• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.263-272
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• 2005

For the Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS) which will be launched in 2008, an algorithm for finding the precise location of the sun-glint point on the ocean surface is studied. The precise locations of the sun-glint are estimated by considering azimuth and elevation angles of Sun-satellite-Earth geometric position and the law of reflection. The obtained nonlinear equations are solved by using the Newton-Raphson method. As a result, when COMS is located at $116.2^{\circ}E$ or $128.2^{\circ}E$ longitude, the sun-glint covers region of ${\pm}10^{\circ}(N-S)$ latitude and $80-150^{\circ}(E-W)$ longitude. The diurnal path of the sun-glint in the southern hemisphere is curved towards the North Pole, and the path in the northern hemisphere is forwards the south pole. The algorithm presented in this paper can be applied to predict the precise location of sun-glint region in any other geostationary satellites.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.505-523
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• 1998

Aroma therpay in the western classical medicine is compared with the mechanistic paradigm of Newton physics which is the foundation of western modern medicine. It is the therapy whose basic principle is very similar to the basic concepts of oriental medicine lasting thousands of years. We know that parts of their therapies are explained by Yin-Yan and five elements in Oriental Medicine. In the modern western medicine, as preventive medicine is becoming more and more important and moreover, health promotion and self healing care is being emphasized, Maintenanayce which is the oriental preventive medicine, acts in concert with the concept of New Age of Science and provides a way for the Oriental Medicine of the future. The health promotion and self healing care is similar to the thought of Maintenanayce in Oriental Medicine. Oriental Medicine has provided the concept of preventive ehaling care for a long time and built the foundation of the department of Maintenanayce. Among these method of Preservation of Health, We could find that of using fragrance throuth the several references. By comparing the department of Maintenanayce in oriental preventive medicine with the books and papers about aroma therapy, used in the fields of naturalpathy medicine, alternative medicine, and complementary medicine in the west, and by analyzing them, centering around references, to see whether they are reasonable and corresponding, the following conclusions have been reached. 1. We could see that aroma therapy of oriental preventive medicine could be applied to the fields of health promotion and self healing cure, recently appearing in the world of health medicine, as a modern way of Preservation of Health(養生). 2. We could see that western traditional aroma therapy take important position in alternative medicine and complementary medicine, and it could be developed as the transitional field of medical cure for the interchange between western and eastern medicine. 3. We could see that aroma therapy is not totally unknown therapy and there is some points of similarity in the traditional references of oriental medicine. Also, it is considered that the aroma therapy has a possibility of coming the front as an general therapy among various therapies. 4. aroma therapy will be actively applied to many fields such as oriental psychiatry, internal medicine of the respiratory system, pediatrics, oriental nursing, oriental dermatologic beauty, and preventive medicine. Therefore, we have a view that the combination between aroma therapy and oriental medicine will be fairly valuable to study as the general and transtional middle step on which it will prepare the situation of oriental medicine's reimportation from the west and we establish a bridgehead to export the oriental medicine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.1003-1009
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• 2000

Four young swamp buffalo cows of similar age ranging in body weight (W) between 280 to 380 kg and trained for doing physical exercise were used in two consecutive experiments, each using a latin square design, to determine energy expenditure for draught. The experiments consisted of field trials using 4 levels of work load, i.e. no work as control and loads amounting 450 to 500 Newton (N) continuous traction for respectively 1, 2 and 3 h daily for 14 consecutive days for experiment 1, and no work, traction loads equaling 5, 10 and 15% of W for 3 h daily for 14 days for experiment 2. Heart rate during rest and exercise was monitored using PE-3000 HR monitor. Cows were fed only king grass (Penisetum purpuroides) ad libitum and were subjected to balance trials. Body composition was estimated in vivo by the body density method and daily energy expenditure (EE) was calculated from ME minus RE. RE was calculated from the changes in body-protein and -fat measured before and immediately after the 14 d experimental period assuming an energy equivalent of 39.32 MJ/kg fat and 20.07 MJ/kg protein. $E_{exercise}$ ($EE_{work}\;-\;EE_{resting}$), which was the energy spent for doing the traction during 1, 2 and 3 h was 7.13, 15.45 and 19.90 MJ, respectively. $EE_{work}$ for the 1 h treatment group was 39.75 MJ/d equivalent to 1.30 times $EE_{resting}$. The values for the 2 and 3 h treatment groups were 1.75 and 1.86 times resting energy requirement, respectively. Absolute efficiency of work in all exercise trials of experiment 2 was around 27.28%. The increases of daily $E_{exercise}$ values were correlated to elevation of heart rate (HR) according to the equation $E_{exercise}=(0.270HR^{0.363}\;-\;1)$ MJ, while draught force related to heart rate according to the equation DF (N)=6.66 HR - 361.62. Blood glucose and triglyceride levels were gradually elevated with time during the course of exercise. Mean values of blood glucose were 91.7, 115.0 and 116.2 mg/dl for cows after 1, 2 and 3 h pulling loads at 15% W respectively as compared to 88.2 mg/dl prior to work. In the same order and treatment, mean blood triglyceride concentrations were 13.5, 13.3 and 14.8 mg/dl, and 11.5 mg/dl for control. For blood lactate, the values were 1.68, 1.63 and 1.66 mM, and 0.80 mM for control. Glucose was used as the major source of energy during the initial phase of exercise, but for prolonged work, fat will replace carbohydrate as the main substrate. Accumulation of lactate persisted for some time at the end of the exercise trials.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.173-176
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• 2001

