• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.3-9
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• 2007

생활 폐기물은 대부분 유리류와 자기류뿐만 아니라 많은 양의 iron을 함유하고 있으며 약 $3{\sim}11%$에 달한다. 대부분의 iron은 Ni-Fe와 Ni-Cr-Fe 같은 합금으로 존재하거나, 부식방지와 광택을 위해 Ni와 Cr로 도금된 iron으로 존재하고 있기 때문에 소각로에서 소각될 경우 철 재품 표면에 심하게 파손된 $Fe_3O_4$층과 함께 $NiFe_2O_4$와 FeCr_2O_4$을 형성하게 되어 바닥재에 존재하게 되어 중금속산화물 층을 형성시킬 수 있다. iron은 자력이 매우 강해 자력선별에 의해 쉽게 선별되며 이러한 효과로 인해 중금속 산화물의 선별까지 얻을 수 있다. 또한 바닥재는 다양한 Ni와 Cr 산화물들을 함유하고 있으며, Ni와 Cr은 강자성을 띈 물질이기 때문에 자력선별에 의해 큰 영향을 받을 수 있다. 따라서 자력선별에 따른 Ni와 Cr의 거동에 대해 조사하였으며 그 밖의 다른 중금속(Cu, Pb, Cd, As)들의 거동 또한 확인해 보았다. 그 결과 Ni와 Cr은 약 $45{\sim}50%$의 선별율을 보였으며, Cu와 Pb는 $15{\sim}20%$을 나타냈다. 또한 자력선별 전과 후의 바닥재에 대해 Ni와 Cr의 용출량을 확인해본 결과 자력선별 후 바닥재의 용출량이 더 낮음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2005년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.363-370
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• 2005

There are approximately 2,000 metallic mines which have been abandoned in Korea. Most of the mines are located in the watershed area, which is main source of drinking water for Seoul Metropolitan area. Untreated mining wastes are remained around abandoned mines in study area. These mining wastes, flowing into farmland and stream in the downstream of abandoned mines, would cause water and soil pollution. The mining waste samples from Guedo mine, Manjung mine and Joil mine recently abandoned were collected for the evaluation of the potential of water pollution by mine waste. Index of geoaccumulation($M\"{u}ller$, 1979), fractional composition and removal efficiency of some heavy metals by different concentration of HCl treatment were analyzed. Index of geoaccumulation of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni and Cr are 6, $4{\sim}6,\;0{\sim}6,\;4{\sim}5$, 2 and 0 respectively. Index of geoaccumulation of Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu reveals the mining wastes has high pollution pottential in the area. Organic fraction of Cu, reducible fraction of Pb, residual fraction of Ni and Zn were the most abundant fraction of heavy metals in mining wastes.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.20-29
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• 2005

Cotton fabric was treated with a reactive anionic agent in order to have anionic sites(-S03-) on it, which made it possible for the fabric to adsorb various cationic materials. In this study, the adsorptivity of various heavy metal ions such as Pb(II), Cd(II), Cr(III), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni (II) and Cr(VI) on the cotton fabrics treated with anionic agent was examined at the various conditions; concentrations of heavy metal ions, pHs of solution, reaction time and temperature. As a result, the adsorptivity of the heavy metal ions on the cotton fabrics treated with the anionic agent was highly increased comparing to that of untreated cotton fabrics. The order of the adsorptivity was as follows: $Pb(II)>Cd(II)>Cu(II)\geqNi(II)\geqCo(II)>Cr(III)\ggCr(VI)$. The adsorption amounts of most heavy metal ions were increased in weak alkaline conditions and were reached to an adsorption equilibrium within 10 ~ 30 minutes. The maximum adsorption ratios of Pb(II) and Cd(II) were respectively 99% and 80% of the initial concentration of heavy metal ions. Therefore the anionized cotton fabrics seem to be utilized as an adsorption fabrics for the removal of heavy metal ions in the waste water.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.607-610
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• 1999

