• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.304-307
• /
• 1997

Rectal temperature (Tr), skin surface temperatures (Ts), and heart rate (HR) were measured continuously from birth (day 1) till day 7, while resting heat production (HP) was measured in a chamber on days 1, 3, 5 and 7, in order to study the characteristic variation of Tr in newborn calves by heat balance methods. Despite constant levels of milk being given to the newborn calves each day, daily mean resting HP was lowest on the day of birth, then increased to peak on day 3 and then decreased slightly thereafter. Daily mean HR was higher on days 2, 3 and 4, than on other days. Tr exhibited diurnal rhythms and daily mean Tr was low on day 1, high on day 3, and then decreased slightly after day 3. Daily average mean skin temperature (mTs) was similar on all days. Mean body temperature (Tb) exhibited diurnal rhythms and had a similar range between days, suggesting that heat balance and thermoregulation were carried out effectively on each day. The variation of Tb appeared to be synchronized with that of HP and suggested that newborn calves might use variations in the levels of Tb to facilitate the body's required levels of heart loss.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.13-19
• /
• 1988

Effect of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on immunity was studied in newborn Jersey and buffalo calves. The supplement contained 500 mg vitamin E and $200\;{\mu}g$ selenium; and was fed daily from birth to day 30. Differences in weight gain, total leucocytic count, differential leucocytic count, antibody titre and susceptibility to disease were found to be nonsignificant between supplemented and control calves during the study period of 3 months. Vitamin E seemed to enhance the recovery from disease in buffalo calves. Buffalo calves were found to be more sensitive to selenium toxicity than Jersey calves.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
• /
• 2009.10a
• /
• pp.229-229
• /
• 2009

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.62 no.6
• /
• pp.893-902
• /
• 2020

This study was conducted to compare the mRNA expression levels of myogenic-adipogenic makers in the skeletal muscle and adipocytes formation, body weight, rumen weight, and papilla length on Hanwoo calves at newborn and 6 months of age. Animals used three newborn Hanwoo calves (NC) and three Hanwoo calves 6 months of age (SC). Body weight and rumen weight were significantly increased in SC compared to NC (p < 0.01), and papilla length was longer about 10-fold in SC than NC. Adipocytes was possible to visually identify more adipocytes in SC compared to NC, and were mainly formed around the blood vessels. mRNA expression of myogenin, myosin heavy chain 1 and myosin heavy chain 2A in both longissimus dorsi (LD) and semimembranosus (SM) was found to increase with calves growth (p < 0.01), and it was confirmed that have higher levels of mRNA expression in SM than LD. In LD tissues, the mRNA expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD, p < 0.03) and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ, p < 0.04) was significantly higher in SC than NC. In SM tissues, mRNA expression levels of SCD (p < 0.02) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein β (C/EBPβ, p < 0.01) were higher in SC than NC, and also mRNA expression levels of PPARγ increased, but there was no significant difference. Thus, the calves period suggests that it is an important step in the development of the rumen and the myogenesis and adipogenesis.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.209-220
• /
• 2017

The estrogen-mediated effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a highly critical factor for the clinical application of MSCs. However, the present study is conducted on MSCs derived from adult donors, which have different physiological status with steroid hormonal changes. Therefore, we explores the important role of $17{\beta}$-estradiol (E2) in MSCs derived from female and male newborn piglets (NF- and NM-pBMSCs), which are non-sexually matured donors with steroid hormones. The results revealed that in vitro treatment of MSCs with E2 improved cell proliferation, but the rates varied according to the gender of the newborn donors. Following in vitro treatment of newborn MSCs with E2, mRNA levels of Oct3/4 and Sox2 increased in both genders of MSCs and they may be correlated with both estrogen receptor ${\alpha}$ ($ER{\alpha}$) and $ER{\beta}$ in NF-pBMSCs, but NM-pBMSCs were only correlated with $ER{\alpha}$. Moreover, E2-treated NF-pBMSCs decreased in ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity but no influence on NM-pBMSCs. In E2-mediated differentiation capacity, E2 induced an increase in the osteogenic and chondrogenic abilities of both pBMSCs, but adipogenic ability may increased only in NF-pBMSCs. These results demonstrate that E2 could affect both genders of newborn donor-derived MSCs, but the regulatory role of E2 varies depending on gender-dependent characteristics even though the original newborn donors had not been affected by functional steroid hormones.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
• /
• 2003.06a
• /
• pp.77-77
• /
• 2003

Chimeric animals are referred to as an organism composed of tissues derived from more than one species. In order to examine if a pluripotency of embryonic stem cells can cross the limitation of a species, we tried to establish human-mouse chimeric animals. Human embryonic stem cells were genetically modified to express eGFP using eukaryonic expression vector pcDNA 3.1 (In Vitrogene) for an easy identification. After selection with neomycin, approximately 15 cells were implanted into mouse blastocoele cavity. Ten chimeric blastocysts were transferred to one of the uterine horn of 2.5 days pesudopregnent ICR female. Out of 272 blastocysts transferred to pseudopregnant recipients 20 live newborn were obtained after 20 days. When newborn were obtained, pups were quickly removed immersed into 4% PFA. By histological examination using fluorescent microscope, green fluorescence was observed from the liver, heart, and spleen in newborn mice. Three weeks after born, presence of eGFP sequence within mouse genome (tail and kidney) was reconfirmed by PCR. eGFP sequence was amplified from the progenies of the animal suggesting a genetic transmission of the transgene. These chimeric mice having human cells at the beginning of development, are expected to recognize human cells as “self”, therefore, human cells or tissues will be able to escape the immunological surveillance of the host if grafted into the animal. These animals will serve as a good model system for studying the graft rejection in tissue transplantation and the potential of the cells to work well in many human disease.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.237-242
• /
• 2001

