• 항공우주산업기술동향
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 외국의 유명 논문 및 학회에서 발표된 최신 합성개구레이더(SAR) 기술개발 동향을 조사 및 정리하였다. SAR의 목적은 Real Aperture Antenna(RAR) 단점을 보완하기 위해서이며, 1950년대 처음으로 소개되었다. 이로부터 많은 연구자들 및 기술자들로부터 다양한 신 SAR 운용개념 및 기법들이 제안되었고 실제 구현화 하는데 성공하였다. 최근의 학회에서 소개된 미래지향 SAR 시스템 관련 개념들이 소개 및 정리되어 있다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2002년도 Proceedings of International Symposium on Remote Sensing
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• pp.448-453
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• 2002

Remote sensing technology is one of the most powerful tools for human to know the nature and their living environment. However, before microwave remote sensing was developed and applied, remote sensing application was limited strongly by weather and time. Microwave remote sensing technology solves the problem. It makes us to have the capability to acquire information at all time of the day and under all weather condition, and make remote sensing technology be used in more wider area. Microwave remote sensing system include mainly Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Microwave Radiometer, Microwave Scatterometer, and Altimeter (ALT). As SAR can acquire image whose spatial resolution is similar with visible and infrared image, it is paying much attention to and playing a more and more important role in earth observation. In recent year, the development of new SAR technology (multi-band and multi-polarization technology, InSAR technology, D-InSAR technology, and so on) makes SAR remote sensing go to an new stage, and its application area become more and more widely. The first Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) in the world appeared in 1960. After that, SAR and its application all developed very fast. Some radar satellites launched and run (include Seasat-A in 1978, ERS-1 in 1991, JERS-1 in 1992, Radarsat in 1995, and so on) promote SAR research and application in world greatly. China began to develop its SAR sensor and research SAR application in 1970s. After more than 30 years' research, it get some important development in sensor development data processing method, and application. Some operational systems have been used and play an important role. This paper will introduce the development of SAR technology and its application in China.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.131-141
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• 2014

영상 레이더 (Synthetic Aperture Radar)는 기상 상황이나 밤낮에 관계없이 지구 표면을 고해상도로 관측을 가능하게 하는 강력하고 잘 정립된 마이크로웨이브 원격 탐사 기술이다. 본 논문은 우선 기본적인 SAR 이론과 SAR 위성의 개발 동향을 정리하였고 다음으로 미래의 SAR 시스템을 위한 새로운 기술들에 대한 전반적인 내용을 정리하였다. SAR 위성을 위한 새로운 혁신적인 개념과 기술들은 디지털 빔포밍 기술, 고해상도 광역 관측 기술, 파형 부호화 기술, 단계적 스캔에 의한 지형 관측 기술 등이 될 것이다. 이러한 기술들은 미래의 우주의 SAR 위성 분야에서 중요한 역할을 할 것이다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.187-196
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• 2017

The size of raw data has dramatically increased due to the recent trend of Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) development plans for high resolution and high definition image acquisition. The large raw data has an impact on satellite operability due to the limitations of storage and transmission capacity. To improve the SAR operability, the SAR raw data shall be compressed before transmission to the ground station. The Block Adaptive Quantization (BAQ) algorithm is one of the data compression algorithm and has been used for a long time in the spaceborne SAR system. In this paper, an optimization method of BAQ threshold table is introduced using real SAR raw data to prevent the degradation of signal quality caused by data compression. In this manner, a new variation estimation strategy and a new threshold method for block type decision are introduced.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.443-461
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• 2022

Target Detection in synthetic aperture radar(SAR) image is critical for military and national defense. In this paper, we propose YOLOv4-Attention architecture which adds attention modules to YOLOv4 backbone architecture to complement the feature extraction ability for SAR target detection with high accuracy. For training and testing our framework, we present new SAR embedding datasets based on MSTAR SAR public datasets which are about poor environments for target detection such as various clutter, crowded objects, various object size, close to buildings, and weakness of signal-to-clutter ratio. Experiments show that our Attention YOLOv4 architecture outperforms original YOLOv4 architecture in SAR image target detection tasks in poor environments for target detection.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.627-636
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• 2021