In this thesis, a new measurement system is implemented for depth data extraction based on the camera calibration of the known pattern. The relation between 3D world coordinate and 2D image coordinate is analyzed. A new camera calibration algorithm is established from the analysis and then, the internal variables and external variables of the CCD camera are obtained. Suppose that the measurement plane is horizontal plane, from the 2D plane equation and coordinate transformation equation the approximation values corresponding minimum values using Newton-Rabbson method is obtained and they are stored into the look-up table for real time processing . A slit laser light is projected onto the object, and a 2D image obtained on the x-z plane in the measurement system. A 3D shape image can be obtained as the 2D (x-z)images are continuously acquired, during the object is moving to the y direction. The 3D shape images are displayed on computer monitor by use of OpenGL software. In a measuremental result, we found that the resolution of pixels have $\pm$ 1% of error in depth data. It seems that the error components are due to the vibration of mechanic and optical system. We expect that the measurement system need some of mechanic stability and precision optical system in order to improve the system.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.567-578
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• 2007

Statement of problem: The endodontically treated tooth is generally restored with post and core, owing to the brittle and the loss of large amount of tooth structure. As periodontal treatment was developed, there are many cases that periodontally involved teeth used in prosthetic treatment. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the stress distribution in the dentin and post structures by the various post materials and the amount of remaining alveolar bone height. Material and method: The 3-dimensional finite element models of mandible 1st premolars were divided into six types according to the various amount of remaining alveolar bone and post type. All types were modeled using equal length, diameter and shape of the post. Three types of post and core materials were used: prefabricated titaniumpost and amalgam core, prefabricated stainless steel post and amalgam core, and cast gold post and core. 300 Newton force was applied to functional cusp of mandible 1st premolar. Results: The results were as follows: First, there was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution according to the alveolar bone condition concentrate on the post middle area. Second, there was difference in pattern of stress distribution according to the core materials, gold post and core generated same than amalgam core. Third, there was no apparent difference in the pattern of stress distribution within the dentin according to the post and core materials. But a cast gold post and core generated the lowest maximum stress value, a stainless steel post generated the highest maximum stress value. Fourth, in the reduced alveolar bone model, maximum stress value is 1.5 times than that of the normal alveolar bone model. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, to provide minimal stress to the root with alveolar bone reduced, the post length may be as long as apical seal was not destroyed. To prevent fracture of tooth, it is rational to use gold alloy which material was good for stress distribution for post materials.

• 한국지구물리탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.51-56
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• 2008

The waveform inversion for isotropic media has ever been studied since the 1980s, but there has been few studies for anisotropic media. We present a seismic waveform inversion algorithm for 2-D heterogeneous transversely isotropic structures. A cell-based finite difference algorithm for anisotropic media in time domain is adopted. The steepest descent during the non-linear iterative inversion approach is obtained by backpropagating residual errors using a reverse time migration technique. For scaling the gradient of a misfit function, we use the pseudo Hessian matrix which is assumed to neglect the zero-lag auto-correlation terms of impulse responses in the approximate Hessian matrix of the Gauss-Newton method. We demonstrate the use of these waveform inversion algorithm by applying them to a two layer model and the anisotropic Marmousi model data. With numerical examples, we show that it's difficult to converge to the true model when we assumed that anisotropic media are isotropic. Therefore, it is expected that our waveform inversion algorithm for anisotropic media is adequate to interpret real seismic exploration data.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2022

The location of the bus stop on urban roads should be installed at a point where it is convenient for users and the impact of bus stops on the traffic flow is minimized. However, the location of the bus stops is determined indiscriminately due to the lack of related research. Therefore, this study developed a traffic accident prediction model and calculated the proper separation distance for the bus stops through an optimization technique. The result of the study indicates that the bus stop can be installed in the form of a mid-block approximately 87 to 166 m away from the intersection in the road section. This result is valid if the number of main road lanes in the road section is 2 to 4 with a level of traffic from 1,000 to 3,000 v/h. In the section with 5 to 6 lanes, it is desirable to install a bus stop close to the intersection by about 42 to 97 m.