• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.247-256
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• 1974

The Merit variety of soybean (Glycine max L.), harvested in 1971 was germinated in the dark at $21{\sim}25^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. The soybean sprout were divided into cotyledons and seedling axis and subjected to the determination of lipoxygenase activity and fatty acid composition of triglycerides, free fatty acids, phosholipids and crude fat fractions at two-day intervals during the germination periods. The results are summarized as follows 1) The lipoxygenase activity in cotyledons declined sharply after second day, but the activity in seedling axis inclined slightly after second day. However, the decrease of lipoxygenase activity in cotyledons coincided with decrease of linoleic and linolenic acids in cotyledons and increase of lipoxygenase activity in seedling axis coincided with increase of those acids in seedling axis. 2) The iodine value of neutral fat in cotyledons decreased continuously, but the iodine value of the neutral fat in seedling axis remained almost constant. iodine value in cotyeldons was greater than in seedling axis. 3) In the fatty acid composition of triglycerides in cotyledons, palmitic acid did not changes significantly, stearic acid increased continuously, oleic acid changed irregularly, linoleic and linolenic acids continuously decreased significantly. But in the fatty acid composition of triglycerides in seedling axis, palmitic acid remained unchanged, linoleic and linolenic acids slightly increased continuously, stearic and oleic acids changed irregularly. 4) Composition of free fatty acids in cotyledons and seedling axis changed irregularly, suggesting that all fatty acids produced by hydrolysis of triglycerides by lipase are used(or either biosynthetic Purpose or energy Production at random. 5) Fatty acids with odd-numbered carbon chain were not detected in the triglycerides and free fatty acid fractions during the germination periods, suggesting that all fatty acids are utilized as $C_2$-unit in degradation and biosynthesis. 6) The changes of fatty acids composition of Phospholipid in cotyledons and seedling axis during the germination were similar to these of triglyceride fraction.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.265-270
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• 2022

This paper proposes the detection algorithm for switch open fault of asymmetric 6-phase PMSM based on stationary reference frame dq-axis currents. In this paper, target motor has an asymmetric structure in which two upper three windings have an electrical phase difference of 30° and a neutral point is separated. As a result, dual 3-phase PWM inverters and the detection techniques due to open failures of switch are definitely required. In this paper, the dual dq-axis current control method is used for driving the asymmetric 6-phase PMSM and the open fault switch should be detected by using variable all pass filter and low pass filter in order to detect the current amplitude. The effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method is verified by several experiments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2001.07a
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• pp.237-242
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• 2001

The stochiometric mix of evaporating materials for the CuGaSe$_2$ single crystal thin films was prepared from horizontal furnace. To obtain the single crystal thin films, CuGaSe$_2$ mixed crystal was deposited on thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate by the Hot Wall Epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and substrate temperature were 610$^{\circ}C$ and 450$^{\circ}C$, respectively The crystalline structure of single crystal thin films was investigated by the photoluminescence and double crystal X-ray diffraction (DCXD). From the photocurrent spectrum by illumination of perpendicular light on the c-axis of the CuGaSe$_2$ single crystal thin film, we have found that the values of spin orbit splitting Δ So and the crystal field splitting ΔCr were 91 meV and 249.8 meV at 20 K, respectively. From the Photoluminescence measurement on CuGaSe$_2$ single crystal thin film, we observed free excition (Ex) existing only high quality crystal and neutral bound exiciton (D$^{\circ}$,X) having very strong peak intensity. Then, the full-width-at-half-maximum(FWHM) and binding energy 7f neutral acceptor bound excision were 8 meV and 35.2 meV, respectivity. By Haynes rule, an activation energy of impurity was 355.2 meV

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1196-1204
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• 1997

Cotton, rayon/cotton, and Tencel twill weave fabrics were used to investigate the effect of fiber types on the cellulase washing finish. And twill. basket, and derivative weave cotton fabrics were used to study the weave effect. Various fabrics were treated with neutral cellulase varying treatment times and with acid cellulase, stone, and stone-neutral cellulase respectively for two hours in a rotary washer. Weight loss decreased in the order of rayon/cotton> cotton> Tencel, and basket and derivative weave fabrics lost more weight than twill weave fabric. Color difference decreased in the order of cotton> Tencel> rayon/cotton, and twill weave fabric had larger color difference than derivative and basket weave fabrics. Back staining decreased in the order of cotton> rayon/cotton> Tencel, and twill weave fabric had larger back staining than derivative and basket weave fabrics. Tear strength retention decreased in the order of rayon/cotton> cotton> Tencet and twill weave fabric had larger tear strength retention than derivative and basket weave fabrics. Flex stiffness retention decreased in the order of cotton> Tencel> rayon/cotton, and in the order of derivative> twill> basket weave. In cotton fibers, damage of primary wall was observed. And the cellulase treatment on Tencel seemed to roughen the fabric surface slightly, and to fibril fibers along the fiber axis.

