• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.217-230
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the diet intake status and quality of adults from North Korea who had lived in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, using the nutrition quotient (NQ) for Korean adults. Methods: A number of 166 adults aged from 20 to 64 years were enrolled as study subjects. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on their demographic characteristics, food consumption frequency, eating behaviors, and NQ. The NQ score was then used to measure the overall diet quality. The NQ score was composed of four major age-based categories. 'Balance', 'Diversity', 'Moderation', and 'Dietary behavior' were utilized as scores for measurements within each of the four categories. The scores for all four categories were summed up, resulting in the total NQ score. Participants' age groups were stratified by 20's, 30's, 40', and over 50's. A χ² test and generalized linear regression (GLM) model were used to assess a significance for difference of subject distribution in categorical and continuous variables in the food consumption frequency, eating behaviors, and NQ scores. Results: Participants in younger age groups were more likely to report consumption of ramyeon, fast food, sweet and greasy baked products, processed beverage, delivery food, and night snacks than the older age groups. Most importantly, participants in 20's age group were less likely to report the total NQ and moderation score than the 50's age group. Conclusion: In this study, the 20's age group displayed a lower NQ characteristic for an unbalanced diet. Therefore, it is imperative for adults from North Korea to be given individualized diet instructions along with nutritional education programs.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.163-179
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to compare the dietary behaviors and snack intake between Korean and Chinese university students. The total number of participants was 520, with 267 Korean college students in Seoul and 253 Chinese college students in Shandong Province. According to the results, the most frequent place of residence was their own house for Korean students and the dormitory for Chinese students. As for healthy life behavior, Chinese university students as compared to Korean students showed a higher tendency of exercising, and lower levels of drinking, smoking, and caffeine intake. The frequency of snack intake was about 1 to 3 times a week for both Korean and Chinese college students, and the frequency of night eating was higher among Korean students than among Chinese students. The overall dietary evaluation score was higher for Chinese students than for Korean students. This study compared the overall eating habits of Korean and Chinese college students and tried to provide useful basic data for the development of educational programs that can form desirable eating habits for the health of college students in both countries.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.215-229
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• 2013

This study compared and examined the dietary behavior and food frequency of 100 female workers in their 20s who work night and day shifts at take-out coffee shops and 100 female office workers. The results of the study can be summarized as the following. The experimental group showed lower rates of income, tenure of office, sleeping hours, and frequency of exercise(p<0.001), and higher rates of gastric and intestinal illnesses, weight fluctuates, and smoking(p<0.001) than the control group. More than 83% of the experimental group(p<0.001) answered that they eat alone(p<0.001). The experimental group showed lower rates of regularity of meal and balanced diet(p<0.001), and higher rates of overeating(p<0.01), skipping breakfast and eating late-at-night(p<0.001) than the control group. The experimental group consumed less frequently rice, meat, fish, egg, bean, kimchi, vegetables and fruit(p<0.001), and more frequently noodles, bread, cereal, seaweed, milk, coffee and alcohol(p<0.001) than the control group.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2012

Objectives : We investigated the prevalence and composite score of the neuropsychiatric symptoms in patients with mild cognitive impairment(MCI), and dementia of Alzheimer's type(AD). The aim of this study is to analyze the correlation between the result of Korean Neuropsychiatric Inventory(K-NPI) and cognitive function. Methods : A total of 163 patients diagnosed with MCI or AD was divided into three groups(55 MCI patients, 56 dementia patients with mild stage, and 52 dementia patients with moderate, severe stage). We examined neuro-psychiatric symptoms by K-NPI and compared the prevalence and composite score of each subdomain in K-NPI among three groups. Results : The most common symptoms in the MCI group were depression/dysphoria, sleep/night-time behavior, anxiety, and irritability/lability. In mild AD group, the most frequent disturbance was agitation/aggression, depression/dysphoria, anxiety, apathy/indifference, and sleep/night-time behavior. In moderate to severe AD group, the most frequent disturbance was apathy/indifference, depression/dysphoria, agitation/aggression, and delusion. The frequencies of delusion, hallucination, agitation/aggression, apathy/indifference, aberrant motor behavior, appetite/eating change were statistically significant. The total NPI score showed a negative correlation with MMSE-KC and a positive correlation with GDS. Conclusions : Neuropsychiatric symptoms are common features of MCI and AD. These symptoms observed in MCI are similar to those of mild AD. Psychosis is most common in moderate to severe AD, leading to a faster rate of cognitive decline. Therefore, proper management according to the neuropsychiatric symptoms of MCI and three stages of dementia is needed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.1005-1015
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• 2009

