• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.577-582
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• 2021

Robot-assisted surgery is evolving to incorporate a higher number of minimally invasive techniques. There is a growing interest in robotic breast reconstruction that uses autologous tissue. Since a traditional latissimus dorsi (LD) flap leads to a long donor scar, which can be an unpleasant burden to patients, there have been many attempts to decrease the scar length using minimally invasive approaches. This study presents the case of a patient who underwent a robot-assisted nipple-sparing mastectomy followed by immediate breast reconstruction with an LD flap using a single-port robotic surgery system. With the assistance of a single-port robot, a simple docking process using a short and less visible incision is possible. Compared to multiport surgery systems, single-port robots can reduce the possibility of collision between robotic arms and provide a clear view of the medial border of the LD where the curvature of the back restricts the visual field. We recommend the use of single-port robots as a minimally invasive approach for harvesting LD flaps.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.72-77
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was carried out to concrete the concept of Hand Gworeum Skin referred in Suwen of Huangdi Neijing. Methods: The Hand Gworeum Meridian was labeled with latex in the body surface of the cadaver, subsequently dissecting a superficial fascia and muscular layer in order to observe internal structures. Results: Skin histologically encompasses a common integument and a immediately below superficial fascia, this study established the skin boundary with adjacent structures such as relative muscle, tendon as its compass. The realm of the Hand Gworeum Skin is as follows: The skin close to the nipple on the 4th intercostal space, the interceps of biceps brachii muscle, the cubital surface at ulnad of bicipital aponeurosis, the anterior surface of the forearm, between flexor carpi radialis and palmaris longus(from wrist crease to 5chon above), the palm between the 3rd and 4th metacarpals on the cross part with the palm crease, the radiod from the middle finger nail(or the end of middle finger). The realm of the Hand Gworeum Skin is situated on between Hand Taeeum Skin and Hand Soeum Skin in front of arm. Conclusion: The realm of Hand Gworeum Skin from the anatomical viewpoint seems to be the skin area outside the superficial fascia or the muscle involved in the pathway of the Hand Gworeum Meridian vessel, Collateral Meridian vessel, and Meridian muscle, being considered adjacent vessels or nerves at the same time.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.103-111
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• 2022

Purpose: This study investigated the physical and emotional health of South Korean mothers of preterm infants in the early postpartum period. Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, the participants included 91 mothers of preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a tertiary hospital in South Korea. Physical health status was measured using a self-reported questionnaire, postpartum depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, anxiety using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and guilt using a 4-item scale. Results: Fatigue had the highest score among mothers' physical health problems, followed by shoulder pain, nipple pain, neck pain. The average postpartum depression score was 11.02 points, and 44% of women had postpartum depression with a score of 12 or above. Postpartum depression significantly was correlated with physical health (r=.35, p=.001), anxiety (r=.84, p<.001), and guilt (r=.75, p<.001) and was significantly higher for women with multiple births, and preterm infants who required ventilator and antibiotic treatment. Anxiety also showed a significant difference according to preterm infants' condition. Conclusion: The significant correlations between postpartum depression and physical health, anxiety, and guilt indicate a need for nursing interventions that provide integrated management of mothers' physical and emotional health.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.369-372
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• 2022

Reduction mammaplasty is the gold standard treatment for gigantomastia. We report one female patient with juvenile gigantomastia associated with severe pulmonary hypertension where her pulmonary pressure decreased significantly after the surgery, improving her quality of life. A 22-year-old female patient with gigantomastia since 10 years old, tricuspid regurgitation, and pulmonary thromboembolism antecedent was admitted to the emergency department. Her oxygen saturation was 89%. Acute heart failure management was initiated. An echocardiogram reported left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) of 70% with severe right heart dilation, contractile dysfunction, and arterial pulmonary pressure (PASP) of 110 mm Hg. A multidisciplinary team considered gigantomastia could generate a restrictive pattern, so a Thorek reduction mammoplasty with Wise pattern was performed. Presurgical measurements were: sternal notch to nipple-areola complex, right 59 cm, left 56 cm. Three days after surgery, the patient could breathe without oxygen support. In the outpatient follow-up, patient referred reduction of her respiratory symptoms and marked improvement in her quality of life. Six months after surgery, a control echocardiogram showed a LVEF of 62% and PASP of 85 mm Hg. Pulmonary hypertension may be present in patients with gigantomastia. Reduction mammoplasty may be a feasible alternative to improve the cardiac signs and symptoms in patients with medical refractory management.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 2023

Objectives: With antibiotic resistance one of the biggest threats to global health, we report a case of surgical site infection (SSI) after breast cancer surgery that improved only with the treatment of Taglisodog-eum (托裏消毒飮), Korean herbal medicine, without the use of antibiotics. Methods: The patient diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ of left breast underwent nipple areola skin sparing mastectomy and reconstruction using deep inferior epigastric perforator flap. About a month later, superficial SSI occurred at the incision site of breast cancer surgery with general weakness, and Taglisodog-eum treatment was started. To evaluate the effectiveness of the treatment, we compared the infection site conditions before and after treatment. Results: About three weeks after taking Taglisodog-eum, the SSI improved along with the improvement of general weakness. Conclusions: This study shows that Taglisodog-eum may be effective for SSI after breast cancer surgery, and the potential for alternatives to reduce antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.137-150
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• 2023

