• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.990-996
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• 2004

5,8-Quinazolinediones modified at positions 6 and 7 were synthesized and tested for in vitro antifungal activities against Candida species and Aspergillus niger. Most of 5,8-quinazolinediones 3-5 generally exhibited potent antifungal activity. 6-Arylamino-7-chloro-5,8-quinazolinediones (3) generally showed more potent antifungal activity than 7-arylthio-5,8-quinzolinediones (4) and 6,7-bis-(arylthio)-5,8-quinazolinediones (5).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.9-14
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• 1973

Author investigated fluorence antibody reaction for the antigenic relationships between Asp niger group, Asp flavus and Asp parasiticus which was indicated as follows: 1. It was concluded that there are complete differences in the antigenic properties each other because it has not cross reaction, therefore identification of strains will be simpley classified. 2. A complete cross reaction between Asp flavus and Asp parasitic us in the Asp flavus groups existed, accordingly this reaction could not identified the strain and classified between Asp. flavus and Asp. parasiticus. 3. This experiment also followed with the separated each strains from the origin (Meju, Nuruk, ATCC, NRRL), but there no differences. From the above results, this method could be classified between Asp flavus group and Asp niger group in the genus Aspergillus, but classification of Asp. flavus and Asp. parasiticus should hardely conclude with this method.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.280-285
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• 1987

There are three plausible bioconversion pathways in biodegradation mechanism of capsaicinoids; first, side chain degradation through $\omega$-hydroxylation and $\beta$-oxidation, secondly, aromatic ring hydroxylation, and lastly, hydrolysis on the acidaraide linkage. In microbes, it was reported that capsaicin and its synthetic, analog, nonoylvanillylamide(NVA), could be metabolized to N-vanillylcarbamoylbutyric acid via $\omega$-hydroxylation and consecutive $\beta$-oxidations by Aspergillus niger. In order to broaden the scope of microbial degradation of capsaicinoids, over thirty strains of various fungi including Aspergillus, Penicillum, Mycotypha, Gliocladium, Paecilomyces, Byssoclamys, Conidiobolus, Thamnidium, and Entomophthora. It was observed that almost all the strains examined oxidized, the side chain of capsaicids as A. niger did. These observations strongly support the notion that side chain degradation is the most dominant pathway in the microbial degradation of capsaicinoids.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.97-107
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• 1972

Thirty-three Mannich bases of 2,2'-methylene bis(3,4,6-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid) were synthesized as potential antimicrobial agents and tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum gypseum, Epidermophyton floccosum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae in vitro. It was found that: 1) Compounds 24 and 22 were active against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis at the concn. of 1 $\mu$g/ml respectively; 2) Compounds 9 and 29 were active against Trichophyton rubrum at the concn. of 2 $\mu$g/ml respectively; 3) Compouns 9 and 30 were active against Microsporum gypseum at the concn. of 2 $\mu$g/ml respectively; 4) Compounds 6,9,13,15,21,28,29,31,33 and 34 were active against Epidermophyton floccosum at the concn. of 1 $\mu$g/ml respectively; 5) Compounds 6,9,18 and 28 were active against Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus oryzae at the concn. of 1 $\mu$g/ml respectively.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.327-330
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• 1993

A series of 2-chloro and 2-bromo-3-(substituted)-1, 4-naphthalenedione derivatives (1-25) were tested for antifungal and antibacterial activities in vitro against Candida albicans 10231 aand Local, Aspergillus niger KCTC 1231, Tricophyton mentagrophytes KCTC 6085, Fusarium oxysporium KTCC 6501, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Pseudomonas arruginosa NCTC 10490, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6358p, Escherichia coli NIHJ and Acinetobacter baumanii Local. The MiC values were determined by twofold afar diution/streak method. Among thee derivatives, 1, 9, 20, 21, 23 and 25 showed more potent antifungal activities than fluconazole. 20 and 23 completely inhibited the gorwth of fungi, such as Candida albicans, Aspegillus niger, Ticophyton mentagrophytes and fusarium oxysporium, at $3.2\;\mu{g/ml}$. Also some derivatives had the antibacterial activities against Gram-positive bacteria.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.750-755
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• 2005