Colostrum deprived, newborn pigs (N=12, $1.64{\pm}0.05kg$) were used to study the renal threshold of carnitine, and effects of emulsified medium-chain triglyceride (MCT, tri-8:0) feeding on kinetics of plasma carnitine and urinary carnitine excretion. An arterial catheter was inserted through an umbilical artery, and a bladder catheter was inserted via the urachus. Piglets were oro-gastrically gavaged with one of six carnitine levels (0, 60, 120, 180, 240, $480{\mu}mol/kg\;W^{0.75}$) with (+MCT) or without medium-chain triglycerides (-MCT) in 0.9% NaCl solution. Blood was sampled into heparinized tubes at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 14, and 20 h after gavage, and urine was collected and pooled into 1 h or 2 h composite samples to determine free- and short-chain carnitine concentrations. Plasma from the 12 newborn piglets before gavage contained $10.6{\pm}1.2{\mu}mol/L$ free carnitine and $7.2{\pm}0.6{\mu}mol/L$ acid-soluble acyl carnitine. The renal threshold for carnitine was similar between the MCT and the +MCT group (42.6 13.1 and $46.4{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol/L$, respectively), but the correlation between plasma free carnitine and urinary excretion was altered. Plasma free carnitine linearly increased with increasing carnitine dosage (-MCT group, $R^2=0.95$, p<0.001; +MCT group, $R^2=0.91$, p<0.001), but was decreased by 50% when medium-chain triglycerides were fed. The peak in plasma free carnitine concentration was depressed by medium-chain triglycerides feeding also. Therefore, the plasma and urinary short-chain/free carnitine ratio of the +MCT group was increased by 100% and 40%, respectively (p<0.01). Feeding of medium-chain triglycerides may delay plasma carnitine elevation via altering the kinetics of absorption. Similarly, the plasma and urinary short-chain/free carnitine ratio were affected by interaction between medium-chain triglycerides and time (p<0.01). The present study suggests that an oral carnitine dose over $480{\mu}mol/kg\;W^{0.75}$ may be needed to reach the free carnitine renal threshold within a short period, especially when provided together with medium-chain triglyceride.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Clinics Conference
• /
• 2007.10a
• /
• pp.621-621
• /
• 2007

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.51-58
• /
• 1995

To examine whether colostral growth factors are transferred to the general circulation, concentrations of plasma cortisol, insulin, prolactin, growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors(IGFs) -I and -II, IGF-binding proteins(IGFBPs) and total protein were measured in newborn calves fed colostrums, milk of milk replacer before and after feeding at 12 h intervals during the first two days after birth. Plasma protein concentrations increased with time after than in milk- or milk replacer-fed calves. The mean protein concentration was greater in colostrum-fed than in milk- or milk replacer-fed calves. Plasma cortisol levels transiently declined after each feeding regardless of the type of diet, while insulin levels tended to increase. Mean concentrations of these hormones did not differ between dietary groups, nor did they change with time after birth. Plasma concentrations of prolactin and growth hormone did not differ between dietary groups and also did not change with time after birth or after feeding. Concentrations of IGF-I and IGF-II transiently increased at the second feeding period, but these, as well as plasma IGFBP profiles, were not different between groups or before and after feeding. Results did not indicate significant transfer of colostral growth factors across the newborn ruminant small intestine.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.272-278
• /
• 2011

Bovine whey protein expression patterns of colostrum are much different from that of milk. Moreover, bovine colostrum is an important source of protective, nutritional and developmental factors for the newborn. However, to our knowledge, no research has been performed to date using a comparative proteomic method on the changes in the bovine whey proteome during the transition from colostrum to milk. This study therefore separated whey protein of days 1, 3, 7 and 21 after calving using two dimension electrophoresis. Differentially expressed proteins at different collection times were identified using high-performance liquid chromatography in tandem with mass spectrometry (LC/MS) and validated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in order to understand the developmental changes in the bovine whey proteome during the transition from colostrum to milk. The expression patterns of whey protein of days 1 and 3 post-partum were similar except that immunoglobulin G was down-regulated on day 3, and four proteins were found to be down-regulated on days 7 and 21 compared with day 1 after delivering, including immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, albumin, and lactotransferrin, which are involved in immunity and molecule transport. The results of this study confirm the comparative proteomic method has the advantage over other methods such as ELISA and immunoassays in that it can simultaneously detect more differentially expressed proteins. In addition, the difference in composition of milk indicates a need for adjustment of the colostrum feeding regimen to ensure a protective immunological status for newborn calves.