• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.36-46
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• 2024

니켈계 내열합금인 인코넬 713C 스크랩으로부터 니켈을 회수하는 습식제련 기반 재활용공정을 연구하였다. 개발공정은 i) 고온전처리 스크랩의 파분쇄, ii) 황산침출, iii) 미반응 산, 몰리브데늄, 알루미늄의 용매추출과 크롬의 침전분리, iv) 진공증발결정화를 통한 황산니켈 제조, 그리고 v) 니켈의 전해채취 순서로 진행되었다. 75 #x339B; 이하로 용이하게 파분쇄가 가능한 니켈-알루미늄 금속간화합물(Ni₂Al₃)를 건식제련 전처리로 제조하고 황산침출에 사용하였다. 황산 농도 2 mol/L, 고액비 20 g/L, 침출 온도 80 ℃ 조건에서 2시간 동안 침출을 실시하여 몰리브데늄은 28 %, 니켈과 알루미늄은 98 % 이상의 침출율을 얻었다. 침출액으로부터 황산니켈을 회수하기 위하여 용매추출과 침전법을 활용하여 몰리브데늄, 알루미늄은 99 % 이상, 크롬은 93 % 제거하고 2.34 g/L 농도의 황산니켈 수용액을 얻었다. 이의 진공증발결정화를 통해 얻어진 황산니켈수화물을 이용해 니켈 전해채취를 실시하여 99.9 % 순도의 금속 니켈을 제조하였다. 이때 음극 전해액 pH 조절을 위해 음이온 교환막이 장착된 전해셀을 이용하였으나 교환막은 기대한 원리대로 작동하지 않았으며 이에 따라 73.3 %의 낮은 전류효율을 나타내었다.

• 약학회지
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• 제52권5호
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• pp.361-369
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• 2008

In order to evaluate the cytotoxicity of chromium trioxide, and the cell regenerative effect of phenolic acid against chromium trioxide-induced cytotoxicity, cell viability, cell adhesion activity, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, and morphological changes of cells were performed in these cultures. The toxicity of chromium trioxide (${IC}_{50}$, 44.0 ${\mu}M$) was high according to the toxic criteria. Cell regeneration of benzoic acid derivatives against ${IC}_{50}$ value of chromium trioxide in cell morphology was increased in concentration-dependent manner. These results suggest that benzoic acid derivatives may be used as a cell regenerative agent against chromium-mediated cytotoxicity.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2024

사용 연령이 만 4 세 이상부터 표시된 어린이 화장품세트 4 건을 온라인으로 구매하였으며 각 구성품 81 건을 대상으로 납, 카드뮴, 비소, 안티몬, 니켈, 코발트, 구리, 크롬 및 수은의 함량을 inductive coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP - MS)로 분석하였다. 어린이 화장품의 중금속 평균값은 납 0.82 ㎍/g, 카드뮴 0.03 ㎍/g, 비소 0.97 ㎍/g, 안티몬 0.52 ㎍/g, 니켈 2.32 ㎍/g, 수은 0.01 ㎍/g으로 모든 제품에서 허용 기준보다 낮았다. 국산과 수입산의 비교 결과, 국산보다는 수입산에서 납, 안티몬, 코발트, 구리의 평균값이 높게 검출되었다(p < 0.05). 화장품 유형에 따른 중금속 평균값은 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였는데(p < 0.05) 아이새도에서 비소 2.47 ㎍/g, 니켈 6.36 ㎍/g, 크롬 11.06 ㎍/g으로 평균값이 가장 높게 나왔으며, 볼연지에서 납 1.20 ㎍/g, 안티몬 1.17 ㎍/g, 구리 23.60 ㎍/g으로 가장 높게 나왔다. 분석된 81 건의 어린이 화장품에 대한 코발트의 검출 수준은 불검출 ~ 5.23 ㎍/g, 구리는 불검출 ~ 379.61 ㎍/g, 크롬은 불검출 ~ 36.95 ㎍/g이었다. 브라운 색상의 화장품은 니켈과 코발트에서 평균값이 높게 검출되었으며, 퍼플 색상은 납과 크롬에서 높게 검출되었다.

• 한국미생물생명공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국미생물생명공학회 1979년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.115.3-115
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• 1979

중금속을 함유한 13종의 질산염을 명 농도별로 첨가하여 주정효모 Saccharomyces cerevisine의 주정생산과 발효작용에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 1. 일반적으로 중금속을 함유한 질산염은 그 첨가량이 0.0001mo1. 보다 고농도일수록 Saccharo-myces cerevisiae의 발효작용을 점차 억제하였다. 2. Nickel nitrate, chromium nitrate들의 0.0001 moi.의 첨가는 Saccharomyces cerevisiae의 alcohol 발효작용을 약간촉진시켰다. 3. Cadmium nitrate 0.001mo1. 이상, cupric nit-rate, nickel nitrate, cobalt nitrate 0.01mo1. 이상, 그리고 silver nitrate, mercurous nitrate, manganese nitrate, zinc nitrate, lead nitrate, chromiun nitrate, ferric nitrate, bismuth nitrate 0.1mol. 의 농도에서 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 의 발효작용은 완전히 조지되었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.209-223
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• 1998