A series of 2-arylamino-5-hydroxy-naphthalene-1,4-diones, 3-arylamino-5-methoxy-naphthalene-1,4-diones, and 2-arylamino-3chloro-5-hydroxy-naphthalene-1,4-diones were synthesized and tested for in vitro antifungal activity against the species Candida and Aspergillus niger. Among those tested, 3-arylamino-5-methoxy-naphthalene-1,4-diones exhibited potent antifungal activity. In general, the 3-arylamino-5-methoxy-naphthalene-1,4-diones showed more potent antifungal activity than the 2-arylamino-5-hydroxy-naphthalene-1,4-diones and the 2-arylamino-3-chloro-5-hydroxy-naphthalene-1,4-diones.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.191-202
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• 2000

A taxonomic study of the Oxyporinae including a single genus Oxyporus Fabricius in Korea is presented. Members of the genus are known to be obligate inhabitants on fleshy mushrooms. They are characterized by crescent-shaped last labial palpomere. Nine species are recognized, five of which are reported for the first time in Korea (Oxyporus basicornis Cameron, O. basiventris Jarrige, O. crocatus Fauvel, O. niger Sharp, O. triangulum Sharp). The illustrations, descriptions, and key to the Korean species of the Oxyporinae are presented.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.161-163
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• 1993

In order to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of 2,3-disubstituted-1,4-naphthalenedione derivatives, we synthesized several 2-chloro, 2-bromo and 2-hydroxy-3(substituted)-1, 4-naphthalene-diones (1-25). These derivatives were tested for antifugal and antibacterial activities, in vitro, against Candida albicans 10231 and local, Aspergillus niger KCTC 1231, Tricophyton mentagrophytes KCTC 6085, Baciilus subtilis ACTT 6633, Pseudomonas aeruginsa NCTC 10490, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Escherichia coli NIHJ. The MIC values were determined by the two-fold agar dilution/strea method. Among these derivatives, 4, 5 and 6 showed the potent antifungal activities. Also 5 and 6 had the antibacterial activities. 5 with (1,2,4-triazolyl)-amino moirty was the most effective in preventing the growth of fungi, such as Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Tricophyton mentagrophytes.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.353.2-353.2
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• 2002

5-Arylamino-6-chloro-4.7-dioxoindazoles (DZs) were newly synthesized for the evaluation of antifungal activities. The compounds DZs were prepared by regioselective nucleophilic substitution of 5.6-dichloro-4.7-dioxoindazoles with appropriate arylamines in high yield. DZs were tested for their growth inhibitory activities against Candida species and Aspergillus niger. The MIC values were determined by the two-fold dilution method. In general. DZs showed in vitro antifungal activities. Among the tested compounds, DZ1, 3, 6, 7 and 12 showed potent antifungal activities against Candida species and Aspergillus niger. DZ7 was the most effective in preventing the growth of Candida species.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.316-322
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• 1993

Examination by scanning electron microscopy and potato-dextrose agar medium showed that the dry seeds of R. raetam were externally free of fungi. When planted in sandy loam soil, the seeds become colonized with eleven soilborne fungal species. The fungi were isolated on cellulose agar, pectin agar and lignin agar media. Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Penicillium capsulatum and Fusarium oxysporum had broad occurrence and recovered on the three media. The production of hydrolytic enzymes by the isolated fungi depends on the substrate and species. P. capsulatum, P. spinulosum and A. niger had wide enzymatic amplitude and they were able to produce cellulolytic, pectolytic and lignolytic activities on corresponding substrates as well as on seed coat containing media. The lignolytic activities of the isolated species except Chaetomium bostrychods and Trichoderma viride were enhanced on applying the seed coat materials as C-source rather than using lignin. Soaking R. raetam seeds in culture filtrates of the most fungi grown on seed coat supplemented media induced pronounced and distinct stimulating effect on seed germination. The most effective filtrates were those of P. capsulatum, P. spinulosum and Sporotrichum pulverulentum.