• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ni-Cd

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Trace Metals of Suspended Particulate Matters in the Keum River (금강 부유물중 미량 금속의 함량과 이동)

  • 최만식;이창복
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • v.30 no.5
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    • pp.371-381
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    • 1995
  • To investigate the concentrations and transport patterns of particulate metals in river suspended matters, eighteen samples were collected from a fixed station located in the upper part of the Keum River through one year, and analysed for major elements (AI, Fe, P, Mn) and trace elements (Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, U). The contents of metals in suspended particulate matters (SPM) varied greatly with season and SPM load; maximum value in winter with low SPM level and minimum value in flood period and in spring Yangtze SPMs. The different trace metal level between rivers of Korea and China may be caused by the different geology of drainage basin(U) and by the different extent of anthropogenic input (Mn, Pb). Most of all particulate metals (>70%) except Mn, P and Cd were transported in the flood period with high water discharge and high suspended load. The magnitude of each transport phase (dissolved, non-detrital and detrital metals) was compared. The portions of labile metals (dissolved plus non-detrital metals) in the aquatic environment were in the range of 50%(Co) to 92%(Mn) of total metal transport and in the rank of Mn>Cd, U>Cu>Zn>Ni>Pb>Co.

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Phytoremediation Technology with Using Water Celery (Oenanthe stolonifer DC.) to Clean up Heavy Metals in the Contaminated Wastewater (미나리 재배에 의한 중금속 오염수의 식물정화)

  • Park, Jong-Sun;Han, Sung-Su;Yoon, Duck-Joong;Shin, Joung-Du
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.122-129
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    • 2002
  • The removal rate of heavy metals from the wastewater, the accumulation and translocation of heavy metals in plants after transplanting, and the responses of water celery growth with different wastewater treatments were investigated to determine the potential ability of green-remediation with hydroponic culture of water celery. The removal rate and translocation of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb from different wastewater to plants were compared with cultivation periods after transplanting. The removal rate of heavy metals from wastewater was different with each treatment but increased with growing periods of water celery plants. The removal rate of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb in Artificial solution, Artificial solution+EDTA, Munmark industrical wastewater, Jungsun minewater is ranged from 22 to 73%, from 28 to 100%, from 13 to 92% and from 41 to 100% at 6 days after transplanting, respectively. The translocations of Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb from roots to shoots in Artificial solution, Artificial solution+EDTA, Munmark industrical wastewater, Jungsun minewater are ranged from 14 to 28%. 8 to 30%. from 28 to 45% and from 2 to 15% at 12 days after transplanting, respectively. In plant growth responses, it appears to be inhibited the plant growth over all treatments excepts for Munmark industrial wastewater in these glowing periods. Therefore the water celery might play a useful role in phytoremediation to clean up wastewater contaminated with Cd, Cu, Ni or Pb.

A Study on the Separation of Cadmium from Waste Ni-Cd Secondary Batteries by Ion Substitution Reaction (이온치환 반응을 이용한 니켈-카드뮴 폐이차전지에서 카드뮴의 분리에 대한 연구)

  • Kim, Dae-Weon;Park, Il-Jeong;Ahn, Nak-Kyoon;Jeong, Hang-Chul;Jung, Soo-Hoon;Choi, Joong-Yup;Yang, Dae-Hoon
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.36-43
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    • 2018
  • In order to recycle waste nickel-cadmium batteries, cadmium was selectively removed by ion substitution reaction so that cadmium and nickel could be separated efficiently. The electrode powder obtained by crushing the electrode in the waste nickelcadmium battery was leached with sulfuric acid. The cadmium in the nickel-cadmium solution was precipitated with cadmium sulfide by the addition of sodium sulfide. Ion substitution experiments were carried out under various conditions. At the optimum condition with pH = -0.1 and $Na_2S/Cd=2.3$ at room temperature, the residual Cd in the solution was about 100 ppm, and most of it was precipitated with CdS.

