• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 1996

Eight Philoppine forages were studied to obtain the following: 1) nutrient concentrations and digestibility, 2) distribution of the various minerals in fiber fractions through mineral analyses of neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) residues, and 3) correlation coefficients among the factors affecting forage quality and mineral concentrations. These Philippine forages were paragrass [Brachiaria mutica (Forsk.) Stapf], stargrass (Cynodon plectostachyum Pilger), napiergrass (Pennisetum purpureum Schumach.) calopo (Calopogonium muconoides Desv.), centrocema (Centrocema pubescens Benth.), gliricidia [Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp.] leucaena [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.] and sesbania [Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Poir]. Species differences(p<0.01) were observed on various nutrient fractions including mineral composition and digestibility. The cell wall(NDF) fraction, prepared by boiling in neutral detergent solution, contained the following proportions of the total mineral originally present (%): calcium (Ca), 0.7; phosphorus(P), 14.3; magnesium(Mg), 1.9; potassium(K), 3.7; copper(Cu), 16.4; zinc(Zn), 2.9; molybdenum(Mo), 9.3; cobalt(Co), 16.2; manganese(Mn), 5.6, and iron(Fe), 81.3. The ligno-cellulose(ADF) fraction, prepared by boiling in acid detergent solution, contained the following proportions of the total mineral originally present(%): Ca, 0.2; P, 4.4; Mg, 0.7; K, 2.8; Cu, 32.3; Zn, 1.1; Mo, 8.9; Co, 4.7; Mn, 5.4; and Fe, 36.8. Correlation coefficients among the factors affection forage quality and mineral concentrations were also observed. Evidently, 75 and 45% of the minerals in grasses and legumes was positively correlated to CP and IVDMD, respectively. Moreover, 55, 80 and 75% of the forage minerals was negatively correlated to NDF, ADF and ADL fraction, respetively, implying that most of the minerals reside in the non-structural cell components.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.411-425
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• 2004

The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of applying times and dilution rates of cattle slurry with water on dry matter yields and feed values of orchard grass. Cattle slurry was applied at the rates of average nitrogen fertilizer equivalent to 150kg/ha/year in 3 cutting frequency. Significantly higher dry matter yields than that of no fertilization (7.36 ton DM/ha) were recorded in the application of diluted cattle slurry (10.74~13.54 ton DM/ha) (p<0.05). Especially, this tendency was shown with higher annual dry matter yields at the partitioned dressing times, such as at the applications for 1st and 3rd growth, 2nd and 3rd growth, and 1st, 2nd and 3rd growth respectively. The yields of annual dry matter at fertilizing phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen were higher than no fertilization as 12.42 tons per ha. However, with application of diluted cattle slurry, dry matter yields per year (11.96 ton DM/ha) were significantly higher than those of fertilizing phosphorus and potassium (7.52 ton DM/ha) (p<0.05). The efficiencies of dry matter production with mineral and cattle slurry nitrogen application (kg DM/kg N) were 32.7 and 13.4~26.9kg DM/kg N respectively. Especially, these tendencies were higher in diluted application plots than in no-diluted application plots of cattle slurry. The contents of crude protein (CP, %), neutral detergent Eber (NDF, %), acid detergent fiber (ADF, %), annual yields of CP (kg/ha) and total digestible nutrient (TDNY, kg/ha) of orchardgrass were significantly higher at the application of diluted cattle Slurry than those at non-fertilizer application (p<0.05).

