• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.619-637
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to develop a new program for elementary math-gifted students by using 'Girih Tililng' and apply it to the elementary students to improve their math-ability. Girih Tililng is well known for 'the secrets of mathematics hidden in Mosque decoration' with lots of recent attention from the world. The process of this study is as follows; (1) Reference research has been done for various tiling theories and the theories have been utilized for making this study applicable. (2) The characteristic features of Mosque tiles and their basic structures have been analyzed. After logical examination of the patterns, their mathematic attributes have been found out. (3) After development of Girih tiling program, the program has been applied to math-gifted students and the program has been modified and complemented. This program which has been developed for math-gifted students is called 'Exploring the Secrets of Girih Hidden in Mosque Patterns'. The program was based on the Renzulli's three-part in-depth learning. The first part of the in-depth learning activity, as a research stage, is designed to examine Islamic patterns in various ways and get the gifted students to understand and have them motivated to learn the concept of the tiling, understanding the characteristics of Islamic patterns, investigating Islamic design, and experiencing the Girih tiles. The second part of the in-depth learning activity, as a discovery stage, is focused on investigating the mathematical features of the Girih tile, comparing Girih tiled patterns with non-Girih tiled ones, investigating the mathematical characteristics of the five Girih tiles, and filling out the blank of Islamic patterns. The third part of the in-depth learning activity, as an inquiry or a creative stage, is planned to show the students' mathematical creativity by thinking over different types of Girih tiling, making the students' own tile patterns, presenting artifacts and reflecting over production process. This program was applied to 6 students who were enrolled in an unified(math and science) gifted class of D elementary school in Daejeon. After analyzing the results produced by its application, the program was modified and complemented repeatedly. It is expected that this program and its materials used in this study will guide a direction of how to develop methodical materials for math-gifted education in elementary schools. This program is originally developed for gifted education in elementary schools, but for further study, it is hoped that this study and the program will be also utilized in the field of math-gifted or unified gifted education in secondary schools in connection with 'Penrose Tiling' or material of 'quasi-crystal'.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.480-498
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• 1997

This study was to investigate the protective and anticirrhotic effects of Mockhyangjokisan and Haewooljoweetang on the liver cirrhosis or fibrosis induced by prolonged bile duct ligation; a new experimental model for cirrhosis and the intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine in the rat. The development of fibrosis or cirrhosis and its inhibition by the two prescriptions were examined by the chemical analysis of AST, ALT, and hydroxyproline. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The increase of serum asparate aminotransferase induced by bile duct ligation was inhibited by the administration of Mockhyangjokisan and Haewooljoweetang extract. 2. The increase of serum alanine aminotransferase induced by bile duct ligation was inhibited by the administration of Mockhyangjokisan and Haewooljoweetang extract. 3. The increased level of serum AST and AL T induced by the intraperitoneal injection of dimethylnitrosamine was inhibited by the administration of Mockhyangjokisan and Haewooljoweetang extract. 4. The increasing level of hydroxyproline volume in the damaged liver tissues in the rat was decreased by the oral administration of Mockhyangjokisan and Haewooljoweetang extract. But there were no significant differences in the inhibition rate between the two experimental groups.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.160-197
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to review research trends and issues of economic geography in Korea for the last fifty years by sub-fields of agricultural geography, industrial geography, commercial and service geography, and transportation geography. Research in Korean economic geography has progressed significantly in terms of the scope and the number of papers published during the last a half a century. Agricultural geography was a leading field of economic geography in Korea before mid-1970s. Since the mid-1970s, however, agricultural geography has turned over the leading role in economic geography to industrial geography. Classification and structure of agricultural region has been the most popular research theme in Korea, even though diverse topics has been dealt in the research of agricultulal geography in Korea during the last fifty years. In recent years, emphasis is given to study on the dynamics of agricultural region and regional differentiation of part-time farming. It is suggested that the future issues of research in agricultural geography in Korea are agricultural restructuring and changes in agricultural space under the WTO system, changes in rural area and agricultural region with the progress of informatization, changes in agricultural structures and rural society by the increase of part-time farming, governments agricultulal policy and its impacts, competitive advantages of Korean agricultulal products, and environmental impacts of agricultural restructuring. Research in industrial geography has remarkably progressed since the 1980s. Locational changes, regional industrial structure and formation of industrial region were the major topics of interest in the research of industrial geography in Korea before 1980. Since the early 1980s, in addition to the topics which were interested in before 1980, changes of industrial organization and industrial location, changes of production systems and industrial space development of high technology industries and science parks, industrial restructuring and regional economy, foreign direct investments, industrial linkages and industrial districts, and industrial policy and regional development have been the major research themes of industrial geography in Korea. Considerable number of papers has been published both in Korean journals and in foreign journals during this period. Considering global changes in the organization of industrial space, future research should be more focused on firms strategy for regaining competitive advantages, local and global perspectives of industry, industry and environmental changes, in addition to the topics which have been dealt in recent years. Research in commercial and service geography and transportation geography was negligible in Korea before the late 1970s. These two sub-fields in economic geography have begun to develop since 1980s. Periodic markets, structure of commercial area, and distribution of products were the major topics of interest in the 1980s in the commercial and service geography in Korea. In the 1990s, however reserch in producer services has been active with growth of producer services in Korean economy. It is suggested that regional changes with progress of informatization and technology, changes of international trade and regional changes, development of efficient distribution system, role of producer services in regional development, and network of producer services are the major issues to be studied in the future in the field of commercial and service geography in Korea. Commuting, distribution of products, and transportation networks have been the major topics of research in transportation geography in Korea. Diverse quantitative techniques have been applied in the most of the researches in transportation geography. It is required that future studies in transportation geography should also focus on societal and behavioral issues, policy issues regional impacts of new transportation facilities, an analysis of transportation system at the global or international level. Since the 1980s economic geography in Korea has considerably progressed with publication of papers and books. The progress can be regarded as successful in quantitative aspect, but not in quantitative aspects. For the development of Korean economic geography in both quantitative and qualitative aspects, it is necessary to promote international collaborative researches and interdisciplinary cooperations. Attention should also be given to the research on changes in competitive advantages and economic restructuring, changes of economic space with the development of high technology and the progress of informatization. economic development and culture. and foreign regional studies.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.6 no.2 s.12
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• pp.131-183
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• 2006