Two experiments were carried out to determine the utility of sainfoin hay, a temperate tanniferous forage legume, as a dietary supplement for grass-fed cows. The condensed tannins (CT) of sainfoin might counteract the typical metabolic ammonia load of cows in intensive grazing systems. Furthermore, the physical fibrousness of sainfoin might improve ruminal pH stability. In the preliminary experiment, the eating rate of non-lactating Holstein cows of two tanniferous hays, sainfoin and birdsfoot trefoil, was compared to that of a grass-clover hay after specific periods of time (n = 4). The eating rate of sainfoin was superior to that of the other forages. In the main experiment, designed as a replicated 3${\times}$3 Latin square, six ruminally-cannulated, lactating Red Holstein cows received grass, concentrate and either no supplementation, 3 kg/d of grass hay or 3 kg/d of sainfoin hay (n = 6). Measured intakes of the grass hay and the sainfoin hay were 2.0 and 1.5 kg DM, and two cows entirely refused to eat the sainfoin hay and had to be excluded from data analysis. Grass DMI was similar for cows supplemented with sainfoin hay and cows fed only grass whereas intake of concentrate was higher (p<0.01) for the latter treatment. Continuous measurement of ruminal pH showed that the minimum pH at night tended to be lower (p<0.10) with grass-only feeding compared to sainfoin supplementation, but pH did not decline below the threshold of subacute acidosis for a longer period of time. The slightly higher intake of nitrogen (N) for cows supplemented with sainfoin hay (413 g/d) compared to cows fed only grass (399 g/d) was accompanied by an increased (p<0.05) fecal N excretion and a tendency for an increased (p<0.10) urinary N excretion. Ruminal ammonia concentration, as well as plasma and milk urea, were not affected by sainfoin supplementation. In conclusion, the lack of positive effects typical for CT might be explained either by the limited CT content of this plant species (55 g/kg DM) or the relatively low proportion of sainfoin in the total diet or both. Moreover, due to the unexpected low grass quality, the general ammonia load might have been too low for CT to have an impact.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.288-302
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• 2020

Purpose: This study examined the factors related to skipping breakfast in high school girls. Methods: A survey of a total of 581 high school girls residing in Incheon was conducted. The subjects were classified into 2 groups according to the breakfast frequency: "breakfast skipping" group (eating breakfast ≤ 2 times/week, n = 250) and "breakfast eating" group (eating breakfast ≥ 3 times/week, n = 331). This study compared the general characteristics, lifestyles, interest in weight control and beauty care, food habits, the reasons and symptoms of skipping breakfast, as well as the attitude toward breakfast between the 2 groups. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 16.5 years old. Approximately, 33.9%, 33.6%, and 32.5% of the subjects were in first grade, second grade, and third grade, respectively, with no significant difference between the 2 groups. The breakfast skipping group showed a high interest in weight control, and beauty care than the breakfast eating group. The breakfast skipping group consumed more afternoon snacks and late-night snacks, and ate dinner irregularly. Although the breakfast skipping group experienced the negative effects of skipping breakfast, they showed low recognition for the importance or role of breakfast. The most common reason for skipping breakfast was lack of time, which appears to be related to the late wake-up time and the time spent on make-up or beauty-care. Conclusion: Skipping breakfast by high school girls was related to a high interest in beauty care, irregular meals and low attitude toward the importance of breakfast for health and nutrition. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct nutrition education to change the perceptions and attitudes of female adolescents regarding the importance of breakfast by recognizing that breakfast can affect not only balanced nutrition and health, but also healthy physical beauty.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2006

1. Objectives There are many studies on the ordinary symptoms based on Sasang constitution. But there. are not quite satisfactory between the types of Sasang constitution. So This study is for learning the characteristics of ordinary symptoms depending on Soyangin Soeumin and Taeyangin Taeumin of the Sasang constitution. 2. Methods One thousand and two hundred twenty nine subjects were included in Bundang Oriental Hospital of Dongguk University. We classified them into the each type of Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM) by the well-trained SCM specialist, and assessed their ordinary features by the questionnaire. Binary logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate the influence of ordinary features to the diagnosis of SCM. 3. Results (1) Compared to Taeyangin Taeumin, Soyangin Soeumin do not sweat a lot. Even if Soyangin Soeumifl do sweat, one does not feel refreshed. Soyangin Soeumin do not sweat while sleeping at night nor eating meals, but discharges cold sweat if one does not feel well. (2) Compared to Taeyangin Taeumin, Soyangin Soeumin go to stool less frequently and have diarrhea when one does not feel well. Soyangin Soeumin do not feel irritated even though one is not able to go to stool for one day. (3) Compared to Taeyangin Taeumin, Soyangin Soeumin do not have foams in urine. (4) Compared to Taeyangin Taeumin, Soyangin Soeumin tend to eat slow, do not eat a lot normally, do not have a great appetite, have problems for digestion, and especially have difficulties in digestion when one is stressed. 4. Conclusions We found that Taeyangin Taeumin and Soyangin Soeumin have characteristics of ordinary symptoms, but partly there are not in accoradance with ones what Lee ]e-Ma said in his book. So in future we hope clinical studies are required steadily.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.941-948
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• 2020