This paper investigated the applicability of polyester yarn coating using ther- moplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE) to replace polyvinyl chloride (PVC) coated yarn for blinds fabric. For this purpose, suitable TPEE for yarn coating was selected by measuring thermal and rheological properties and the yarn coating process conditions were investigated by changing variables such as extrusion temperature, die and nipple dimensions, take-up speed, and core yarn denier. TPEE coated yarns with a diameter of 0.3 and 0.4 mm were prepared, respectively. Tensile properties and cross-section uniformity revealed by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the TPEE coated yarn were analyzed. Among several candidates, TPEE having a melt index of 35 and melting temperature of 153℃ was the most suitable for replacing PVC, and the opti- mum coating conditions for the TPEE coating yarn were a head temperature of 170℃ and core yarn denier of 420 denier. The selected TPEE coated yarns have enough ten- sile strength and uniformity to replace present PVC coated yarns, certified by SEM photograph.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.535-543
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• 2019

Background A high incidence of breast animation deformity (BAD) has been reported following immediate breast reconstruction with subpectorally placed implants. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the incidence of BAD in women who underwent either subpectoral or prepectoral immediate breast reconstruction. Therefore, we developed a grading tool and tested its reproducibility in a clinical setting. Methods Video recordings of 37 women who had undergone unilateral or bilateral immediate breast reconstruction were evaluated by two consultant plastic surgeons. The degree of BAD was assessed by our grading tool, named the Nipple, Surrounding Skin, Entire Breast (NSE) grading scale, which evaluates the degree of tissue distortion in three areas of the breast. Blinded assessments were performed twice by each observer. Results Eighteen patients were reconstructed with subpectoral implant placement and 19 with prepectoral implant placement. Using the NSE grading scale, we found a significant difference in the degree of BAD between the groups, in favor of patients who underwent prepectoral immediate breast reconstruction (0.2 vs. 4, P=0.000). Inter- and intraobserver agreement was moderate (74%) to strong (88%). Conclusions The incidence and severity of BAD was significantly lower in women reconstructed with a prepectorally placed implant than in those who underwent subpectoral immediate breast reconstruction. All patients reconstructed using the subpectoral technique had some degree of BAD. The inter- and intraobserver agreements were high when using the NSE grading scale, suggesting it is an easy-to-use, reproducible scale for assessing BAD in women who undergo immediate breast reconstruction.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.146-151
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• 2018

Background A persistent problem in autologous breast reconstruction in skin-sparing mastectomies is skin restoration after skin necrosis or secondary oncological resection. As a solution to facilitate reconstruction, skin banking of free-flap skin has been proposed in cases where the overlying skin envelope must be resected, as this technique spares the patient an additional donor site. Herein, we present the largest series to date in which this method was used. We investigated its safety and the possibility of skin banking for prolonged periods of time. Methods All skin-sparing mastectomies and immediate autologous breast reconstructions from December 2009 until June 2013 at our institution were analysed. Results We identified 31 patients who underwent 33 free flap reconstructions in which skin banking was performed. Our median skin banking period was 7 days, with a maximum duration of 171 days. In 22.5% of cases, the banked skin was used to reconstruct overlying skin defects, and in 9.6% of cases to reconstruct the nipple-areolar complex. Microbiological and histological investigations of the banked skin revealed neither clinical infections nor malignancies. Conclusions In situ skin banking, even for prolonged periods of time, is a safe and cost-effective method to ensure that skin defects due to necrosis or secondary oncological resection can be easily reconstructed.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.786-794
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to analyze and classify breast shape of women aged 11~15 using 3D body scan data. In this study, 250 women's body scans were selected from the 6th Size Korea dataset, and 30 items from each of the scan were measured using RapidForm XOR 3 program. The principal component analysis and cluster analysis were conducted using statistical program SPSS 17.0. The five principal components were identified; breast drooping and breast capacity, size from chest to under bust area, breast protrusion, breast height, and under breast angle & outer distance of breast. As the results of cluster analysis, woman's breast types were classified into four types. The breast type 1 was protrusion type (25.1%) which is considered as the breast maturity stage. The breast type 2 had the most drooped breast covering a large area (20.2%). The breast type 3 had the least prominent breast with a highest nipple point, which was considered as the early breast development stage (38.9%). The breast type 4 had the obesity of the chest and breast circumferences with the slightly prominent and the least drooped breast (15.8%). This study can provide fundamental information to develop sizing system and brassiere pattern for junior girls.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.331-339
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• 2001

This study was conducted to examine the predicting factors for the intention of breastfeeding with The Theory of Planned Behavior. The questionnaires were distributed to 131 primigravidas who were in their third trimester of pregnancy in Seoul, Kyonggido, Kyongsangbukdo, and Kyongsnagnamdo. Descriptive statistics, Pearsons Correlation and Multiple Regression were used to analyse the data. The subjects showed strong intention of breastfeeding. The subjects showed favorable attitudes toward breastfeeding. This fact showed significant correlation with the belief that their breastfeeding intention was due to the advantage of breast milk for the infant with regard to allergy prevention, disease protection, contribution to intellectual development, psychological closeness between mother and infant, convenience, cost, and the reduction of breast cancer risk and weight of the mother. No item of outcome evaluation did showed significant correlation with behavioral intension. The subjects were influenced about breastfeeding by their referents such as siblings and friends with breastfeeding experience, their mothers and husbands, and mothers-in-law. Most items of the control beliefs had a significant influence on the intention of breastfeeding. The subjects felt they could not control the situation ie. "when I have to breastfeed in public". However they felt they could control the situation ie. "when I suffer from mastitis", "when I have to cut down on coffee, alcohol, and smoking", "when I have Caesarean section", "when I need to maintain breast condition", and "when the infant hates to suck my nipple". Regression analysis revealed that control beliefs and attitudes toward breastfeeding could predict the behavioral intention of breastfeeding. Control beliefs were the most important factor in predicting behavioral intention. Therefore, nutrition education is needed to enhance the ability to cope with difficult situations while breastfeeding and increase faborable attitudes toward breastfeeding.eding and increase faborable attitudes toward breastfeeding.