• 제목/요약/키워드: New Contract Law of China

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중국(中國) 통일계약법상(統一契約法上) 계약(契約)의 성립(成立) (The Formation of Contract under the New Contract Law of China)

  • 이시환
    • 무역상무연구
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    • 제23권
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    • pp.93-127
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    • 2004
  • A contract is made when both parties have reached agreement, or they are deemed to have. After contract the law recognizes rights and obligations arising from the agreement. In order to discover whether agreement was reached between these two parties, we have to analyse the process of negotiation. Recently The People's Republic of China legislated a New Contract Law, which has come into effect since 1st of October 1999. This Law adapts the rules of United Nations(Vienna) Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods and the Unidroit Principles for International Commercial Contracts. And this law is now widely enforced to commercial transactions between individuals, enterprises or other economic organizations of the People's Republic of China and foreign enterprises. Therefore, the foreigner who wish to make a sales contract with Chinese should understand the rules of New Contract Law of China. According to this New Law only a contract which contain offer and acceptance is valid and binding, and it is also pointed out that terms of contact must be certain. Though an oral contract is usually equivalent to a written one, in a case of commercial transactions written contract with signature is desirable. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the new rules of this Law and the new features of their application to commercial transactions in China.

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중국의 프랜차이즈계약에 관한 연구 - 보경사건을 중심으로 - (A Study on the Commercial Franchising in China - Focus on the Baojing Case -)

  • 송수련
    • 무역상무연구
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    • 제67권
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    • pp.49-68
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    • 2015
  • In recent years in China, corresponding to a shift in consumption pattern from household basics to greater expenditure on quality of life, new franchising opportunities arise. Although the franchising prospect in China is promising, Korean companies aiming at franchising into China need to be aware of the legal framework for commercial franchise in China as this will have direct impact on their business expansion. Where franchising activities involve trade mark licence, Chinese Franchise Regulations require such trade mark licence agreement to be regulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Chinese Trademark Law. Furthermore where one party fails to perform his obligation and it impacts purpose of the contract seriously, the other party could avoid the contract in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Chinese Contract Law. To launch franchising business successfully in China, Korean companies do market research sufficiently before they may commence franchise business. Korean franchisor must register with local authorities in China by own name, and make Chinese partner take charge of management of the distribution network and invitation of franchisee partners.

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중국 신노동계약법 시행에 따른 외자 항만물류기업의 인적자원 관리전략에 관한 고찰: 주요 내용과 대응방안을 중심으로 (A Study on Human Resource Management Strategy of Foreign Shipping and Port Logistics Companies under the China's New Labor Contract Law - Focus on Contents and Countermeasures -)

  • 한병섭;김병구
    • 한국항만경제학회지
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    • 제24권2호
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    • pp.43-69
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    • 2008
  • 2007년 6월 29일, 중국은 전국인민대표대회 상무위원회 제28차 회의에서 노동계약법을 통과시켰다. 동 법규는 2008년 1월 1일부터 시행된다. 새로운 노동제도는 중국 대내 외적으로 큰 영향을 미칠 것으로 전망되고 있다. 중국의 새로운 노동제도는 중국 내에서 활동하고 있는 기업들뿐만 아니라 세계 경제에도 직접적인 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 이미 중국내에서 활동하고 있는 기업들은 노동계약법의 본격 시행에 대비한 대응 방안 마련에 부심하고 있다. 중국 정부는 노동환경 개선의 필요성 때문에 노동계약법을 제정했으나, 이미 기존의 노동법 하에서 활동해온 기업들은 당분간 새로운 제도에 대한 적응에 적잖은 어려움을 겪을 것으로 예상되고 있다. 이번 중국의 신노동계약법은 기존 근로계약의 문제점을 개선하고 노사관계를 규범화하여 노동자들의 권익을 보호하기 위한 기본 지침임을 강조하고 있다. 그러므로 근로계약법을 전체 사회 관계를 재조정하는 법률 규범으로 보고, 중국 정무의 집행 의지와 적절한 실행조치를 시험하는 동시에, 기업이 인력자원과 노사관계관리가 장기적 발전에 도움이 된다는 점을 인식하고 일정한 사회책임의식을 갖도록 요구하고 있다. 이에 따라 노동계약법 실행은 노동비용 및 기준의 상승, 기업의 인력자원관리에 대한 자주성 침해, 노사관계의 경직화과 같은 문제점을 외자기업들은 지적하고 있지만, 또 한편으로는 이번 법안의 입법 성공에 대해 노동계약법이 근로조건 개선과 노사관계의 조화 발전을 그 목표로 한다는 데에는 동의를 표하고 있다. 이러한 상황 하에서 노동계약법이 본격 시행될 경우 인건비 상승, 노무관리 부담 증가가 예상됨에 따라 인력 의존도를 낮추는 방향으로 경영체제를 정비하고 신노동계약법 시행에 대비한 직원 채용 퇴직제도, 급여시스템 등 제반 노무관리 시스템의 재정비가 요구된다. 예를 들어, 고용 인력을 최소화하는 경영체제의 도입, 장기고용 상황에 대응하는 인사노무관리체제의 정비, 공회와의 협력적 관계 구축, 노동쟁의 리스크 관리 대책 등을 수립할 필요가 있을 것이다.