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.320-325
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• 1988

전남 서남해안에서 생산되는 수출용 해조가공품인 마른미역, 마른다시마, 찐톳, 마른김, 마른파래, 한천을 시료로 하여 Dietary Fiber의 함량, 보수성 및 밀도를 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. Dietary Fiber 중 Neutral Detergent Fiber는 찐톳이 41.52%로 가장 많고, 한천이 0.05%로 가장 적었으며, Acid Detergent Fiber도 찐톳이 26.20%로 가장 많고, 한천이 0.01%로 가장 적게 나타났다. Lignin은 찐톳이 6.94%로 가장 많고, 마른김과 한천은 거의 존재하지 않았으며, Hemicellulose는 마른김이 25.79%로 가장 많고, 한천이 0.04%로 가장 적게 나타났다. 또한 Cellulose는 찐톳이 19.26%로 가장 많고 한천이 0.01%로 가장 적게 나타났다. 보수성은 마른미역이 $16.6g{\cdot}waer\;/\;g{\cdot}A.D.P$로 가장 큰 값을 보였고, 기타 시료는 $6.1{\sim}8.5g{\cdot}water\;/\;g{\cdot}A.D.P)$로 비슷하였으며, 침지시간 및 입자크기별 보수성의 변화는 크게 나타나지 않았다. 밀도는 Direct density가 $500{\sim}806mg/ml$Bulk density가 $0.562{\sim}0.833g\;/\;cc$Hydrated density가${1.4{\sim}2.01g\;/\;ml$Hydrated volume expansion이$102{\sim}160%$였으며, Direct density와 Bulk density의 값은 대체로 상응하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.693-701
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• 2003

In order to evaluate the nutritive value of the forage plants in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, 266 samples (61 grasses and 65 legumes grown in the dry season, 60 grasses and 80 legumes grown in the rainy season) were collected from the highland and lowland in 1998 to 2000, and were subjected to the determination of chemical composition and digestibility. The least-squares analysis of variance demonstrated that the in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of grasses was not significantly affected by season or altitude. On the other hand, the some proximate components and cell wall components were significantly affected by season and altitude including the season${\times}$altitude interaction. For the legumes, the in vitro neutral detergent fiber digestibility (IVNDFD) and cellulose content were significantly affected by season. On the other hand, the ether extract (EE) content was significantly affected by season and altitude. The interaction of the season${\times}$altitude for IVDMD, of the year${\times}$season for some proximate components and of the year${\times}$season and the season${\times}$altitude for some cell wall components were significant. These results indicate that the forages grown at highland in dry season have a relatively high quality. The means of the total digestible nutrient (TDN) content estimated from IVDMD in grasses and in legumes were 50.3% and 57.4%, respectively, and the crude protein contents were 7.7% and 17.6%, respectively. The correlation coefficients between IVDMD and the contents of crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were relatively high in all of forage plants, suggesting that these components would provide an accurate prediction of digestibility or TDN content. A close relationship between IVNDFD and lignin content indicates that the lignin would be the most accurate predictor of cell wall digestibility.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.73-82
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• 1994

A study was conducted to develop a new analytical method to quantitate chicken dietary fiber (CDF). Four types of grain diets and 2 types of forages were used. Three broiler chicks at eight weeks of age were used in the Latin square design to estirnate the in vivo digestibility. Six quantitative analytical methods (Southgate method, total dietary fiber or TDF, acid detergent fiber or ADF, neutral detergent fiber or NDF, crude fiber or CF) including CDF were compared in this study. ADF, NDF and CF contained the lowest amount of the unavailable carbohydrate(UC). The value of TDF was higher than the values of ADF, NDF and CF and lower than CDF and the Southgate method. The value of NDF showed the lower values than the CDF, Southgate fiber and TDF. The recovery rate of the fiber in the feces was high in the TDF, ADF, NDF and CF, while CDF and Southgate fiber showed lower recovery rates. TDF, NDF, ADF, or CF can replace chromium in the digestibility test, while the CDF and Southgate fiber can not replace chrorniurn. The digestibility of TDF, NDF, ADF and CF in the chicken showed negative values or values close to zero depending on the types of feed but the digestibility of CDF and Southgate fiber showed relatively high positive values.