Objective: This study was carried out to determine the effects of elevated dietary cation and anion difference (DCAD) on dry matter intake (DMI) and ruminal fermentation pattern in lactating dairy goats under tropical conditions. Methods: Ten dairy goats were divided into two groups of five animals each. The groups received diets at different DCAD levels, either a control diet (22.81 mEq/100 g dry matter [DM], DCAD-23) or a DCAD-39 diet (39.08 mEq/100 g DM, DCAD-39). After parturition, DMI and water intake were recorded daily. Ruminal fluid and urine were collected, and nutrient digestibility measurements were carried out at 8th weeks postpartum (PP-8). Blood samples were collected at PP-4 and PP-8 to measure plasma leptin. Results: Dry matter intake/body weight (DMI/BW) at PP-8 of the animals fed the DCAD-39 diet was significantly higher than those fed with DCAD-23 diet (p<0.05). Animals fed with DCAD-39 consumed more water than those fed DCAD-23 over 24 h, particularly at night (p<0.05). Ruminal pH, acetate concentration, and urinary allantoin excretion increased with the DCAD-39 diet, whereas ruminal butyrate concentration was lower with the DCAD-39 diet. On the other hand, other ruminal parameters, such as total volatile fatty acid concentration, propionate molar proportion and acetate/propionate average ratio, were not affected by increased DCAD supplementation. Apparent digestibility was improved by increased DCAD supplementation. Plasma leptin concentration was higher with DCAD supplementation. Conclusion: When feeding goats with DCAD-39 under tropical conditions, an increase in DMI was associated with improved apparent digestibility of nutrients, ruminal fermentation and microbial protein synthesis. An increase in plasma leptin concentration could not explain the effect of high DCAD on DMI.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.982-989
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• 2004

The following is the conclusion drawn from a review on the clinical cases cured by Jaeumkangwha-tang in perspective of Hyungsang medicine. Jaeumkangwha-tang originated from the modified Jibaiksamul-tang in 'Manbyunghuichun(萬病回春)' and applied to the diseases induced by flaming fire due to deficiency of Yin. In 'Donguibogam', there are two kinds of Jaeumkangwha-tang. One in the chapter of kidney is mainly prescribed to replenish the Jung of kidney and applicable to the cases with configuration and symptom of kidney along with fire. The other one in the chapter of fire is applied to the symptoms of flaming fire due to deficiency of Yin. The characteristics of the patients treated by Jaeumkangwha-tang from the viewpoint of Hyungsang medicine can be classified as follows : ① configuration: Dam type, Shin type, inverted triangular type(:天垂象), bird type, round eyes, thin lips, slender waist, thin leg, pretty face, sparkling eyes, prominent upper lip and upward eyes and nose. ② color : dark red complexion, red cheek bone, red lips and red glabella. ③ pulse : fine and fast pulse and pulsation on the Chuk(尺) in man and so forth. ④ symptoms: agility, talkativeness, pimpled face, crooked back, weakness to the heat of summer, light eating, timidity, blood-shot eyes, night sweat, cough, abundant phlegm, hemoptysis, bloody spittle, enervation, emaciation, back pain, flaccidity of lower limbs, involuntary emission, nocturnal emission, heat sensation in the chest palms and soles, anger, flush on cheek bone, red lips and dry mouth, reddish tongue, stiff excrement, scanty yellow urine, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.320-330
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• 2001

This study was to obtain information about the dietary habits, the dietary attitudes, nutrition knowledge, and the food consumption of middle school students and to assess relationships between the dietary habits, the dietary attitudes, and nutrition knowledge of middle school students. Data were collected from 390 middle school students in Kimcheon. In the dietary habits, the regularity of breakfast showed the highest point and the snack consumption showed the lowest point. Female students were lower in the regularity of breakfast, and male students were higher in overeating of dinner and night. In the dietary attitudes and the perceived importance of nutrition, male students showed more favorable attitudes and perceived more importance of nutrition. In the nutrition knowledge, the responses to items 'Cola or cider doesn't have calories' and 'An egg contains lots of cholesterol' were the lowest point. Female students had higher knowledge than male students. In the food intake, grains, milk.yogurt.cheese, and fruits were always eaten or frequently eaten. While fast food, spicy and salty food, seaweeds, carbonated drinks, and yellow or green vegetables were eaten in lower frequency than other foods. Male students consumed more meat.ham.egg.fish, fried.stir-fried food, fast food, carbonated drinks, and spicy and salty food than female students. The correlation between dietary attitudes and dietary habits was statistically significant. The correlation between dietary attitudes and the perceived importance of nutrition was statistically significant. But the correlation between dietary attitudes and nutrition knowledge was statistically significant for female students, not significant for male students. Nutrition knowledge was related to the perceived importance of nutrition. It might be suggested that effective nutrition education program might be developed and implemented to ensure the good eating behaviors of middle school students.