Trace Metals of Ambient TSP in Daegu Area (대구지역 총 부유분진중 중금속)

  • 이찬형
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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    • v.29 no.1
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    • pp.67-73
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    • 2003
  • This study was carried out to characterize the behavior and sources of particulate trace metal in Daegu city. TSP (Total Suspended Particulate matter) was collected by filters on High Volume Air Sampler from the four areal (reference, residential, commercial, industrial area). The moult were analyzed by AAS after preliminary treatment. The average centration trend of trace metals contained in TSP was shown as follows : Fe > Cu > Pb > Mn > Ni > Cr > Cd. The trace metals showed the highest concentration in the industrial area. This study showed the seasonal variation of trace metals. Fe and Mn showed high concentration in spring, whereas Cr, Ni, Cd and Pb showed high concentration in winter. Also this study showed the regional variation of trace metals. The order of the average concentration of trace metals was : industrial > commercial > residential > reference area. Using Mn as a reference element, the enrichment factor analysis were used for identifying the trace element contributors. The enrichment factors of Cr, Fe < 10 were considered to have a significant dust and soil source and termed nonenriched. Pb, Cd, Cu >>10 were enriched and had a significant fraction which was contributed by anthropogenic sources.

Experiences with Some Toxic and Relatively Accessible Heavy Metals on the Survival and Biomass Production of Amphora costata W. Smith

  • Mandal, Subir Kumar;Joshi, Vithaldas Hemantkumar;Bhatt, Devabratta Chandrashanker;Jha, Bhavanath;Ishimaru, Takashi
    • ALGAE
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.471-477
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    • 2006
  • Amphora costata W. Smith 1853 is a down thrown diatom species and also known as metal corrosive ship-fouling organism. A. costata was isolated from Alang ship breaking yard, Alang and evaluated the toxicity tolerance and growth responses of the cultures exposed to different doses of toxic and relatively accessible heavy metals, such as Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Cu, Zn, Ni, and Pb in the constantly monitored laboratory culture conditions. The strongest toxic effect was observed on A. costata exposed to Cd even at relatively low concentrations as compared to other metals. The following trend of decreasing order of toxicity i.e. Cd>Zn>Ni>Co>Pb>Cu>Fe was observed, when they were exposed to equal concentration and expose time.

The Distribution of Heavy Metals in the Surface Waters and Sediments of Gaduk Channel in Jinhae Bay, Korea (진해만의 가덕수도 표층수와 표층 퇴적물 중의 중금속 분포)

  • Kim, Kyung-Tae;Kim, Eun-Soo;Cho, Sung-Rok;Kahng, Sung-Hyun;Kim, Jong-Kun;Park, Jun-Kun
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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    • v.14 no.2
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    • pp.95-103
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    • 2008
  • Heavy metals in the surface seawaters and sediments were measured in Gaduk channel of jinhae Bay. The high concentrations of heavy metals in the seawaters were found at the stations near the islands. In the seawaters, the mean concentrations of dissolved heavy metals except for Pb were not higher than previous data in this bay. Higher heavy metal contents in the surface sediments were observed at the stations adjacent to the Geojedo or Gadukdo of the Gaduk channel. The contents of Co,Ni,Zn,Cu,As and Cd in the surface sediments showed relatively high correlation coefficients with IL and COD. The order of enrichment factors(EFs) of heavy metals in the sediments on the basis of average shale values was As>Cd>Pb>Zn>Co>Cu>Hg>Ni, and the EFs of As,Cd,Pb and Zn at whole stations were higher than 1. EFs of Ni and Zn on the basis of natural background concentration in Korean coastal sediments were lower than EFs by average shale.

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The Development of ZVZCS type Battery Charger for High Speed Trail Car with Ni-Cd Battery Charging Algorithm (Ni-Cd전지용 충전 알고리즘을 이용한 고속전철용 ZVZCS형 충전장치개발)

  • 김연준
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2000.07a
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    • pp.548-551
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    • 2000
  • The battery charger for high speed trail car is very important power source for the purpose of safty and system stability. it provides control power of VVVF, CVCF, DC/DC converter and inverter for traction motor. This paper included power circuit of the ZVZCS type battery charger for high speed trail car and battery included power circuit of the ZVZCS type battery charger for high speed trail car and inverter for traction motor. This paper included power circuit of the ZVZCS type battery charger for high speed trail car an battery charging algorithm. Also the optimum parallel operation of 50Kw battery charger for high speed trail car and charging control method of Ni-Cd battery illustrates validity and effectiveness through the experiments.

