• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.75-93
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• 2004

This study examined discourses on “wise-mother and good-wife” in the 1920s - 1930s by analyzing the magazine “Shinyeosung.” This study found the following: 1 “Wise-mother and good-wife” was the ideal type for the “new women” during the colonial period. Hut the role of a mother was far more important than that of a wife. 2. The dominant discourse at the time was that the “genuine” new woman was defined by her motherhood, and she could not have a job because raising children was the most Important task for her. Hut in fact, new women wanted to be a wife through free love and marriage. They wished to be a good-wife in the “new (modern) family” for their loving husbands. 3. The Ideas of “wise-mother” and “good-wife” arose from disparate backgrounds. A woman had to nurture her maternal aptitudes; but had to suppress her passion for free love and marriage. Although she had to learn Western methods of bringing up children instead of the traditional one, she was expected to practice traditional virtues of a wife, not Western attitudes. The role of a mother was decided by experts, but that of a wife was decided by husbands. The function of a good-wife was merely a clever handling of her husband, whereas the function of a mother was considered to require professional knowledge. 4. New women could differentiate themselves from “old women” through the roles of wise-mother and good-wife; nonetheless, those roles were forced by society. They did not have any other viable choices.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.49-58
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• 1970

For the purpose to clarify the effects of the mothers health during pregnancy on the weight and length of the newborn infants, this study was carried out on 500 new born infants delivered at St, Mary's Hospital, Ewha Woman's University Hospital and Red Cross Hospital in Seoul during the eight-month period from March, 1969 to October, 1969. In this study, the relationship between the T weight and length of the new born infants, and in each case, the weight, length, age, duration of labour, duration of pregnancy, weight gain during pregnancy and diets level during pregnancy of the mother were observed. The relationship between the weight and length of the new born infants and the parity n-as also observed. The results obtained in this study were as follows. 1. The weight of new born infants of both sexes was significantly correlated with the parity, the weight of the mother, and the duration of labour of the primipara. The weight of the mother and the duration of pregnancy were significantly correlated with the weight of the male new born infants only, and the weight of the new born infants and the weight gain of the mother during pregnancy were significantly correlated in the female new born infants. 2. In general, the weight of the new born infants of well or excellently nourished mothers were heavier than those of poorly nourished ones. 3. The length of the new born infants was significantly correlated mother the duration of labour in the primipara.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2002

The effects and necessity of the breast milk are well known, but the breast-feeding rate in our country is very low. One of the reason is due to the separation policy of mother and baby after delivery. The mother is in the inpatient-room and the baby is in the new-born baby room. This isolation operation of hospital get increased according to the decreasing ratio of breast feeding in Korea. Only a few hospital operates and provides the space for a new-born baby in the mother's room. The system of baby and mother in one room is adopted and operated due to the breast feeding campaign. It is very encouraging, but the space for the baby and the mother is not enough in multi-bed rooms. We should reconsider the relationship between the new-born baby unit and the obstetric ward, and design the patient's room for the baby and the mother.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.47-64
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• 2000

This study introduces the mother logit model to predict consumer's store choices. The model is not based on the IIA assumptions and thus accounts for substitution among similar alternatives. The choice data as an input to the model is obtained through the conjoint-type choice experiment. The model is applied to consumer's choice of fastfood stores in the context where new store enters the market. The analysis shows that the substitution effects are significant and therefore the mother logit model predicts better than the IIA model. The mother logit model will be useful as well for the market structure analysis in capturing cannibalization among several brands.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.271-283
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• 2001

The childbearing process is a sociocultural phenomenon of a woman who gives birth to a child as well as a biological phenomenon. The purpose of this ethnographic research study was to explore the experience of childbearing process of mothers with children from pregnancy to the 3 months postpartum in Korea and to understand deeply the perspectives of childbearing women reflected on Korean sociocultural values. A convenient sample of 10 childbearing women were observed from January to October 2000 through field work in Seoul, Korea. Data analysis was accomplished under ongoing process. The results of this study were as follows : The mothers with children experienced self-reflection, family relation, and physical adaptation during pregnancy. In self-reflection, all mothers experienced universality and diversity in their self-discovering process. The universal experiences were maturation, life with family and priority on maternal value between being a mother and a woman. The diverse experiences were taking a dual role of working mother, emotional drift of a resigned mother, and disheartened life of a mother who has two daughters. In family relation, the foundation of the new marital relationship were attained during childbearing process and sexual life were changed for the benefit of a healthy mother and a healthy baby. All mothers established friendly relations with their mothers, but established friendly or conflicting or constraining relations with their mother-in-laws due to husband based family culture. In physical adaptation, the informants endured well the physical discomfort and recognized general appearance change. Also maternal-fetal interaction occurred and mothers realistically felt motherhood and accepted themselves as mother-to-be. The mothers prepared for the best delivery, look for a safe childbirth center, newborn goods, endorsed family coping during hospitalization and responded labor pain to make it more endurable, less painful, fast passed owing to labor recognition of the natural process to be a mother. After childbirth, they felt emancipation, satisfaction, accomplishment, more easiness, actually feeling as mother-to-be, emptiness, and showed response to the sex of newborn. Their Sanhujori practice was different according to the Sanhujori environment including provider, place, time in postpartum and reflected on Sanhubyung. The mothers felt actually mother-to-be and happiness during lactation regardless of feeding pattern. These mothers had a different maternal image about rearing subjecthood through their child-rearing experience. But all mothers felt need for family support and social support. The universal rearing response were actual feeling of mother-to-be, a strenuous experience, a pride on child-rearing, confusion, reflecting marital relationship, and wondering rivalry among children. In conclusion, mother of all with children went through self-discovery, self-reflection and made connections with the family as a mother and as a woman simultaneously during the childbearing process. Therefore it is suggested when harmony and balance between a mother and a woman is accomplished, the woman will lead a healthy and high quality of life. Also, this study sought to confirm the sociocultural factors affecting the childbearing process from the perspectives of the women with children. Therefore health care providers must understand deeply the childbearing women with children based on this finding of and try a integrative approach with new ideology of maternity with biocultural perspectives in a clinical setting.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.49-66
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• 2000