The Korean genetics and genomics reveal a firm willingness to participate in and contribute to the production of creative scientific knowledge at a world level at present, though they have short past histories of introduction from the Western counterparts and those of education for the next generations. But the Korean genetics and genomics have been developed in a fragmented and biased manner. By reconfiguring the various research projects of genomics into the Genome Project of Korea, which reflect a worldly trend in life science, but have been established in a scattered fashion in Korea, and incorporating some neglected areas of genetics, such as human genetics and theoretical and population genetics which can be reconstructed in a new way, a genetics-genomics research system can be formulated on the multi-tiered perspective of concept, knowledge, and institution, while the system being a subsystem of the national research system of life science in Korea. Innovation can be pursued in the systematic practice through a culturalist strategy. The culturalist strategy with the practice based on the research system consists of 1) intensification of fundamentalness of genetics and genomics, 2) advancement of communitarianism in geneticist-genomicist community, 3) research on the cultural bio-species along with the promotion of scientific arts and culture, and 4)formation of the Korean science studies of genetics-genomics and the diffusion of the knowledge produced. The first two strategy components are the ones that intends to bring out changes in the structural aspect of the scientist community in Korea. The third is the one that attempts to magnify the interface between the scientist community and the Korean society at large and increase its connectivity between both, while the fourth is the one that has an intentionality toward the Korean society outside of the scientist community. This culturalist strategy is intended to increase the cultural constructivity of the genetics-genomics research system in Korea.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2012

Lignocellulose is difficult to hydrolyze due to the presence of lignin and the technology developed for cellulose fermentation to ethanol is not yet economically viable. However, recent advances in the extremely new field of biotechnology for the ethanol production are making it possible to use of Agriculture residual biomass, e.q., Barley straw, because of their several superior aspects as Agriculture residual biomass; low lignin, high contents of carbohydrates. Barley straw consists of 39.78% cellulose (glucose), 22.56% hemicelluloses and 19.27% lignin. Pretreatment of barley straw using NaOH pretreatment solutions concentration with 2%, temperature $85^{\circ}C$ and reaction times 1 hr were investigates. $NH_4OH$ pretreatment condition was solutions concentration with 15%, temperature $60^{\circ}C$, and reaction times 24hr were investigates. Furthermore, enzymatic saccharification using cellulose at $50^{\circ}C$, pH 4.8, 180 rpm for conversion of cellulose contained in barley straw to monomeric sugar. The pretreatment of barley straw using NaOH and $NH_4OH$ can significantly improve enzymatic saccharification of barley straw by extract more lignin and increasing its accessibility to hydrolytic enzymes. The result showed NaOH pretreatment extracted yield of lignin was 24.15%. $NH_4OH$ pretreatment extracted yield of lignin was 29.09%. Shaccharification of barley straw pretreatment by NaOH for 72hr and pH 4.8 result in maximum glucose concentration 15.39g/L (58.40%) and by $NH_4OH$ for 72hr and pH 4.8 result in maximum glucose concentration 16.01g/L (64.78%).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.80-85
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• 2009