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판례를 통해 본 중국의 전자상거래와 관련한 몇 가지 문제에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Legal Aspects of E-Commerce in China)

  • 이시환
    • 무역상무연구
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    • 제47권
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    • pp.213-237
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this paper is to analysis the legal aspects of e-commerce, particularly those relate to electronic contract, in China On 23 November 2005, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a Convention on the Use of Electronic Communications in International Contracts, known popularly as the Electronic Communications Convention. China signed it but the convention is not binding yet as it still requires the ratification by three states. On the other hand, China adopted a new act legalizing the electronic signature in 2004. This new act provides electronic signatures with the same legal status as handwritten signatures. But the efficiencies that business hopes to achieve through electronic commerce are not completely reflected in the legal processes necessary to support those hopes.

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영국 2015년 보험법의 해상보험 담보특약 제도에 대한 연구 -한국과 중국의 판례를 중심으로- (A Case Study on the Warranty in Marine Insurance under the Insurance Act 2015 in the UK -The Case of Korea and China-)

  • 안태건;김성룡;이승은
    • 무역학회지
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    • 제45권3호
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    • pp.133-146
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    • 2020
  • In the UK's the insurance law 2015, a remedy for breach of warranty in marine insurance was introduced. Also, if the insured proves that breach of warranty in marine insurance does not affect damages, the insurer pays the insurance money to the insured. The UK's marine insurance law has served as the governing law that has been the standard for the marine insurance industry for a long time. Korea and China were heavily influenced by the UK maritime insurance law. Therefore, this study analyzed the cases of breach of warranty in marine insurance in Korea and China. Through this, the insurer avoid the insurance contract for an accident that occurred after the breach of warranty. this result will be different under the new revised insurance law system. With the revision to The Insurance Act 2015, one of the biggest change in the insurance system is that it is possible to remedy of the violations of warranty. However, such a revision of the law requires considerable attention as it also changes the interpretation and judgment of the courts. Accordingly, a practical response of the insurance industry is required. It is necessary to prepare for possible disputes in practice.

지적재산권분쟁의 중재적격에 관한 연구 -한국과 중국을 중심으로- (A Study on Arbitration Qualification of Intellectual Property Right Dispute - Focus on Korea and China -)

  • 최송자
    • 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.27-46
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    • 2011
  • In the intellectual based society of the 21th century, intellectual property of nation and enterprise management has been the key element of nation's competitiveness and development. Therefore in countries like Korea, China, and many other countries, intellectual property of advancement strategy are being constructed and intellectual properties are protected at national level. Top priority task of protecting the intellectual property is to efficiently resolute intellectual property right disputes. Considering the nature of intellectual property right and arbitrage system, arbitration to solve intellectual property disputes is realistically the best method. However, not all cases of them are qualified. In order to relieve the intellectual property disputes through arbitration, qualification must be obtained. During the process, generally and globally, intellectual property right dispute is evaluated by three parts, intellectual property right contract dispute, intellectual property right violation dispute, and intellectual property right validity dispute. Based on UN's "Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards Agreement" in 1958, June 10th, in New York, both arbitrage organization and judgment can be approved in both Korea and China countries. However, as of today, there is a big gap of arbitration qualification between two countries, which can be troublesome if intellectual property right disputes arise. For instance, in Korea, intellectual property right contract disputes and intellectual property right violation disputes are both generally accepted as arbitration qualification. However for intellectual property right validity dispute, arbitration qualification is only accepted for non-registered intellectual property as in copyright entity. It does not apply to other registered intellectual property right as in patents. In China, arbitration qualification is accepted for intellectual property right contract dispute, and also accepted for intellectual property right violation dispute to copyrights but restricted to others. As for intellectual property right validity dispute, arbitration qualification is completely denied. Therefore, when there is an intellectual property right dispute between Korea and China, the biggest problem is whether China will accept arbitrage judgments made in Korea. Theoretically, arbitrage judgement made in Korea should be also accepted in China's court. However, considering the criticism of China's passive nature of arbitration qualification for its own local intellectual property right disputes, it's very unlikely they'll actively accept arbitrary judgment made in foreign countries. Korea and China must have a more open minded approach for intellectual property disputes and arbitration qualification. Base on WTO's Intellectual Property Right Agreement, it's being defined as private right. Therefore, sovereign principle should be the basic principle of solving intellectual property right disputes. Currently, arbitration qualification is expanding internationally. So both Korea and China must also follow the trend expand the arbitration qualification with a more open minded and forward looking approach, for the good of intellectual property disputes.

