PAHs are known to be formed by atmospheric nitration of their parent PAHs, and this result suggested factors other than the concentration of parent PAHs and $NO_2$ affects the degree of atmospheric formation of nitro-PAHs.

  • https://doi.org/10.5572/ajae.2010.4.1.001 인용 PDF

Antituberculosis Agents X. Synthesis and Evaluation of In Vitro Antituberculosis Activity of 2-(5-Nitro-2-furyl)-and 2-(1-Methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-1 ,3,4-thiadiazole Derivatives

  • Alireza-Foroumadi;Fatemeh-Soltani;Raheleh-Jabini;Moshafi, Mohammad-Hasan;Rasnani, Fatemeh-Mohammadian
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제27권5호
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    • pp.502-506
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    • 2004

  • Two series of 2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)- and 2-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-propyl, allyl and propargyl)thio-1,3,4-thiadiazoles (6a-f) and 2-(5-nitro-2-furyl)- and 2-(1-methyl-5-nitro-1 H-imidazol-2-yl)-5-(nitrobenzyl)thio-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives (8a-f) have been synthesized and evaluated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, as part of the TAACF TB screening program under direction of the US National Institute of Health, the NIAID division. Primary screening was conducted at a single concentration, 6.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$mL$^{-1}$ , against M. tuberculosis H$_{37}$ Rv in BACTEC 12B medium, using the Microplate Alamar Blue Assay (MABA). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for the compounds that demonstrated $\geq$90% growth inhibition in the primary screening. A varying degree of antituberculosis activity (from 0-97% of growth inhibition) was observed with the alkylthio series (6a-f), and the nitroimidazole derivative with a propylthio group (6b) and the nitrofuran derivative with a propargylthio group (6e), were the most active compounds (MIC=3.13 and 1.56 /$\mu\textrm{g}$mL$^{-1}$ , respectively). Among the nitrobenzylthio derivatives (8a-f), all the ortho, meta and para nitrobenzyl isomers in the nitrofuran series exhibited good antituberculosis activity (MIC=3.13 $\mu\textrm{g}$mL$^{-1}$ ), while the corresponding nitroimidazole analogues were completely inactive (Inhibition=0%).

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위선세포의 항산화 방어기전으로의 Nitric Oxide의 역할 (Role of Nitric Oxide as an Antioxidant in the Defense of Gastric Cells)

  • 김혜영;이은주;김경환
    • 대한약리학회지
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    • 제32권3호
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    • pp.389-397
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    • 1996

  • 위점막은 위강내에서 생성되는 독성이 강한 활성산소종에 노출된다. Nitric oxide는 glutathione의 항상성을 유지시킴으로써 acetaminophen 유도 간독성에 대한 보호효과를 나타내었다. 본 연구는 hydrogen peroxide로 인한 위선세포 손상에 대한 nitric oxide의 작용을 규명하고자 하였다. Hydrogen peroxide는 ${\beta}-D-glucose$와 glucose oxidase의 반응에 의해 생성시켰으며, 위선세포에 L-arginine, $N^{G}-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester 및 $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$을 전처리 한 후, 세포외로 유리되는 지질과산화물 및 nitrite를 정량하고 세포내 glutathione 함량을 측정하였다. 결과로서, glucose/glucose oxidase를 처리한 경우 glucose oxidase 농도의존적으로 지질과산화물 생성은 증가되었으며, nitrite 유리 및 glutathione 함량은 감소되었다. NO synthase의 기질인 L-arginine 전처리시 glucose/glucose oxidase에 의한 지질과산화 및 nitrite 유리 증가와 세포내 glutathione 감소등이 방지되었다. $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$ methyl ester 및 $N^G-nitro-L-arginine$등 NO synthase 억제제들은 세포손상에 보호효과를 나타내지 않았다. 결론적으로 nitric oxide는 hydrogen peroxide로 인한 세포손상에 대한 보호효과가 없으며, 이는 지질과산화 반응 및 세포내 glutathione 고갈등을 억제시킴으로써 이루어진다고 사료된다.

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甘味劑의 合成

  • 성좌경
    • 대한화학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.20-22
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    • 1949

  • 最近 2-Amino-1-nitrophenol 및 Alkyl ether의 甘味에 對한 News가 傳하여지고 있어 特히 n-Propylether는 의 4,000培의 甘味를 가졌다고한다. 本報에서는 그 合成條件을 檢사하였다. 同時에 2-Amino-4-nitro-toluene 2-Amino-4-nitro benzoic acid를 合成하여 그 甘味를 試驗하였다.

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