• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-67
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• 2009

Tarsal tunnel syndrome is often misdiagnosed it shares clinical features with other diseases of the lower extremity such as lumbar radiculopathy and arthritis. Failure to diagnose and treat neuropathies effectively can cause permanent neuropathic pain. We report a case of a ganglion cyst detected early using ultrasonography and MRI in a 51-year-old man who complained of rapidly aggravating pain, numbness and paresthesia on the great toe and the first metatarsal area in the sole, symptoms that resembled tarsal tunnel syndrome. Surgical treatment could be performed early with no permanent sequelae. We could also avoid repeated steroid injections or prescription medications.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.310-318
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• 2020

The sciatic nerve is the largest nerve among the peripheral nerves, and the damage to the sciatic nerve is caused by mechanical and physical pressure. This is an important disease that consumes a lot of time and money in the treatment process. Among them, research on relieving nerve pain caused by damage to the peripheral sciatic nerve has been made efforts to prevent and treat this disease through various methods such as drugs, natural products, electrical stimulation, exercise therapy, and massage. Existing treatments are not very effective in neurological pain, and countermeasures are needed. Forsythia Fructus, used in this study, has been used as a therapeutic agent for infectious diseases and a pain reliever for cancer from the past, and in past studies, it has been known to properly control the inflammatory response. In this study, rengyolone, a physiologically active substance of Forsythiae Fructus, was administered to rats that caused chronic left nerve pain to verify the pain relief effect. As a result of the experiment, it was found that mechanical pain and cold stimulation pain were significantly reduced in the rengyolone-treated group compared to the non-administered group. In addition, it was found that nerve growth factor (NGF) mRNA expression was significantly reduced and Cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdc2) expression was increased in the rengyolone administration group. This increase in NGF expression is thought to be related to rengyolone's anti-inflammatory regulatory mechanism. It is expected that the reduced NGF was directly involved in pain relief.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.77-79
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to suggest a new detection method for early diagnosing diabetic neuropathic foot by obtaining a ratio of toe to figer blood flow using photoplethysmography(PPG). Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) has been routinely used for diagnosing neuropathic foot, but it applies strong electric stimulus to peripheries resulting in stress and pain. The blood flow ratio of diabetic neuropathy(0.96${\pm}$0.20) was significantly higher in comoarison to normal control group(0.46${\pm}$0.15, left : p<0.05, right : p<0.05) and non-neuropathy diabetic group(0.49${\pm}$0.21, left: p<0.05. right: p<0.05).

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.252-255
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• 1999

Numbers of patients who have chronic pain seem to be increasing even in the psychiatric practice. One report in Korea showed more than 40% of psychiatric patients who visited out-patient clinic were suffered from chronic pain and one third of those patients were needed treatment for the on-going pain. For evaluating and treating those patients the charateristics of illness behavior should be understood. Abnormal Illness behavior was found as one of the most influential factors which led symptoms complicated and chronified. This symposium was planned to illustrate how to manage the patients whose pain are associated with arthropathy and connective tissue diseases, neuropathic pain and headache more effectively and efficiently. So, It is hoped to get fruitful knowledges for the management of chronic pain in the scope of consultation-liaison psychiatry.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.159-164
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• 2003

Results : 1. The most important concept of IMS is chronic pain illness that may develop into hypersensitivity of the nerves, i.e., neuropathy. 2. Muscle shortening may be triggered by stress, including emotional, physical, external, and internal factors. 3. Muscle shortening increases mechanical tension on the muscles as well as inducing abrasion of the tissues by stretching ligament, tendon, cartilage, bone, and etc. 4. Pain from neuropathy is normally manifested on musculoskeletal system and spasm or shortening play as the central axis of this pain. 5. Neuropathy often appears at the nerve root level and the most important decisive factor of radiculopathy is muscle shortening. 6. Spondylosis is the most common cause of radiculopathy. 7. The most significant treatment principle of IMS is to relieve muscle shortening and remove stimulating determinant from the vertebrae. 8. Dry needling is quite effective for treating various pain caused by muscle shortening.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.224-228
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• 2008

Ulnar nerve compression in the cubital tunnel is a common entrapment syndrome of the upper limb. Pulsed radiofrequency lesioning (PRFL) has been reported as a treatment method for relieving neuropathic pain. Since the placement of the electrode in close proximity to a targeted nerve is very important for the success of PRFL, ultrasound seems to be well suited for this technique. A 36-year-old woman presented with complaints of numbness and pain on the medial aspect of the elbow and the pain radiated down to the $4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ fingers for 10 years after she suffered an elbow contusion, we then scheduled this woman for the ultrasound guided PRFL of the ulanr nerve. The initial ultrasound examination demonstrated a swollen nerve, loss of the fascicular pattern and an increased cross sectional area of the ulnar nerve. After confirmation of the most swollen site of the nerve via ultrasound, two sessions of PRFL were performed. The postprocedural 10 cm visual analog scale score decreased from 8 to 1 after the two sessions of PRFL.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.74-80
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• 2011