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The Law of Aircraft Leasing in the People's Republic of China : Achievements and Challenges

  • Yu, Dan
    • 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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    • 제30권2호
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    • pp.155-176
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    • 2015
  • 리스는 중국 항공사들이 해외 제조업체들로부터 항공기를 도입해올 때 사용하는 한 가지 방법이며 중국 항공사들은 리스를 30년 넘게 사용해왔다. 항공기 리스는 본질적으로 금전적 거래의 성격을 지니고 있으며 임대인(리스회사)은 임대된 항공기의 보유권을 양도하는 방식을 통해 임차인에게 재원을 제공한다. 30년 전 중국이 리스 방식을 통해 항공기를 들여오기 시작했을 때, 중국 국내법은 이러한 리스 활동들을 규제하기에 매우 불충분했다. 그러므로, 당시에 항공기 리스 법에 대한 제정이 촉발되었으며 일부 수확들이 존재했다. 현재는 계약, 물권, 채무불이행, 파산 구제책 등의 측면들과 관련된 항공기 활동들을 조정하는 규제들이 존재한다. 그러나 시스템이 개선되기 위해서는 탐구의 과정들을 거쳐야 하듯이, 중국의 항공기 리스 법 역시 아직 많은 도전들에 직면하고 있다. 특히 국내 리스 산업의 부상과 밝은 전망으로 인해 항공기리스의 새로운 거래 구조와 모형들이 떠올랐으며, 이는 현재의 법적 체계에 대한 도전으로 작용하고 있다. 항공기 리스와 관련된 중국 법 제도의 주요 내용과 역사에 대한 소개를 기반으로, 본 논문은 계약, 물권, 구제책들과 관련된 현 중국 법안들의 성과와 도전들에 대한 분석을 제공한다.

한·중 FTA 체결에 따른 청년창업 활성화방안에 관한 연구 (The study on the Ways to Activation of the Youth Starting up a Business by Korea-China FTA)

  • 김동호
    • 무역상무연구
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    • 제69권
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    • pp.617-632
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    • 2016
  • After contracting of Korea-China FTA, we have expected the trade volume has mutually been increasing a lot. If we are using this contract, we would make an activation of Korea economy. Especially, Korea youngman has been caught a big chance to make a business in Korea & China. For example, Xian, which is one of center of silk road, has become big strategy area. As we need to focus on this area, we will be expected to indirect influences of consumer's industries like cosmetic, fishery products, food service, eco-friendly items. Recently, the youngman starting up a business has become a trend of kinds of alternative new job. Then, we have to provide practical solution for young man. One of this solution is 'starting up a business'. In this study, I empirically investigated the relation between Korea-China FTA and the youth starting up a business. So, I believe that this study can light up on the direction of effective starting up for making & success a business in China.

