• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.38-60
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• 1989

The present analysis was undertaken to find out the relationships between birth weight & Apgar Score of newborn infant & maternal factors. The medical records of 1436 newborn infants who had been at the Korea University III Seoul from January. 1.1984. to December. 31. 1985, were examined. Measurements include weight and Apgar Score. As the possible factors influencing the birth weight & Apgar Score of newborn infant, 9 variables such as : mother's age, frequency ·of pregnancy, frequency of fullterm delivery, frequency. of premature, frequency of abortion, mother's hemoglobin level, complications during pregnancy gestational period and infant sex at birth were selected among the items recorded in the medical records of newborn infants and their mothers. The weight & Apgar Score of newborn infants were compared separately by sex with group percent of those variables. The results were summarized as follows: 1. All of those factors chosen are supposed to be influencing upon the birth weight and Apgar Score examined at birth indirectly through inducing early termination of pregnancy. 2. The most influencing variable of birth weight of newborn infants was gestation period. The most influencing variable of Apgar Score of infant newborn was gestation period. 3. The relationships of those influencing factors are more clear on the birth weights of newborn than on the Apgar Score. 4. More then half of low birth weight infants are turned out to be physiologically normal through the evaluation by Apgar Scoring. Conclusively, All of those factors chosen are supposed to be influencing upon the birth weight and apgar score examined at birth indirectly through inducing early termination of pregnancy.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.5-15
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• 1995

The quality of mother-infant interaction during early postpartum period has a significant influence on the child growth and development in many aspects. The mother's initial perception of the newborns might have the lasting influence on the development of the mother-infant attachment and mother-infant relationship. Therefore the proper mother-infant interaction should be developed after infant birth. However, it is acknowledged that the high risk infants influence on the mothers' perception because of their abnormalities or disorders of physical condition and the restricted maternal contacts and interactions. The object of this study is to identify the difference of mother's perception of their normal and high-risk newborn during the early postpartum period. The ultimate goal is to contribute to use this basic data to develop nursing intervention toward the promotion of healthy mother-infant relationship and the helping of growth and development of children. The data were collected for this study from Sep. 21, 1990 to Oct. 1. 1991 at E University Hospital. The sample was 83 of mothers who had normal newborns and 73 mothers who had high risk newborns .The instrument was Neonatal Perception Inventory(NPI) designed by the Broussard for the measurement of mothers' perception of newborns about Average Baby and Your Baby. The data were analysed by using an SPSS Program and include percentage mean, SD, t-test, ANOVA. The results of this study are as follows : 1. The normal newborn mothers' perception is more positive than the high-risk newborn mothers(t=7.94, p=0.000). 2. Mothers' perception of the newborns is not related significantly to mothers' general characteristics. In conclusion, in order to promote positive, healthy mother-infant relationship, the nurse need to support, give information, and educate high-risk newborn mothers through early nursing assessment.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-116
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to describe mother -infant interacting behavior patterns related to newborn infant feeding and to explore the mother's cultural belief about their infant. The data collection was conducted by observation and interview. Twenty-five mothers and their newborn infants who were normally delivered and were also planned to breast feed were comprised as the subjects of this study. All subjects were interviewed and observed individuaily at 1 to 5 days after the delivery at the hospital, mid -wife's clinic, Maternal Child Health Center and their home throughout the country from remote area to big city, The observation data were recorded with symbolic letter on a recording sheet newly developed as a result of preliminary study. The interview data were taperecorded and then recorded in narrative form. Mother - infant interaction behaviors in early feeding period were analyzed based on 19 analytic sub-categories and their composing elements. Unit of analysis were mother, infant and mother -infant dyad. 8 analytic categories draw from the data. Each were preparation, instrument, interaction inducing, evaluation referred to mother's behavior, preparation, instrument, interaction inducing referred to infant's behavior and synchronic behaviors referred to mother - infant dyad. Frequencies of behavior items based on the categories were converted to percent. The result showed that in mother's preparation behavior, the breast condition of Korean mother can be an affecting factor for mother - infant interaction during feeding, and vocalization behavior was observed most frequently in interaction inducing behavior while the least frequent behavior observed was contacting. Subcultural characteristics of mother - infant interaction behaviors were analyzed for their relationships between groups of mothers who have lived in remote area vs urban area, and who were multipara vs primipara. Using a chi -square test, there were statistically significant relationships in the activity of psychological readiness in preparation behavior and the movement of extremities for the position of instrumental behavior in both groups. However, interaction inducing behaviors were not related with statistical significance in any set of groups. Accomplishment of marriage, bonding and emotional mediation of family members were the categories related to mother's cultural belief about the infant in aspect of functional values. Infant at birth is considered little more than a biological organism without social capabilities. Although the newborn infant is still be attached to his mother, he makes his mother extend her territoriality. The mother's interacting behavior toward her infant based on those beliefs appeared task oriented, separative behavioral series. On the other hand, it was seen that infant reacted independently to his mother's behavior by the in-nate perceptual abilities. Those independent behavioral series of mother and infant on the feeding situation were synchronized at any moment. Nurses are In a unique position to teach mothers about their infant's capabilities and help reducing some of uncertainty about infant's behaviors. Study results indicated that the informations infant's social capabilities and breast feeding should be given to the mothers. The results of this study have several implications for nursing. First, the study results will be used as fundamental resources for the development of the assessment tool about the early mother - infant interaction. Second, the results could be a relevant information in the fied. I of maternal child nursing education as real and useful data. Third, the behavioral patterns of early mother - infant interaction which were classified based on the qualitative analysis could be used for nursing theory development as very fundamental data.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.1
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• pp.56-74
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• 1998