Pregnancy is a task of creation in which a women mobilizes her self and the resources available to her in the generation of a new person. Through the pregnancy, a mother has formed the new human relationship with a fetus. Maternal-fetal relationship is considered one of mechanism making the relationship of mother and child. It is important to well-being of mother and fetus, too. The earliest interaction between a mother and her child is during prenatal period. Maternal-fetal dyad is unique and perceived interactions with the fetus make the pregnancy real for the mother. Maternal behavior is "instinctive" and is formed in early childhood by copy of the mother. But, Rubin argues that this behavior is an open intellectual system rather than a prepackaged bundle of traits. There is openness to new learning and a high value placed on knowing which occurs with silent organization in thought. Thus, nurses and other health professionals provide prenatal care that optimally is part of the environment in which the maternal-fetal dyad develops. Thus it is appropriate for nurses to increases their understanding of the dyad and to explore ways to enhance its development. This study focusses on the interaction ability and response of fetus, and the maternal-fetal interaction. The research of fetal responses that involve physiological changes and motor movement have been shown to coccur to both external sensory stimuli and to maternal emotional states. The fetus does also have sensory capacity to be aware of some maternal behaviors, and the motor ability to respond in a way the mother can notice. Thus, very rudimentary interactions appear to be possible. Maternal awareness of fetal activity was supported by several studies. More interesting to the present study are description of maternal-fetal interaction and the finding that there appear to be levels of sensitivity to the fetus involved in maternal-fetal interactions. First, recognition comes that the fetus is separate from the maternal self. Next, the fetus engages in. Lastly, the parent may describe active interaction with the fetus, believing that mother and fetus are communicating on a meaningful level. Several interventions, developed to promote more active interaction between mother and fetus, have been reviewed. In general, the parents were taught to stimulate the fetus and to notice the fetus' responses. This type of intervention might increase the mother's sensitivity to her unborn baby, and she may have a head start toward learning how to res pond sensitivity to the newborn infant. Research In the area of maternal-fetal interaction is scarce. Sensitive behavior is construed as an appropriate and timely response to a signal of need from another person, but no such signal of need can be claimed regarding the fetus. The highest level of maternal-fetal interaction, therefore, might be based more on maternal representations of the imagined fetus than on factual evidence of fetal participation.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1049-1069
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine post-divorce adjustment and new partnership of immigrant single mother after divorce. 4 immigrant single mothers from Vietnam were interviewed and data were analyzed by qualitative method. The results were as follows. First, immigrant single mothers coped with stress after divorce through sending their children to Vietnam, working and remittance. Second, they began dating a new man in the work place who were of various nationalities, such as Korean, Vietnamese, Uzbekistan and developed partnership to remarry, cohabit or date with deep intimacy. Third, single immigrant mothers in various partnership like remarriage, cohabitation or dating were satisfied with intimate and loving relationships and support from both sides parents and the birth of new child. However, participants were anxious about the new partner's favoritism toward the biological child and discrimination against the new partner with an unfamiliar cultural background, for example, being from a like a Muslim country. The results suggested immigrant women after divorce showed various partnership on a path towards marriage and that we should pay attention to the aspects of change in multicultural families after divorce.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.171-189
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• 2007

The purpose of this ethnography is to describe and analyze the process of becoming a wild geese mother. Thirteen mothers from New York, California, and Texas of U.S.A. were interviewed with an unstructured questionnaire. There are several different patterns of the process; 'the short term', 're-departure after returning to Korea', 'a step to initiate their family's immigration', 'sudden and unintentional'. In the first stage of the family living rearrangement, the main issues are about the wider free world, proper time for leaving and proper period for staying, where to live and my husband's independent living. The wild geese mothers perform the concrete tasks about the everyday living for the new mother-child family in the foreign country. They report their subjective interpretation for their new life.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.96-98
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• 2004

At the previous papers, we showed that K2O-CaO-P2O5 glasses had a solubility in air so that they could be used for glass fertilizer. In this work, we fabricated the Eco-glass fertilizer containing trace elements such as B, Mg, Zn, Fe, Cu, Co, and Mo by a melt-quenching process and the dissolution properties of these glasses were investigated with pH meter and ICP analyzer. In case of the glasses containing the trace elements, effect of trace elements on the dissolutions is not obvious and ignorant the stability of mother glass. Also, the dissolution amounts of each trace elements depend on the mother glass composition and the quantity of each trace element, and mother glasses determined the dissolving velocity of chemical elements.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.932-947
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was 1) analyze the current state of Sanhojoriwon; and 2) to suggest the new model for the community based mother infants health care delivery system: strategies of TMIC are related to Public Health policy, cost-effectiveness, mother infant care provision of medical professionalism, and so on. Method: Forty-seven workers from seventeen Sanhojoriwon participated to analyze several aspects of Sanhojoriwon. Using a questionnaire developed at Korean Sanhojori Research Forum (KSARF), such as the traditional and medical concept of the Sanhojori, postpartum care, Korean traditional postpartum care, job description on women and infant care at Sanhojoriwon, professional management, health care policy and the educational need. Results: Based on the descriptive study results, the TMIC, the community based transitional mother infants care center was suggested as a new model for the cyclic public health care system related on the reproductive health, using an already existing related center, Sanhojoriwon. Also, several strategies were presented on the TMIC.