The odor removal of landfill site leachate was carried out using pyroligenous liquid. The constituent elements of pyroligenous liquid and leachate were also analysed, employing Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy(AAS). Before order removal, the heavy metal ions such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and Ni, in pyroligenous liquid were detected with ultra trace level. However, in this liquid, other metal ions such as As, Hg and Cd were not observed. The optimum condition for removing odor fromthe leachate was observed in 15 times dilution of pyroligenous liquid. Also, the degree of outlet odor was 1. Furthermore, the concentration of odor constituent compounds, e.g. $H_2S, NH_3, NH_2$ and $CO_2$ in the leachate was remarkably reduced. Finally, water quality of the leachate was improved.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.115-120
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 순환골재를 이용하여 수용액상에서 혼합중금속의 제거능을 평가하였다. 순환골재는 주요 성분인 CaO, $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, $Fe_2O_3$가 약 95% 함유되어 흡착제로서 유리한 조성을 가지고 있다. 동적흡착결과를 유사 1차 모델과 유사 2차 모델로 분석한 결과 두 모델 모두 실험결과에 잘 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 평형흡착 실험은 Langmuir 모델에 잘 부합했고, $Cu^{2+}$ > $Pb^{2+}$ > $$Zn^{2+}{\simeq_-}Ni^{2+}$$ > $Cd^{2+}$순으로 흡착량이 높았다. 용액의 pH가 6에서 10로 증가함에 따라서 흡착률은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 순환골재의 양이 증가함에 따라서 중금속의 흡착률은 증가하였지만, 단위 질량당 흡착량은 감소하였다. 본 연구 결과를 통해 순환골재는 중금속을 효율적으로 제거할 수 있는 흡착제로 판단된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권7호
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• pp.895-908
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• 2023

Disposal of waste containing heavy metals into the environment is a major threat to human health and can result in toxic or chronic poisoning in aquatic life. In the current study, metal-resistant Raoultella ornithinolytica was isolated from metal-contaminated samples collected from the Tanjaro River, located southwest of Sulaymaniyah, Iraq. R. ornithinolytica was identified by partial amplification of 16S rRNA. The uptake potency of heavy metals was assessed using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) and indicated that R. ornithinolytica removed 67, 89, 63.4, 55.6, 56.5, 65, and 61.9% of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Zn, Co, and Fe, respectively. These removal rates were influenced by temperature, pH, and contact time; at 35℃ and pH 5 with a change in the incubation time, the reduction rate improved from 89 to 95% for Pb, from 36.4 to 45% for Cu, and from 55.6 to 64% for Ni. Gene analysis indicated that R. ornithinolytica contained pbrT, chrB, nccA, iroN, and czcA genes, but the pcoD gene was absent. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) images showed evidence of metal ion binding on the cell wall surface with different rates of binding. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) detected different mechanisms for metal particle localization; cell surface adsorption was the main mechanism for Pb, Zn, and Co uptake, while Cd, Ni, and Fe were accumulated inside the cell. The current study describes, for the first time, the isolation of R. ornithinolytica from metal-contaminated water, which can be used as an eco-friendly biological expedient for the remediation and detoxification of metals from contaminated environments.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.239-246
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• 2012

천연제올라이트와 제강전로슬래그를 혼합 소성한 펠렛형 세라믹 소재(ZS 세라믹)를 이용하여 산성폐수 내 중금속의 제거특성 및 제거기작을 연구하고자 하였다. 세라믹 소재의 최적의 소성온도는 $600{\sim}800^{\circ}C$로 파악되었으며 소성시간에 따른 중금속 제거효율의 변화는 거의 나타나지 않았다. ZS 세라믹의 최적의 투여농도는 2~5%임을 알 수 있었고 최대의 중금속 제거능은 중금속별로 Al 84.7 mg/g, Cd 37.3 mg/g, Cr 81.7 mg/g, Cu 55.6 mg/g, Fe 57.2 mg/g, Mn 32.1 mg/g, Ni 38.0 mg/g, Pb 71.6 mg/g, Zn 46.3 mg/g로 나타났다. pH는 ZS 세라믹의 중금속 제거에 큰 영향을 미치는 인자로 파악되었다. ZS 세라믹에 의한 중금속의 제거 기작 실험을 통해 ZS 세라믹은 천연제올라이트에 의한 이온교환 및 흡착의 기작과 제강전로슬래그의 알칼리 공급에 의한 중화침전의 기작이 동시에 발생하는 중금속 처리제임을 확인 할 수 있었다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1236-1241
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• 2007