The language of the newborn, like that of adults, is one of gesture, posture, and expression(Lewis, 1980). Helping parents understand and respond to their newborn's cues will make caring for their baby more enjoyable and may well provide the foundation for a communicative bond that will last lifetime. Infant state provides a dynamic pattern reflecting the full behavioral repertoire of the healthy infant(Brazelton, 1973, 1984). States are organized in a predictable emporal sequence and provide a basic classification of conditions that occur over and over again(Wolff, 1987). They are recognized by characteristic behavioral patterns, physiological changes, and infants' level of responsiveness. Most inportantly, however, states provide caregivers a framework for observing and understanding infants' behavior. When parents know how to determine whether their infant is sleep, awake, or drowsy, and they know the implications, recognition of states has for both the infant's behavior and for their caregiving, then a lot of hings about taking care of a newborn become much easier and more rewarding. Most parents have the skills and desire to do what is best for their infant. The skills 7373parents bring to the interaction are: the ability to read their infant's cues: to stimulate the baby through touch, movement, talking, and looking at: and to respond in a contingent manner to the infant's signals. Among the crucial skills infants bring to the interaction are perceptual abilities: hearing and seeing, the capacity to look at another for a period of time, the ability to smile, be consoled, adapt their body to holding or movement, and be regular and predictable in responding. Research demonstrates that the absence of these skills by either partner adversely affects parent-infant interaction and later development. Observing early parent-infant interactions during the hospital stay is important in order to identify parent-infant pairs in need of continued monitoring(Barnard, et al., 1989).

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.133-143
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare mother's caring-confidence, between primipara perception of the newborn, and child-rearing attitude and multipara. Method: The data was collected from 159 married mothers of newborns in the post-partum care center using self-rating questionnaires from November, 2003 to March, 2004. Data was analyzed using SPSS/Win program by t-test and Pearson Correlation coefficient. Result: 1) The mean score of mother's perception of the newborn, the newborn caring-confidence, and child-rearing attitude were .26, 3.13, and 3.43. 2) The score of the newborn caring-confidence of multipara was greater significantly than the one of primapara. 3) The score of mother's perception of tile newborn and child-rearing attitude of primapara were greater than the one of multipara but there were no significant differences. 4) There was a positive correlation between mother's perception of the newborn and child-rearing attitude and significant correlation between caring-confidence and child-rearing attitude. 5) The score of mother's perception of the newborn was significantly different according to the level of education type of family and delivery planned. 6) The score of caring-confidence was significantly different according to the helper, the history of delivery. 7) The score of child-rearing attitude was significantly difference according to the level of education and the birth weight of newborn. Conclusion: When the newborn care giver in the postpartum care setting is teaching the method of infant care to mother, there should be in consideration of the rearing experience of mothers. Mother's perception of the newborn, caring-confidence, and child-rearing attitude should be considered to develop the effective education program for mothers who have newborn. And its educational contents must be focused on the promotion of trust between infant and mother.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.21-24
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• 2013

Hemolytic disease in a newborn that causes early jaundice is common. It is often due to the Rh (D) and ABO incompatibility, but rarely due to unexpected antibodies. Among these unexpected antibodies, the anti-$Di^a$Dia antibody rarely occurs. The anti-$Di^a$ antibody was observed in the serum and red-cell eluate of an infant, and in the serum of his mother. The frequency of the appearance of the $Di^a$ antigen in the Korean population is estimated to be 6.4-14.5%. This paper reports a case of hemolytic disease in a newborn associated with the anti-$Di^a$ antibody. A full-term male infant was transferred to the authors' hospital due to hyperbilirubinemia the day after his birth. The laboratory data indicated a hemoglobin value of 11.6 g/dL, a reticulocyte count of 10.6%, a total bilirubin count of 14.4 mg/dL, a direct bilirubin count of 0.6 mg/dL, and a positive result in the direct Coombs' test. Due to the identification of an irregular antibody from the maternal serum, an anti-$Di^a$ antibody was detected, which was also found in the eluate made from the infant's blood. The infant had been treated with phototherapy and intravenous immunoglobulin since the second day after his birth and was discharged due to an improved condition without exchange transfusion. Therefore, in cases of iso-immune hemolytic disease in a newborn within 24 hours from birth who had a negative result in an antibody screening test, the conduct of an anti-$Di^a$ antibody identification test is recommended due to the suspicion of an anti-$Di^a$ antigen, followed by early administration of intravenous immunoglobulin.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 2009