• Plant Resources
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2003

To determine as optimal sowing time of forage rape in spring time in southern areas of Korea, forage rape cv. Velox, the highest yielding variety among introduced varieties of forage rape, was grown under five different sowing times. Yield components such as plant length, number of branches and number of leaves etc. were higher at the sowing time of Mar. 15 and Mar. 25. The plants sown at Mar. 15 and Mar. 25 also showed highest fresh and dry matter yield. When plants were grown under later sowing time, they showed higher values in content of crude protein and lower values in contents of crude fiber such as Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber (ADF), cellulose and lignin. There was no relationship between variation of In Vitro Dry matter Digestibility (IVDMD) and sowing time. The plants sown at Mar. 15 and Mar. 25 showed highest digestible dry matter yields.

• Plant Resources
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.170-173
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• 2004

To determine optimal plant density of forage rye in southern areas of Korea, forage rye cv. Paldanghomil, the highest yielding variety among experimental varieties of forage rye, was grown under five different plant density. Yield components such as plant height, and number of leaves were highest at the broad casting. Plants sown at broadcasting also showed highest fresh and dry matter yield. When plants were grown of the broad casting, they showed higher values in content of crude protein and lower values in contents of crude fiber such as neutral detergent fiber(NDF), acid detergent fiber(ADF), cellulose and lignin. There was no relationship between variation of in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) and plant density. Plants sown at the broad casting showed highest digestible dry matter yields.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.852-856
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• 2004

쌈샐러드 11종류의 일반성 분과 구조탄수화물인 식이섬유류(TDF, IDF, SDF, NDF, DFi)를 측정하였다 쌈샐러드의 조단백질과 조지방 함량이 2∼3배 높았으며 조회분의 경우 곡류보다 7배 가량 높았다. 전조물 기준으로 TDF 함유량에 있어서 Costamary가 32.61%로 낮았으나 Treviso가 41.22%로 높았으며, IDF는 Red leaf beet이 21.58%로 낮았고, Treviso가 28.95%로 높았으나 SDF는 Nakai이 6.60%로 낮았고 Common danelion이 14.70%로 매우 높았다. 건물기준으로 total carbohyate는 Salad bowl이 73.65%로 가장 높았고 Red leaf beet이 36.30%로 가장 낮았고, NDF는 Nakai가 48.83%로 가장 높았고 Red leaf beet이 29.60%로 가장 낮았다 ADL은 Salad bowl이 27.65%로 높았고 가장 낮은 것은 Com salad로 2.92%였으며 hemicellulose는 Nakai가 22.55%로 가장 높았고 Salad bowl이 2.15%로 낮았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.576-584
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• 1988