철도에서 유래한 중금속 오염 토양을 정화하기 위해 세척방법의 타당성을 연구하였다. 유기산과 무기산을 사용하여 중금속 세척효율을 비교한 결과 무기산이 유기산보다 우수한 효과를 나타내었다. 일반적으로 세척효율이 우수하다고 알려진 ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)는 본 오염 토양의 세척에는 효과적이지 않았다. 무기산 중에는 HCl이 제일 우수한 효과를 보였으나, 세척효율은 0.5 M 에서도 30% 수준이었다. 특히 Zn와 Ni의 제거율이 다른 중금속에 비해 낮았다. 이는 Zn 와 Ni의 토양오염공정시험방법 상의 분석법이 왕수 추출에 의한 전함량이기 때문에 더 낮은 것으로 사료된다. 다른 중금속은 비교적 높은 70% 이상의 세척효율을 얻을 수 있었다. 결과적으로 단순한 세척공법은 중금속 유래 철도오염 토양을 처리하는데 적합하지 않다.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2001

Barley or corn tea, which is usually prepared with municipal chlorinated tap water, is commonly consumed by the public as a substitute for the supplied water itself. This is because most people believe that harmful organic and inorganic compounds can be removed from the tap water by the adsorption mechanism during the tea preparation. In this study, three kinds of commercial grain tea materials-roasted barley grains, a tea bag containing barley grain pieces, and roasted corn grains-were tested for metal removal by preparing 1 liter of tea with deionized/distilled water according the manufacturer's recommended preparation procedures, assuming that the water is contaminated with eight selected metals at levels of 50$\mu\textrm{g}$/l. Of the tested teas, barley tea prepared with roasted grains showed the highest removal efficiency for Cu, As, Ni, Co, Pb, and Cd, ranging from 48 to 71%, followed by corn tea with roasted grains and barley tea with a tea bag. Cr was nearly maintained at the initial concentration in all kinds of tea. The Mn levels. however, were elevated during the tea preparation, particularly in both barley teas, probably because the metal was extracted into the water from the tea materials without significant adsorption. Therefore, it should be considered in the ingestion exposure analysis for metals that their concentrations are altered during the tea preparation with roasted barley or corn grain materials.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.74-83
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• 2020

In this study, the effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl) concentrations on removal efficiency and chemical forms of heavy metals in dredged sediment during acid washing was investigated. The removal efficiencies of Zn, Cu, Pb, Ni and Cd by acid washing were 18.4-92.4%, 7.2-83.7%, 9.4-75%, 8.1-53.4% and 34.4-70.8%, respectively. Overall, the removal efficiencies of heavy metals were remarkably enhanced with the increase of the acid strength. However, the removal efficiencies for 0.5 and 1.0 M HCl were comparable, and both cases met the Korean soil contamination standard. Based on the sequential extraction results, concentration of the exchangeable fraction (F1), the most labile fraction, increased whereas concentrations of the other fractions decreased with increasing acid strength. Particularly, the carbonate (F2) and Fe/Mn oxides (F3) fractions drastically decreased by using 0.5 M or 1.0 M HCl. The current study results verified that acid washing could effectively reduce heavy metal concentrations and its potential mobility in dredged sediments. However, the study also found that acid washing may cause significant increase in bioavailable fraction of heavy metals, suggesting the need to evaluate the changes in chemical forms of heavy metals by acid washing when determining the acid strength to be applied.