• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.245-250
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• 2015

Silibinin, a natural flavonoid antioxidant isolated from extracts of the milk thistle herb, has recently been identified as having anti-hepatotoxic and anticancer properties. In this paper, we investigated the effects of silibinin on behavior and neuroplasticity in mice subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). After 5 consecutive weeks of CUMS, the mice were treated with silibinin (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg by oral gavage) for 3 consecutive weeks. The results showed that silibinin administration significantly alleviated the CUMS-induced depressive-like behavior, including the total number of squares crossed and the frequency of rearing in the open field test, the immobility time in the tail suspension test and the forced swimming test. Furthermore, silibinin treatment increased the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Our study provides new insight into the protective effects of silibinin on the depressive status of CUMS mice, specifically by improving neuroplasticity and neurotransmission.

• BMB Reports
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• v.51 no.11
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• pp.545-546
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• 2018

With emerging evidence on the importance of non-cell autonomous toxicity in neurodegenerative diseases, therapeutic strategies targeting modulation of key immune cells. including microglia and Treg cells, have been designed for treatment of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases. Strategy switching the patient's environment from a pro-inflammatory toxic to an anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective condition, could be potential therapy for neurodegenerative diseases. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) regulate innate and adaptive immune cells, through release of soluble factors such as $TGF-{\beta}$ and elevation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and T helper-2 cells (Th2 cells), would play important roles, in the neuroprotective effect on motor neuronal cell death mechanisms in ALS. Single cycle of repeated intrathecal injections of BM-MSCs demonstrated a clinical benefit lasting at least 6 months, with safety, in ALS patients. Cytokine profiles of CSF provided evidence that BM-MSCs, have a role in switching from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory conditions. Inverse correlation of $TGF-{\beta}1$ and MCP-1 levels, could be a potential biomarker to responsiveness. Thus, additional cycles of BM-MSC treatment are required, to confirm long-term efficacy and safety.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.301-311
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• 1994

Most patients treated by physical therapists have suffered some neurological trauma resulting from disease or injury. The traditional teaching used to be that damage of central neurons is irreversible. However, it has been necessary to cast aside this traditional view because of accumulating evidence that the brain is endowed with remarkable plasticity. This paper reviews the literature relating to neuroplasticity within the brain and draws implications pertinent to physical therapy practice.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.441-453
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to characterize lesion development, neural plasticity, and motor learing after spinal cord injury. Facilitatory intervention such as weight bearing and locomotor training after SCI may be more effective than compensatory strategies at inducing neuroplasticity and motor recovery. Minimal tissue sparing has a profound impact on segmental systems and recovery of function Spinal animal could functional locomotion when subjected to repetitive stimulation. task-specific learning of isolated lumbar spinal could improve motor performance more then other task learning.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 2020

Tinnitus is a prevalent disorder that has no cure currently. Within the last two decades, neuroscientific research has facilitated a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the generation and maintenance of tinnitus, and the brain and nerves have been identified as potential targets for its treatment using non-invasive brain stimulation methods. This article reviews studies on tinnitus patients using transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, alternating current stimulation, transcranial random noise stimulation as well as transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and bimodal combined auditory and somatosensory stimulation. Although none of these approaches has demonstrated effects that would justify its use in routine treatment, the studies have provided important insights into tinnitus pathophysiology. Moreover bimodal stimulation, which has only been developed recently, has shown promising results in pilot trials and is a candidate for further development into a valuable treatment procedure.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.113-118
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• 2020

Tinnitus is a prevalent disorder that has no cure currently. Within the last two decades, neuroscientific research has facilitated a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie the generation and maintenance of tinnitus, and the brain and nerves have been identified as potential targets for its treatment using non-invasive brain stimulation methods. This article reviews studies on tinnitus patients using transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial electrical stimulation, such as transcranial direct current stimulation, alternating current stimulation, transcranial random noise stimulation as well as transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation and bimodal combined auditory and somatosensory stimulation. Although none of these approaches has demonstrated effects that would justify its use in routine treatment, the studies have provided important insights into tinnitus pathophysiology. Moreover bimodal stimulation, which has only been developed recently, has shown promising results in pilot trials and is a candidate for further development into a valuable treatment procedure.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.812-820
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• 2022