Background: Lidocaine patch (L5P) has demonstrated short-term efficacy in treating both acute surgical pain and chronic neuropathic pain with tolerable side effects. Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) is the mainstay of minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS). Sufficient analgesia during PELD surgery makes the patient consider it real MISS. This study was performed to evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of lidocaine patch in patients who underwent PELD under local anesthesia. Methods: L5P (L group) or placebo (P group) was randomly applied on the skin of the back covering the anticipated path of the working channel before 1 hour of surgery in 100 patients who underwent a single level PELD at L4-L5. Efficacy of the lidocaine patch was assessed by patient's numeric rating scale (NRS) of pain at each stage during the surgery and by a 5-scale grading of the satisfaction with the anesthesia of the operator and patients after surgery. Results: Mean NRS scores at the stages of needle insertion, skin incision, serial dilation and insertion of working channel, and subcutaneous suture were significantly lower in the L group than the P group. Postoperative operator's and patients' satisfaction scores were also significantly higher in L group than in the P group. There were subtle adverse effects in both groups. Conclusions: L5P provided better pain relief during PELD, especially at the stage of needle insertion, skin incision, serial dilation and insertion of working channel, and subcutaneous suture. It also provided higher patient and operator postoperative satisfaction, with only subtle adverse effects.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.208-215
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• 2020

Zoster sine herpete (ZSH) is one of the atypical clinical manifestations of herpes zoster (HZ), which stems from infection and reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in the cranial nerve, spinal nerve, viscera, or autonomic nerve. Patients with ZSH display variable symptoms, such as neuralgia, however, different from HZ, ZSH show no zoster, which makes clinical diagnosis difficult. ZSH not only causes initial symptoms, such as neuropathic pain in the affected nerve, Bell palsy, and Ramsay Hunt syndrome, but also postherpetic neuralgia and fatal complications such as VZV encephalitis and stroke. The misdiagnosis of ZSH and tardy antiviral treatment may lead to severe ZSH sequelae. We review the publications related to ZSH, especially its diagnosis with VZV DNA and/or anti-VZV immunoglobulin (IgG and IgM). More work about ZSH, especially ZSH epidemiological survey and guidelines for its diagnosis and treatment, are needed because most of the present studies are case reports.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.384-393
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• 2008

Many dental surgeries including implant surgery, orthognathic surgery etc, have possibility of neurologic injury. As neurosensory dysfunction has no definitive treatment modality and shows slow recovery, patients have discomforts and make the legal conflicts with surgeons. The purpose of this study was to survey the types and subjective evaluation of patients with neurosensory dysfuction after dental surgery. This study included 66 patients with postoperative neurosensory dysfunction who were operated at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital from Dec 2003 to Jun 2007. Male were 28 and female were 38. Age was from 17 to 74 years old. The results of subjective evaluation of neurosensory dysfunction were as followings. 1. The sites of the altered sensation were chin, lip, tooth, tongue and so on. 2. 40.7% of the patients didn't explain accurately about their symptoms. 29.2% of the patients expressed anesthesia and 26.2% mild discomfort. 3. The altered sensation was expressed mostly in touching, mastication and speaking. 52.3% of the patients suggested that their symptoms always existed. 4. Neuropathic pain existed in 44.6% of the patients. 48.3% of the patients suggested that pain was triggered by touching. Neuropathic pain always existed in 41.4% of the patients. 5. Patients showed negative responses on the question that they will take operations which cause the risk of neurosensory dysfunction in the future. The objective and subjective evaluation about the altered sensation after nerve injury nerver coincide. The subjective complaint can affect the result of treatment and daily life negatively.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.95-102
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• 2009

Purpose: This study evaluates MCP-1 expression in the dorsal horn of a rat model of lumbar disc herniation by an autograft of the nucleus pulposus to the spinal nerve. Methods: After a coccygeal nucleus pulposus graft to the left $5^{th}$ lumbar spinal nerve, proximal to dorsal root ganglion, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed 1 day before surgery, and 1, 10, 20, 30 days after surgery. The mRNA of MCP-1 in the dorsal horn was assessed by real time PCR to compare the temporal pattern of neuropathic pain of the lumbar disc herniation model. Results: In the ipsilateral side of the lumbar disc herniation models, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia reached a maximum at 10 days after surgery with significant difference from the control group. Pain was also provoked in the contralateral side of the lumbar disc herniation models with less intensity than the ipsilateral side. The level of MCP-1 mRNA expression in the dorsal horn reached a peak at 20 days after surgery. Conclusion: Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia was induced by nucleus pulposus in a rat lumbar disc herniation model, similar to a previously reported peripheral nerve injury model. The level of MCP-1 expression was higher in the dorsal horn of the ipsilateral and contralateral sides. These results suggest that MCP-1 might play a role in the maintenance of neuropathic pain.