The aim of this study was to evaluate welders' exposure to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) and nickel (Ni) during welding operations in a Korean shipyard. The airborne Cr(VI) and Ni concentrations were measured during metal inert gas (MIG) welding on mild and stainless steel, and manual metal arc (MMA) welding on mild steel. The geometric mean (GM) of Cr(VI) concentrations inside the welding helmet during MIG welding on mild steel were $0.0018mg/m^3$ inside a ship section, and $0.0015-0.0026mg/m^3$ at the welding shops. All of the personal breathing zone air samples were below the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) Threshold Limit Value ($TLV^{(R)}$) of $0.01mg/m^3$. Conversely, eighty-eight percent(21 of 24) of the personal breathing zone air samples exceeded the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) recommended exposure limit of $0.001mg/m^3$. Ni was not detected on 20 of 23 air samples collected during MIG welding on mild steel. The three Ni samples above the limit of detection ranged from 0.015 to $0.044mg/m^3$. The GM of Cr(VI) concentrations during MMA welding on mild steel were $0.0013mg/m^3$, but Ni was not detected in the air samples during this operation. It is assumed that the airborne Cr(VI) and Ni during mild steel welding were derived from the base metals which contained about 0.03% Cr and 0.03% Ni. The GM of airborne total Cr, Cr(VI) and Ni concentrations during MIG welding on stainless steel were 4.02, 0.13 and $0.86mg/m^3$, respectively, and the levels of Cr(VI) and Ni were above the ACGIH-$TLV^{(R)}$. Cr(VI) comprised about 35.5% of the total chromium(Cr) from MIG welding on mild steel, and about 8.4% of total Cr from MIG welding on stainless steel. The ratios of Cr(VI) to total Cr were significantly different among welding shops. It was concluded that welders were exposed to high levels of Cr(VI) and Ni during welding on stainless steel, and were exposed to low levels of Cr(VI) even during welding on mild steel.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2011

Objectives: This study was conducted to evaluate the exposure level of hazardous chemical agents for dental technicians in Ulsan. Methods: We measured airborne total dusts and metals such as Nickel, Manganese, Cobalt, and Chromium in 10 dental laboratories by the NIOSH Methods 0500 and 7300, respectively. Methyl methacrylate (MMA), a key ingredient in acrylic resin, was also monitored using passive samplers for long-term sampling and Tenax tubes for short-term sampling. Results: Measured levels of all items were below 10% of the Korean exposure limit except for Nickel. The geometric mean concentration and geometric standard deviation of total dust, Nickel, and MMA were $0.14mg/m^3$ (2.16), $165.3{\mu}g/m^3$ (3.31), and 0.2 ppm (2.5) respectively. Airborne Nickel concentration of two dental laboratories exceeded the exposure limit ($1000{\mu}g/m^3$). The major emission sources of Nickel were metal trimming and casting processes. Conclusions: We found that Nickel, a carcinogen, should be controled most urgently to protect dental technicians.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2015

Nickel is a commercially important and versatile element in electroplating. The applications of nickel electroplating fall into three main categories: decorative, functional and electroforming. In decorative applications, electroplated nickel is most often applied in combination with electrodeposited chromium. Nickel is deposited on surfaces to improve corrosion and wear resistance or modify magnetic and other properties. Electroforming is electroplating applied to the fabrication of products of various kinds. Nickel is deposited onto a substrate and then removed from it to create a part made entirely of nickel. In this study, mechanical property of Ni electrodeposits in various manufacturing condition such as temperature, current density, pH and electrolyte content, was investigated to understand effect of electrolysis condition on mechanical property. Vickers hardness increased as the temperature and pH increased and current density and electrolyte content decreased and pH increased. The results were explained by cathode overvoltage and hydrogen evolution.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.1002-1008
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• 1999

Essential metabolic functions have been identified for seven macrominerals (calcirum, phosprorus, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chloride, and sulfur), and eight microminerals (cobalt, copper, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, and zinc). Major functions for each of these minerals are summarized. Considerable research suggests that chromium is also essential and that it functions by facilitating insulin activity. Studies are reviewed which indicate that chromium supplementation of animal diets may: 1) increase glucose removal from blood, 2) reduce carcass fat and increase lean in nonruminants, 3) alter egg cholesterol content, and 4) enhance immunity and disease resistance in ruminants. A number of other minerals including nickel, boron, vanadium, arsenic, silicon, lithum, and lead have been reported to be essential, but specific metabolic functions have not been defined for any of these elements. Limited research in poultry suggests that boron may be of practical significance in some instances.

• 한국분말야금학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국분말야금학회 2006년도 Extended Abstracts of 2006 POWDER METALLURGY World Congress Part 1
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• pp.631-632
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• 2006

Cr-C-Ni composites were synthesized in situ from elemental powders of Cr, Ni and C by high energy milling followed by reactive sintering. The milled powders with the grain size in nano-scale were pressed to compacts and sintered. During the following thermal treatment at first the chromium carbide was formed and then the $Cr_3C_2-Ni$ cermets were sintered in one cycle. The interface between the binder phase and the carbide grains of the in situ composite has a good bonding strength as it is not contaminated with oxidation films or other detrimental surface reactions.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제19권12호통권151호
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• pp.1017-1026
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• 1981