다수계 품종인 남풍, 밀양 23호와 일반계 품종인 화성, 진홍을 현미, 백미 그리고 겨로 구분한 12가지 시료에 대하며 불용성 식이섬유와 용해성 식이섬유로 구분하여 측정하였고 이를 합하여 총 식이섬유로 하였다. 한편 남풍, 밀양 23호, 화성 그러고 진흥 현미를 정백률 92%로 도정하는 과정에서 얻어진 겨로부터 neutral detergent fiber(NDF)를 분리하였다. 이 식이섬유의 특성을 측정하고자 수분 결합력(water-binding capacity, WBC), pH 변화에 따른 철분과의 결함정도. 담즙염과의 결합 정도를 측정 하였다. 이상의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 현미, 백미 그리고 겨의 총 식이섬유 함량은 각각 6.44%, 3.22%그리고 22.24%였으며, 현미는 백미에 비해 2배 정도의 식이섬유를 공급할 수 있다. 2. Neutral detergent fiber(NDF)의 특성 실험에서 수분 결합력 (WBC)은 평균 $5.60{\pm}0.87g\;H_2O/g$ NDF로 수분 결합력이 커서 장관에서 물이나 작은 분자들을 흡수하여 팽창하며 궁극적으로 bulk flow에 영향을 미치게 된다. 3. 철분과의 결합력은 pH 5.0에서는 평균 24.63%, pH 6.0에서 19.64%, pH 7.0에서 48.98%로 pH에 따른 결합정도의 차이가 켰으며, 이러한 성질로 인해서 무기질의 흡수를 저해하므로 음식물 증에 식이섬유 함량이 높을 때 무기질의 흡수문제를 고려하여야 한다. 4. 식이섬유와 담즙염과의 결합정도는 $100{\mu}M$ sodium taurocholate의 농도에서 평균 $31.02{\pm}2.15%$가 결합 되었다. 식이성유의 이러한 기능으로 콜레스테롤의 재 흡수와 배설에 영향을 미쳐 혈장 콜레스테롤 농도를 낮추는 효과가 있는 것으로 추정된다. 의한 보호효과를 보면 전분과 자당을 동시첨가한 자당첨가동시보호구가 무보호 갈변경우에 비하여 20.5%정도 증가하였다. Fructosyl-lysine의 함량은 전분 첨가에 관계없이 갈변에 의하여 10배 이상 증가하였고 전분 첨가에 의한 보호효과를 보면 보호 방법에 관계없이 보호구가 무보호 갈변구에 비하여 $12.6{\sim}15.8%$ 정도 감소하였다. 진공포장함으로서 저장중 지질산패, 갈변 등 품질저하를 억제시킬 수 있었다.>가 20mM, $Na_2SO_3{\cdot}7H_2O$가 15mM 그리고 $NaHSO_3$가 25mM로 나타났다., 수원(水原)19호(號)와 제천옥(堤川玉)에서는 linoleic acid가 가장 높게 나타났다. 8) 당지질(糖脂質)의 구성지질성분(構成脂質成分)은 MGS, MGC 그리고 MGDG를 함유(含有)하며, MGS와 MGC는 진주옥(晋州玉)에서 가장 높은 반면에, 횡성옥(橫城玉)과 제천옥(堤川玉)에서는 가장 낮게 나타났다. 9) 총지질(脂質)의 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)은 oleic, palmitic, linoleic그리고 heptadecanoic acid가 주성분(主成分)을이루고, 진주옥(晋州玉)에서 oleic acid가 가장 높은 반면에 heptadecanoic acid는 가장 낮게 나타났고, 제천옥(堤川玉)에서는 이와 반대(反對) 경향(傾向)을 보였다. 10) 순지질(燐脂質)의 구성지질성분(構成脂質成分)은 PI 및 PC를 함유(舍有)하며, 횡성옥(橫城玉)과 황옥(黃玉) 3호(號)에서 PI가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 11) 순지질(燐脂質)의 지방산조성(脂肪酸組成)은 palmitic, heptadecanoic 그리고 oleic acid가 주성분(主成分)을 이루고, 횡성옥(橫城玉)에서 oleic acid가 가장 높은 반면에, heptadecanoic acid는 가장 낮게

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.188-199
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• 2015

Nineteen tanniferous browse plants were collected from South Africa to investigate their digestibility, gas production (GP) characteristics and methane production. Fresh samples were collected, dried in forced oven, and ground and analyzed for nutrient composition. In vitro GP and in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) were determined using rumen fluid collected, strained and anaerobically prepared. A semi-automated system was used to measure GP by incubating the sample in a shaking incubator at $39^{\circ}C$. There was significant (p<0.05) variation in chemical composition of studied browses. Crude protein (CP) content of the species ranged from 86.9 to 305.0 g/kg dry matter (DM). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) ranged from 292.8 to 517.5 g/kg DM while acid detergent fiber (ADF) ranged from 273.3 to 495.1 g/kg DM. The ash, ether extract, non-fibrous carbohydrate, neutral detergent insoluble nitrogen, and acid detergent insoluble nitrogen and CP were negatively correlated with methane production. Methane production was positively correlated with NDF, ADF, cellulose and hemi-cellulose. Tannin decreased GP, IVOMD, total volatile fatty acid and methane production. The observed low methanogenic potential and substantial ammonia generation of some of the browses might be potentially useful as rumen manipulating agents. However, a systematic evaluation is needed to determine optimum levels of supplementation in a mixed diet in order to attain a maximal depressing effect on enteric $CH_4$ production with a minimal detrimental effect on rumen fermentation of poor quality roughage based diet.