• Transactions of the Korean hydrogen and new energy society
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2022

Micro hydropower is a readily available renewable energy source that can be harvested utilizing hydrokinetic turbines from shallow water canals, irrigation and industrial channel flows, and run-off river stream flows. These sources generally have low head (<1 m) and low velocity which makes it difficult to harvest energy using conventional turbines. A horizontal-axis screw turbine was designed and numerically tested to extract power from such low-head water sources. The 3-bladed screw-type turbine is placed horizontally perpendicular to the incoming flow, partially submerged in a narrow water channel at no-head condition. The turbine hydraulic performances were studied using Computational Fluid Dynamics models. Turbine design parameters such as the shroud diameter, the hub-to-shroud ratios, and the submerged depths were obtained through a steady-state parametric study. The resulting turbine configuration was then tested by solving the unsteady multiphase free-surface equations mimicking an actual open channel flow scenario. The turbine performance in the shallow channel were studied for various Tip Speed Ratios (TSR). The highest power coefficient was obtained at a TSR of 0.3. The turbine was then scaled-up to test its performance on a real site condition at a head of 0.3 m. The highest power coefficient obtained was 0.18. Several losses were observed in the 3-bladed turbine design and to minimize losses, the number of blades were increased to five. The power coefficient improved by 236% for a 5-bladed screw turbine. The fluid losses were minimized by increasing the blade surface area submerged in water. The turbine performance was increased by 74.4% after dipping the turbine to a bottom wall clearance of 30 cm from 60 cm. The final output of the novel horizontal-axis screw turbine showed a 2.83 kW power output at a power coefficient of 0.63. The turbine is expected to produce 18,744 kWh/year of electricity. The design feasibility test of the turbine showed promising results to harvest energy from small hydropower sources.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.33.2-34
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• 2016

The unification model of active galactic nuclei invokes the presence of a thick molecular torus that hides the broad emission line region from a line of sight toward observers with low latitude. It is expected that the illuminated side of the molecular torus may be photodissociated by strong far UV radiation from the central AGN, forming an H I region with a high neutral column density. We propose that the Rayleigh scattering optical depth of this HI region can be significant for most broad $Ly{\alpha}$ line photons with the Doppler factor not exceeding 104 km s-1. Rayleigh scattered $Ly{\alpha}$ photons can be characterized by strong linear polarization depending on their scattering optical depth. We performed Monte Carlo simulations of polarized radiative transfer of $Ly{\alpha}$ adopting simple scattering geometries relevant to the unification model of AGN. We find that for a low torus the Rayleigh scattered $Ly{\alpha}$ is polarized in the direction parallel to the symmetry axis with the polarization degree dependent on wavelength. In the case of a high torus, the core part of $Ly{\alpha}$ is polarized in the direction perpendicular to the symmetry axis whereas the wing part is parallelly polarized. We conclude that careful spectropolarimetry around $Ly{\alpha}$ can be useful in testing the AGN unification model.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1773-1780
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• 2016

This paper proposes a wide air-gap control method for the multi-module permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (MM-PMLSM) based on independent vector control. In particular, the MM-PMLSM consists of symmetrical multi-module and multi-phase structures, which are basically three-phase configurations without a neutral point, unlike conventional three-phase machines. In addition, there are no additional magnetic levitation windings to control the normal force of the air-gap between each stator and mover. Hence, in this paper, a dq-axis current control applying a d-q transformation and an independent vector control are proposed for the air-gap control between the two symmetric stators and mover of the MM-PMLSM. The characteristics and control performance of the MM-PMLSM are analyzed under the concept of vector control. As a result, the proposed method is easily implemented without additional windings to control the air-gap and the mover position. The effectiveness of the proposed independent vector control algorithm is verified through experimental results.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2014

Background: Normal elbow joint kinematics has been widely studied in cadaver, whilst in vivo study, especially of the forearm, is rare. Our study analyses, in vivo, the kinematics of normal forearm and of malunited forearm using a three-dimensional computerized simulation system. Methods: We examined 8 patients with malunited Monteggia fracture and 4 controls with normal elbow joint. The ulna and radius were reconstructed from CT data placing the forearm in three different positions; full pronation, neutral, and full supination using computer bone models. We analyzed the axis of rotation 3-dimentionally based on the axes during forearm rotation from full pronation to full supination. Results: Axis of rotation of normal forearm was pitch line, with a mean range of 2 mm, from full pronation to full supination, connecting the radial head center proximally and ulnar fovea distally. In normal forearm, the mean range was 1.32 mm at the proximal radioulnar joint and 1.51 mm at the distal radioulnar joint. However in Monteggia fracture patients, this range changed to 7.65 mm at proximal and 4.99 mm at distal radoulnar joint. Conclusions: During forearm rotation, the axis of rotation was constant in normal elbow joint but unstable in malunited Monteggia fracture patients as seen with radial head instability. Therefore, consideration should be given not only to correcting deformity but also to restoring AOR by 3D kinematics analysis before surgical treatment of such fractures.

• International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials
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• v.18 no.1E
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• pp.11-16
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• 2006

The use of the current ACI 318 stress block parameters has been reported to provide unconservative estimations of the moment capacities for high-strength concrete columns. Accordingly, several concrete stress block parameters have been recently proposed. This paper discusses various concrete stress block parameters for high-strength concrete and their influences on the code provisions. In order to adopt the proposed stress block parameters to the design code, it is necessary to understand the impact of the change of the stress block parameters on various aspects of the code provisions. For this purpose, the influence of using of different stress block parameters on the location of the neutral axis and the tensile strain in extreme tension steel as well as the axial and moment capacities are investigated. In addition, the influence on the prestressed concrete members is also elucididated.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.135-156
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• 2001

Analytical solutions and finite element results of laminated composite plates with smart material layers embedded in them are presented in this study. The third-order plate theory of Reddy is used to study vibration suppression characteristics. The analytical solution for simply supported boundary conditions is based on the Navier solution procedure. The velocity feedback control is used. Parametric effects of the position of the smart material layers, material properties, and control parameters on the suppression time are investigated. It has been found that (a) the minimum vibration suppression time is achieved by placing the smart material layers farthest from the neutral axis, (b) using thinner smart material layers have better vibration attenuation characteristics, and, (c) the vibration suppression time is larger for a lower value of the feedback control coefficient.