As a preliminary study in order to develop new varieties of Hericium species, this study was carried out to investigate the optimal temperature for mycelial growth, to figure out the applicability to sawdust cultivation on Quercus mongolica substrate, and to analyze the antioxidant capacity of ergothioneine and polyphenols in Hericium strains preserved in Korea Forest Research Institute (KFRI). In the results of optimal temperature for mycelial growth of eight Hericium erinaceus, it was $20^{\circ}C$ in a strain (KFRI 842), $25^{\circ}C$ in five strains (KFRI 507, 508, 509, 843, 845), and $30^{\circ}C$ in two strains (KFRI 582, 844). Optimal temperature for mycelial growth of H. coralloides (KFRI 713) was $25^{\circ}C$. Four strains (KFRI 508, 843, 844, 713) out of the total nine Hericium strains showed full mycelium growth within 20 days at the optimal temperature on PDA medium in petri-dish (85 mm in diameter). The other strains have need of more time for full mycelium growth. Mushroom production of H. erinaceus ranged from 215 to 384 g of fresh weight and its dry weight was 7 to 9% of it, whereas that of H. coralloides was 299 g of fresh weight and its dry weight was 10% of it. The contents of ergothioneine and polyphenols of H. erinaceus strains were different by strains and those were in the range of $1.6{\sim}3.7$ mg/g dw. and $5.9{\sim}7.8$ mg/g dw., respectively. On the other hand, those of H. coraloides were in the range of 1.7 mg/g dw. and 3.9 mg/g dw., respectively. From the results of correlation ($R^2$ = 0.1) between ergothioneine and polyphenols in the strains, it was found that the total contents of them differ by strains but the ratio of the two compounds was not very different in the strains.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2013

This study was conducted to establish the method for preserving PGCs that enables long-term storage in liquid nitrogen for developmental engineering or preservation of species. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of freeze-thaw treatment on viability of PGCs in chickens. PGCs were collected separately from a germinal gonad of an early embryo of 5.5~6 day (stage 28) of Isa brown, Korean Oge (KO), White Leghorn and Commercial breeds. PGCs separated from a germinal gonad of an early embryo of 5.5~6 day (stage 28) are suspended in a freezing medium containing a freezing and protecting agents (e.g. dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethylene glycol (EG) and glycerol). The PGCs were then purified using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS) method. The viability of PGCs after thawing was $87.4{\pm}0.4%$ and $89.4{\pm}0.2%$ with the 10% EG treatments with no significant difference between the Isa brown and Commercial breeds. The viability of PGCs after freeze- thawing was significantly higher for Isa brown ($87.4{\pm}0.4%$) and Commercial breeds ($89.4{\pm}0.2%$) than Korean Oge (KO) ($77.6{\pm}1.1%$) and White Leghorn ($76.2{\pm}0.9%$)(p<0.05) using 10% EG cryoprotectant. This study established a method for pre- serving chicken PGCs that enables systematic storage and labeling of cryopreserved PGCs in liquid ($LN_2$) at agermplasm repository and ease of entry into a data base. In the future, the importance for this new technology is that poultry lines can be conserved while work is being conducted on improving the production of germline chimeras.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.197-205
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• 2013