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Distribution and Pollution Assessment of Heavy Metals in Surface Sediments Near Gwangan Bridge (광안대교 인근 퇴적토 중의 중금속 농도 및 오염도 조사 연구)

  • Lee, Junho;Yang, Changgeun;Lee, Taeyoon
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.19 no.11
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    • pp.15-22
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    • 2018
  • The main objective of this study was to analyse heavy metals in sediments obtained from Gwangan bridge and to evaluate pollution intensity of the sites. To evaluate pollution intensity of the sites, we used enrichment factor (EF), geoaccumulation index, potential ecological risk factor (PERF), and mean PEL quotient. Pollution intensities of these sites were evaluated by above methods, and we found most dangerous heavy metal and polluted sites. All sites showed non polluted or low risk for the heavy metals such as Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, but all sites were categorized as minor enrichment for Cd. G4 was evaluated as moderately polluted by Cd ($I_{geo}$) but other sites were unpolluted by heavy metals. In summary, Cd was found to be higher concentrations for all sites. For G4 and G5 sites, Pb and Zn in addition to Cd were higher than other sites.

Quantifying the Interactive Inhibitory Effect of Heavy Metals on the Growth and Phosphorus Removal of Pseudomonas taeanensis

  • Yoo, Jin;Kim, Deok-Hyun;Oh, Eun-Ji;Chung, Keun-Yook
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.51 no.1
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    • pp.35-49
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    • 2018
  • This study was initiated to quantitatively evaluate the effects of five heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni) on growth and P removal efficiencies of Pseudomonastaeanensis, known as the phosphorus accumulating microorganism. The heavy metals were added individually and with the binary mixture to the batch culturing system of Pseudomonastaeanensis. $IC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ were used to quantitatively evaluate their effects on the growth and phosphorus removal efficiency of Pseudomonas taeanensis in those treatments. Additionally, additive index value method was used to evaluate the interactive effects of heavy metals for Pseudomonas taeanensis in this study. As those heavy metals were singly added to Pseudomonastaeanensis, the greatest inhibitory effect on its growth and P removal efficiency was observed in Cd, whereas, the smallest effect was found in Ni. As the concentrations of all heavy metals added were gradually increased, its growth and P removal efficiency was correspondingly decreased. Specifically, $IC_{50}$ of Pseudomonas taeanensis for Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni were $0.44mg\;L^{-1}$, $5.12mg\;L^{-1}$, $7.46mg\;L^{-1}$, $8.37mg\;L^{-1}$ and $14.56mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. The P removal efficiency of Pseudomonas taeanensis was 81.1%. $EC_{50}$ values of Pseudomonas taeanensis for Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni were $0.44mg\;L^{-1}$, $4.08mg\;L^{-1}$, $7.17mg\;L^{-1}$, $8.90mg\;L^{-1}$ and $11.26mg\;L^{-1}$, respectively. In the binary treatments of heavy metals, the lowest $IC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ were found in the Cd + Cu treatment, whereas, the highest $IC_{50}$ and $EC_{50}$ were found in the Zn + Pb and Pb + Ni treatments, respectively. Most of the interactive effects for the binary mixture treatments of heavy metals were antagonistic. Based on the results obtained from this study, it appears that they could provide the basic information about the toxic effects of the respective individual and binary treatments of heavy metals on the growth and P removal efficiency of other phosphorus accumulating organisms.

Investigation of Sewage Sludge as Raw Compost Material in Korea (국내 하수오니에 대한 퇴비원료로의 활용성 검토)

  • Kwon, Soon-Ik;Lim, Dong-Kyu;Lee, Sang-Beom;Kim, Kye-Hoon;Koh, Mun-Hwan
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.137-147
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    • 2003
  • The objective of this experiment was to investigate the possibility on agricultural use of muncipal sewage sludge with respect to heavy metal contents in Korea. Metal contents (mg/kg) in 88 sludge samples were ranged from 0 to 54.3 for As, 1,7 to 197.3 for Cd, 7.3 to 2,854 for Cr, 87.4 to 5,730 for Cu, 129.3 to 10,289 for Mn 20.1 to 2,057 for Ni, 7.6 to 197.5 for Pb, and 523.5 to 6,349 for Zn. Heavy metal contents of sludges were compared with the regulation on raw material for compost. All sludges produced from sewage treatment plane in metropolis (over a million in population) and large cities ($500,00{\sim}1,000,000$) were not compatible with the regulation. In addition, 95% of sludge from small and mid-size cities ($100,00{\sim}500,000$) and 93% from rural area (below 100,000) were not suitable. On the basis of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn contents, 41, 53, 47, and 89% of sludge samples were not compatible with the regulation on raw material for compost respectively.