Depression is a psychiatric disorder characterized by depressed mood, anhedonia, fatigue, and altered cognitive function, leading to a decline in daily functioning. In addition, depression is a serious and common mental illness not only in an individual's life but also in society, so it must be actively treated. Autophagy is involved in the pathophysiological mechanism of mental illness. According to a recent study, it is known that autophagy-induced apoptosis affects neuroplasticity and causes depression and that antidepressants regulate autophagy. Autophagy is a catabolic process that degradation and removes unnecessary organelles or proteins through a lysosome. And, it is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis. Autophagy is activated in stress conditions, and depression is a stress-related disease. Stress causes damage to cellular homeostasis. Recently, although the role of autophagy mechanisms in neurons has been investigated, the autophagy of depression has not been fully studied. This review highlights the new evidence for the involvement of autophagy in the pathophysiological mechanisms and treatment of depression. To highlight the evidence, we present results from clinical and preclinical studies showing that autophagy is associated with depression. Understanding the relevance of autophagy to depression and the limitations of research suggest that autophagy regulation may provide a new direction for antidepressant development.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.826-840
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• 2020

Vertigo is one of the most common complaints encountered by physicians and the patients are steadily increasing. These patients are exposed to the risk of secondary accidents such as falls due to vertigo. There are two ways to improve this symptom: medication and rehabilitation. Although temporary symptomatic improvement may be expected in patients treated with medication, vertigo may recur and medication can delay central compensation. In contrast vestibular rehabilitation exploits central mechanisms of neuroplasticity to increase postural stability and enhance visual-vestibular interactions in situations that generate conflicting sensory information. However, vestibular rehabilitation may be compromised by incorrect performance of exercises, and there is a need for active effort and interest from the patient during rehabilitation. To solve these problems, we decided to apply FOVE HMD for eye-tracking and Unity3D to create virtual reality. The proposed eye-tracking based algorithm calculates the concentration of users with eye tracking data and calculates the motion width of the patient with nystagmus, thus the severity of the patient according to the score can be determined. According to our experimental test against healty group and patients group, this result showed the meaningful data to use define the contents result.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.286-297
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• 2024

Brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to modify its structure, accompanied by its functional changes. It is influenced by learning, experiences, and dietary factors, even in later life. Accumulated researches have indicated that ginseng may protect the brain and enhance its function in pathological conditions. There is a compelling need for a more comprehensive understanding of ginseng's role in the physiological condition because many individuals without specific diseases seek to improve their health by incorporating ginseng into their routines. This review aims to deepen our understanding of how ginseng affects brain plasticity of people undergoing normal aging process. We provided a summary of studies that reported the impact of ginseng on brain plasticity and related factors in human clinical studies. Furthermore, we explored researches focused on the molecular mechanisms underpinning the influence of ginseng on brain plasticity and factors contributing to brain plasticity. Evidences indicate that ginseng has the potential to enhance brain plasticity in the context of normal aging by mediating both central and peripheral systems, thereby expecting to improve age-related declines in brain function. Moreover, given modern western diet can damage neuroplasticity in the long term, ginseng can be a beneficial supplement for better brain health.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.365-373
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• 2016

This research clarified a neuroscientific mechanism from somatics in dance contents developed using somatics methods through literature studies. To clarify these, first, I organized neuroscientific mechanism in somatics, second, researched neuroscientific mechanism in dance contents adopted from somatics practice. Somatics is limited to Feldenkrais Method. It is possible to explain neuroscientific mechanism through neuro-plasticity, proprioception and Sensory Integration. As a result Gaga and Tamalpa take the method Awareness thorugh Movement from Feldenrkrais. They integrate newly formed networks by informations from proprioceptive senses. This study is significant that suggest brain scientific practices in dances and somatics, explain mechanism between brain and body in dance practices and provide a base that explains mechanism of body movement in a view of brain science to choreographers and dancers to apply this mechanism in their study and training.