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세계경제위기와 '노동계약법'의 결합효과로서 중국 파견노동의 증가 (Increase of Labor Dispatching in China as a Combined Effect of the Global Financial Crisis and the 'Labor Contract Act')

  • 백승욱
    • 산업노동연구
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.177-211
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    • 2013
  • 중국에서 고용의 이원체제라 할 수 있는 '쌍궤제'는 개혁개방 시기 들어서도 사라지지 않고, 도시호구와 농민공이라는 분할선을 통해 최근까지도 유지되고 있다. 2천년대 들어 이원체제를 해소하려는 노력이 <노동계약법>의 반포로 실현되는 듯 했으나, <노동계약법>의 절충적 성격에 덧붙여 2008년 세계금융위기가 발발하면서 중국 고용의 이원체제는 파견노동의 증가라는 새로운 방식으로 다시 강화되고 있다. 중국에서 파견노동은 예외적이 아니라 정규적이 될 만큼 대규모로 빠르게 증가하고 있다. 중국에서 파견노동은 국유기업의 구조조정 과정에서 직접 해고를 방지하는 방식으로 실업문제를 해소하려던 시도를 배경으로 하고 있다는 점에서 중국적 특색을 보이고 있다. <노동계약법>과 세계경제위기의 결합 효과는 파견노동을 규제하기보다 더욱 늘리도록 작용하였고, 특히 파견노동은 '역방향 파견'이라는 방식의 편법을 허용하여 비용과 법률적 부담을 줄이려는 기업들에 의해 넓게 활용되고 있다. 파견노동은 새로운 이원체제를 형성시키고 있고, 새로운 이원체제는 기업의 부담을 파견업체로 이전하는 구도에 의해 강화되고 있다. 중국에서 고용의 이원체제는 여전히 보호가 필요한 층을 보호로부터 더 배제시킨다는 문제를 낳고 있다.

The Main Contents and Task in Future for the Air Transport Law Established Newly in the Korean Revised Commercial Law

  • 김두환
    • 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.75-101
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    • 2012
  • As the Reublic of Korea revised the Commercial Code including 40 articles of air transport enacted newly on May 23, 2011, so Korea became first legislative examples in the Commercial Code of the developed and developing countries. I would like to explain briefly the main contents of my paper such as (1) history of enacting newly Part VI (air transport) in the Korea's revised commercial law, (2) legal background enacting newly Part VI (air transport) in the Korea's revised commercial law and the problems on the conditions of air transport, (3) every countries' legislative examples on the civil liability of aircraft's operator, (4) unlawful Interference Convention and general risk convention of 2009, (5) main contents and prospects of the revised Commercial Code for the liability of aircraft's operator etc as the followings. Meanwhile as the Aviation Act, Commercial Code and Civil Code in Korea and Japan did not regulated at all the legal basis of solution on the disputes between victims and offender for the amount of compensation for damage due to personal or property damage caused by aircraft accidents in Korea and Japan, so it has been raised many legal problems such as protection of victims, standard of decision in trial in the event of aircraft accident's lawsuit case. But the Korean Revised Commercial Code including Part VI, air transport regulations was passed by the majority resolution of the Korean National Assembly on April 29, 2011 and then the South Korean government proclaimed it on May 23 same year. The Revised Commercial Code enforced into tothe territory of the South Korea from November 24, 2011 after six month of the proclaimed date by the Korean Government. Thus, though Korean Commercial Code regulated concretely and respectively the legal relations on the liability of compensation for damage in the contract of transport by land in it's Part II (commercial activities) and in the contract of transport by sea in its Part V (marine commerce), but the Amended Commercial Act regulated newly 40 articles in it's Part VI (air transport) relating to the air carrier's contract liability on the compensation for damage caused by aircraft accidents in the air passengers and goods transport and aircraft operator's tort liability on compensation for damage caused by the sudden falling or collision of aircraft to third parties on the surface and so it was equipped with reasonable and unified system among the transport by land, marine and air. The ICAO adopted two new air law conventions setting out international compensation and liability rules for damage caused by aircraft to third parties at a diplomatic conference hosted by it from April 20 to May 2, 2009. The fight against the effects of terrorism and the improvement of the status of victims in the event of damage to third parties that may result either from acts of unlawful interference involving aircraft or caused by ordinary operation of aircraft, forms the cornerstone of the two conventions. One legal instrument adopted by the Conference is "the Convention on Compensation for Damage to Third Parties, Resulting from Acts of Unlawful Interference Involving Aircraft" (Unlawful Interference Convention). The other instrument, "the Convention on Compensation for Damage Caused by Aircraft to Third Parties" (General Risk Convention), modernizes the current legal framework provided for under the 1952 Rome Convention and related Protocol of 1978. It is desirable for us to ratify quickly the abovementioned two conventions such as Unlawful Interference Convention and General Risk Convention in order to settle reasonably and justly as well as the protection of the South Korean peoples.

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