SAR위성영상을 활용한 선박탐지연구는 세계적으로 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있으나, 초소형 SAR위성을 활용한 연구는 아직 소수에 불과하다. 최근 ICEYE, Capella 위성을 필두로 초소형 SAR 위성들의 활용이 가능하며, 뉴 스페이스 시대의 흐름에 맞추어 국내외에서 초소형군집위성 개발이 활발히 진행되고 있다. 현재 대부분의 초소형 위성은 광학위성이나, 운용 및 개발 진행중인 SAR (핀란드 ICEYE: 18기(~2021), 미국 Capella: 36기(~2023), 국내 해양경찰 SAR: 32기(기획 연구) 등)의 운용계획에 선제적으로 대비하기 위하여 초소형 SAR 위성의 활용방안에 대한 구체적인 논의가 필요한 시점이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 현재 운용되고 있는 광학 및 SAR 초소형 군집 위성의 현황 및 특징을 기술하였으며, 이를 활용한 연구들에 대해 조사하였다. 또한, 대표적인 초소형 SAR 위성인 ICEYE와 Capella위성의 현황 및 특징을 기반으로 초소형 SAR 위성 자료가 선박탐지연구에서 유용하게 활용될 수 있는 방안에 대해 기술하였다. 그 결과, 초소형 SAR위성은 군집으로 운용되어 재방문주기가 짧으며 고해상도 영상의 신속한 제공이 가능하다는 장점이 있어, 시간 및 공간의 고해상도 영상 수집이 필수적인 광역 해상 선박 모니터링에 크게 기여할 것으로 판단하였다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2006년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2006 PORSEC Volume II
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• pp.946-949
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• 2006

With repeated coverage, spaceborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) instruments provide the most efficient means to monitor and study the changes in important elements of the marine environment. Due to highresolution of SAR data, the coverage of SAR sensor is always limited, especially for a repeat cycle. With more SAR sensors from various satellites, new data products such as ocean surface drift can be derived when two SARs' tracks overlap in a short time over coastal areas. Currently, there are two SAR sensors on different satellites with almost the exactly same path. That is, ERS-2 is following ENVISAT with a 30-minutes delay, which will be a good timing for ocean mesosclae feature tracking. For another application, a mystery ship near a big eddy with strong ship wake has been tracked between ERS-2 and ENVISAT SAR images to estimate its ship speed.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2003년도 Proceedings of ACRS 2003 ISRS
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• pp.438-440
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• 2003

This study is introducing a new approach of ATInSAR hologram for modeling wave refraction spectra pattern. TOPSAR data with L$_{-HH}$ and C-vv bands utilized spatial variation of wave refraction. Based on the phase information in along track interferometry, and ATInSAR hologram the quantitative information such swell wave height and spectra energy have been modeled. The phase information in ATInSAR hologram images can be transferred to wave refraction The ATInSAR hologram can be used to investigate the wave refraction pattern along the coastal waters. The fringe information pattern was shown to be useful in modeling wave refaction spectra varaition. The hologram interferometry wave refraction model consists of two sub-models. The purpose of first sub-model is to determine the swell wave height by using ATInSAR. Second sub-model aims to generate the holographic interferometry from the information of two wave spectra which detected by ATInSAR technique. The azimuth cut-off variations along the fringe patterns will be estimated. As azimuth cut-off contains the wave height information which could be used the significant wave height variation in convergence and divergence zone.

• IUGG한국위원회:학술대회논문집
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• IUGG한국위원회 2003년도 정기총회 및 학술발표회
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• pp.14-14
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• 2003

SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) is an imaging radar which can scan and image Earth System targets without solar illumination. Most Earth observation Shh systems operate in X-, C-, S-, L-, and P-band frequencies, where the shortest wavelength is approximately 1.5 cm. This means that most opaque objects in the SAR signal path become transparent and SAR systems can image the planetary surface targets without sunlight and through rain, snow and/or even volcanic ash clouds. Most conventional SAR systems in operation, including the Canada's RADARSAT-1, operate in one frequency and in one polarization. This has resulted in black and with images, with which we are familiar now. However, with the launching of ENVTSAT on March 1 2002, the ASAR system onboard the ENVISAT can image Earth's surface targets with selected polarimetric signals, HH+VV, HH+VH, and VV+HV. In 2004, Canadian Space Agency will launch RADARSAT-II, which is C-band, fully polarimetric HH+VV+VH+HV. Almost same time, the NASDA of Japan will launch ALOS (Advanced land Observation Satellite) which will carry L-band PALSAR system, which is again fully polarimetric. This means that we will have at least three fully polarimetric space-borne SAR system fur civilian operation in less than one year. Are we then ready for this new all weather Earth Observation technology\ulcorner Actual imaging process of a fully polarimetric SAR system is not easy to explain. But, most Earth system scientists, including geologists, are familiar with polarization microscopes and other polarization effects in nature. The spatial resolution of the new generation of SAR systems have also been steadily increased, almost to the limit of highest optical resolution. In this talk some new applications how they are used for Earth system observation purpose.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.387-400
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• 2017

A new junction-splitting based SAR ADC with a redundant searching capacitor array structure in $0.13{\mu}m$ CMOS process to alleviate capacitor mismatch effects, is presented. The normalized average power has a factor of 0.35 to the conventional SAR ADC at 10-bit conversion accuracy. Statistical experiments show the number of missing codes resulting from the mismatch reduces by 95% for 3% unit-capacitor mismatch ratio, while keeping the conversion energy to that of the conventional JS capacitor array.