Purpose: Multiple studies have documented that high resting levels of cardiac vagal tone suggest higher levels of self-regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiac vagal tone as an indicator of autonomic nervous function in healthy newborn and premature infants. Methods: This study was conducted using a descriptive comparison design and a convenience sampling strategy. The participants were 72 healthy and 62 premature infants delivered in a university hospital. Continuous heart rate data recordings from the infant's ECG were analyzed and Mxedit software was used to calculate mean heart period and an index of cardiac vagal tone. Results: The healthy infants had significantly higher cardiac vagal tone than the premature infants, when the influence of gestational age was removed using analysis of covariance. However, there were no significant differences in heart rate and heart period between the two groups when the influence of gestational age was removed using analysis of covariance. Conclusion: The results of this study show that cardiac vagal tone may be used as an index for determining infant's autonomic nervous function. Nursing staff in pediatric departments can use cardiac vagal tone with ease, as this index can be calculated in a noninvasive method from the ECG.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.65 no.4
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• pp.182-187
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• 2022

We frequently encounter newborn infants with thrombocytosis in the neonatal intensive care unit. However, neonatal thrombocytosis is not yet fully understood. Thrombocytosis is more frequently identified in newborns and young infants, notably more often in those younger than 2 years than in older children or adults. The production of megakaryocytes (megakaryopoiesis) and platelets (thrombopoiesis) is mainly regulated by thrombopoietin (TPO). Increased TPO levels during infection or inflammation can stimulate megakaryopoiesis, resulting in thrombopoiesis. TPO concentrations are higher in newborn infants than in adults. Levels increase after birth, peak on the second day after birth, and start decreasing at 1 month of age. Initial platelet counts at birth increase with gestational age. Thus, preterm infants have lower initial platelet counts at birth than late-preterm or term infants. Postnatal thrombocytosis is more frequently observed in preterm infants than in term infants. A high TPO concentration and low TPO receptor expression on platelets leading to elevated plasma-free TPO, increased sensitivity of megakaryocyte precursor cells to TPO, a decreased red blood cell count, and immaturity of platelet regulation are speculated to induce thrombocytosis in preterm infants. Thrombocytosis in newborn infants is considered a reactive process (secondary thrombocytosis) following infection, acute/chronic inflammation, or anemia. Thrombocytosis in newborn infants is benign, resolves spontaneously, and, unlike in adults, is rarely associated with hemorrhagic and thromboembolic complications.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.39-46
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• 1980

This experiment has been made to evaluate the distribution of OEP-HA titer, protease-HA titer and elastase-HA titer of antibody which are the common antigen of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the serum of healthy mother-newborn infant-pairs, term pregnancy women and under 7 month old infants. By analysing the normal limt of these antibodies, it is expected that the result can be clinically applicable to the diagnosis, management and prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, which shows rapid increase nowadays, 1. The Anti OEP-HA titer showed under 1:8, a very low titer, in 73% of cord sera group, but over 1:32 in 68% of mother sera group. 2. In healthy mother-newborn infant-pairs group, the anti OEP-HA titer of mothers showed 1:56, 48, much higher than that of newborn infant, 1:16.42. from which it can be concluded that their titer has no relation between the two. 3. The anti OEP-HA titers of healthy mother and term pregnancy women showed 1:56.5 and 1:53, 4, respectively, which are very similar to each ether, but in infant group, the titer showed 1:33, 51 higher than that of cord sera, 1:16.42 4. The anti protease-HA titer showed under 1:8 in 64-77.5% of total cases, which is lower than that of anti OEP-HA titer. 5. The anti elastase-HA titer showed under 1:8 in 93.75% of cord sera group and in 70.27-76.37% of infant, term perenancy women and mother group, but in infant group, the anti elastase-HA titer showed 1:16.56 higher than that of cord sera group 1:8.5.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.31-45
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• 2003

This study is designed to produce basic data on the nursing intervention between infants and mothers after discharge from hospitals. This research is carried by investigating the nursing intervention during their after-delivery staying in the hospitals located in Pusan. The object of this study includes the neonatal wards of 51 hospitals. Data collection was carried from the 3rd of September, 2001 to the 4th of October in the same year. Tools for measurement using in this research is the nursing checklist designed by these researchers. The data were analyzed by using SPSS and the output was produced in frequency and percentage considering general characteristics and nursing activities. On the course of investigation, it was revealed that the average number of items checked are as follows; total beds in one hospital came up to 360.1, the beds in each newborn infant ward came up to 36.1, in each ward the numbers of incubators came up to 9.2 and intensive care unit to 1.7. In each ward 8.4 nurses and 2.9 nurse aids were working at that time. In each hospital, secure of air way, physical examination, eye care, umbilical cord care, maintenance of body temperature, identification of infant, nutritive condition, safety and danger management, infection management, mother-infantile interaction, medical assistant to doctor, medication and discharge education were comparatively well done. But, in case of emotional, social and cognitive aspect of nursing activities through interactions between newborn infants and nurses as substitutes are not reached to the adequate level. In the end, this study hereby suggests that further investigation on the device to facilitate the interaction between newborn infant and nurse as a nursing intervention of high quality.