This study established a method for preserving chicken primordial germ cells (PGCs) that enables long-term storage in liquid nitrogen ($LN_2$) for preservation of the species. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of Ethylene Glycol (EG) and Propylene Glycol (PG) on viability of cryopreserved PGCs with vitrification in Korean Native Chicken (Ogye), and to fine should be find or to the optimal protocol for PGCs freezing. One of the important components of cryopreservation process is cryopreservation medium that plays a vital role in preventing cellular injury during freeze-thawing. Cryoprotective agents have been known to improve cell viability after freeze-thawing. PGCs obtained from the germinal gonade of 5.5~6 day (stage 28) chick embryos, using the MACS method were suspended in a freezing medium containing a freezing and protecting agents. Gonads were harvested from stage 28 chick embryos and pooled in groups of 10E embryos, contributing gonads to the cell suspension. The gonadal cells, including PGCs, were then frozen in 1 of the following cryoprotectant treatments: 2.5% EG, 5% EG, 10% EG, 2.5% PG, 5% PG, 10% PG, and 0% cryoprotectant as a control. Effects of exposure to vitrification solution and vitrification, with different concentrations of the cryoprotectant solution, were examined. After freezing and thawing, survival rates of the frozen-thawed PGCs from the 0, 2.5, 5, 10 and 15% EG plus FBS treatment were 44.24%, 64.51%, 85.63%, 80.51% and 73.52% (p<0.05), respectively. The viability of PGCs after freeze-thawing was significantly higher for 10% EG plus FBS treatment than for 10% PG + FBS treatment (p<0.05)(85.63% vs 66.81%). Therefore, these systems may contribute in the improvement of cryopreservation for a scarce species in birds preservation. This study established a method for preserving chicken PGC that enables systematic storage and labeling of cryopreserved PGCs in liquid N at a germplasm repository and ease of entry into a database. In the future, the importance for this new technology is that poultry lines can be conserved while work is being conducted on improving the production of germline chimeras.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.69-92
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• 2003

Registration and description of records are important elements of processing which provide with the background information of production of records and business-related information. They also enable to search and use the records. In this paper, I examined the Korean registration and description system defined in the Public Records Management Act which directs the records creating agency to register records in creating offices and directs the "professional archives" to make "basic registrations" and "detailed registrations" of the records. In the analysis and comparison of two different registration and description systems with the known international standards of records and archives management, such as ISO15489 and ISAD(G), I intended to evaluate the Korean records and archives management system and suggested recommendations for the renovation of the Korean recordskeeping system. Despite we have unique office business procedures and the culture of officialdom, and despite we have developed our system based on the established business procedures and office culture, it would be preferable to adopt or follow the international standards and established best practices. After the comparative analysis, I recommended some innovations in the filed of registration and description. For instance, in the basic registration. we would better to install an item of "simple contents summary." We may also need the multiple-level description. The fonds level description and the series level description should be introduced to our archival automated management system. We need to establish a Korean standard of description adopting the rules of the ISAD(G) and ISAAR(CPF). Essential requirements for electronic records management, such as contextual and structural information, should be incorporated in the new standard. Documentation of records disposition also should be reinforced to guarantee the authenticity of records and to ensure control of the records. To implement the recommendations for the standard, we need to amend the Public Records Management Act and its Regulations and Rules. Also it is imperative to redesign the GARS integrated archival automated management system.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.463-472
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• 1998

Biotechnology is the process of using biological system for the production of materials. Genetic engineering, a subset of biotechnology, is the process of altering biological systems by the purposeful manipulation of DNA It is a new field in biology and no topic in biology is more likely to impact our personal lives and is therefore more worthy of our attention and understanding. The purpose of this study was to investigate students' understanding of the concepts of biotechnology, and a test tool which is made up of 20 basic questions was developed for the study. The subject of this study was high school students and the sample size was 486. In order to find out the source of students' misunderstanding, we also analysed high school textbooks and teachers were given the same tool applied to students. Two-way ANOVA was used for the analysis. Major findings of this study are as following; 1. Mean score of students was 41, and there was a significant difference between the scores of boys and girls(p<0.05). Female students scored higher than male students. The variables "region" and "major" had no significant influence. 2. Students' the most misunderstood concepts were "monoclonal antibody" and "gene cloning". Many students thought that a plamid DNA originally has a useful DNA in it, which is apparently wrong. 3. Mean score of teachers was 82, and the variabes of gender and career did not have statistically significant influence on the result(p>0.05). 4. Teachers got the lowest scores on the concepts of "gene therapy", "the accomplishment of biotechnology in agriculture and medicine", and "plasmid DNA". The results of item analysis implied that teachers' misunderstanding might be a part of the sources of students' misunderstaning. 5. Out of 18 basic concepts selected in the study, only 10 concepts were explained well enough in most textbooks. The results of item analysis indicated that textbooks also could be a part of the source of students' misunderstanding.