• Molecules and Cells
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2008

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) mediates various responses to stress through CRF receptors 1 and 2. CRF receptor 2 has two forms, $2{\alpha}$ and $2{\beta}$ each of which appears to have distinct roles. Here we used dopaminergic neuron-derived MN9D cells to investigate the function of CRF receptor 2 in dopamine neurons. We found that n-butyrate, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, induced MN9D cell differentiation and increased gene expression of all CRF receptors. CRF receptor $2{\beta}$ was minimally expressed in MN9D cells; however, its expression dramatically increased during differentiation. CRF receptor $2{\beta}$ expression levels appeared to correlate with neurite outgrowth, suggesting CRF receptor $2{\beta}$ involvement in neuronal differentiation. To validate this statement, we made a CRF receptor $2{\beta}$-overexpressing $MN9D/CRFR2{\beta}$ stable cell line. This cell line showed robust neurite outgrowth and GAP43 overexpression, together with MEK and ERK activation, suggesting MN9D cell neuronal differentiation. From these results, we conclude that CRF receptor $2{\beta}$ plays an important role in MN9D cell differentiation by activating the MEK/ERK signaling pathway.

• 한국표면공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국표면공학회 2016년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.122.2-122.2
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• 2016

Surface topographical cues has been highlighted to control the fate of neural stem cells (NSCs). Herein we developed a hierarchically patterned substrate (HPS) platform for regulating NSC differentiation. The HPS induced cytoskeleton alignment and highly activated focal adhesion in hNSCs as indicated by enhanced expression of focal adhesion proteins such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and vinculin. hNSCs cultured on HPS exhibited enhanced neuronal differentiation compared to flat group. We also developed a graphene oxide (GO)-based hierarchically patterned substrates (GPS) that promote focal adhesion formation and neuronal differentiation of hNSCs. Enhanced focal adhesion and differentiation of hNSCs on the HPS was reversed by blocking the ${\beta}1$ integrin binding and mechanotransduction-associated signals including Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) and extracellular-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway, which may suggest a potential mechanism of beneficial effects of HPS. In addition, hNSCs on the HPS differentiated into functional neurons exhibiting sodium currents and action potentials as confirmed by whole cell patch-clamping analysis. The hierarchical topography can direct differentiation of NSCs towards functional neurons, and therefore would be an important element for the design of functional biomaterials for neural tissue regeneration applications.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 2006년도 Spring Conference
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• pp.33-58
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• 2006

• BMB Reports
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.122-126
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• 2010

Homozygous staggerer ($RORa^{sg/sg}$) mice showed a severe ataxia caused by cerebellum degeneration. Decreased and dysfunctional Rora is a main cause of this neurologic phenotype. The phenotype of staggerer mice has been well known in cerebellum. However, there has been rarely reported about cerebrum even though of staggerer is expressed in merely cerebellum but hippocampus, thalamus, cortex, and olfactory bulb. The expressions of Ki67, doublecortin (DCX), and NeuN, which are cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation and mature neuron markers, respectively, were measured with immunohistechemistry in dentate gyrus in staggerer mice in order to uncover whether staggerer can affect the change in dentate gyrus. The immunoreactivities of DCX and NeuN were significantly reduced in the dentate gyrus of staggerer mice than normal control, while Ki67 were rarely unchanged in staggerer mice. These results suggest that staggerer mutation has an influence on the neuronal differentiation and development not only in cerebellum but also in dentate gyrus.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2003

본 실험은 해수 미세 조류인 Chlorella capsuiata로부터 신경세포에 대한 활성을 증가시키는 기능성물질을 분리하여 해수자원의 생체 조절자원으로서의 가능성을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 선별된 해수 Chlorella를 이용하여 활성물질을 분리한 뒤, 그 물질의 신경활성을 탐색하였다. C. capsulata의 물 추출물로부터 분리된 분획물(CCE)의 분자량은 약 45KDa(data not shown)으로 기존에 연구된 60~100 KDa보다 더 낮은 범위에서 물질이 분리되었으며, 이는 현재 발표된 많은 연구결과에서 주장하는 물질들과는 다른 종류의 물질임을 제시하고 있어 이에 보다 심층적인 연구가 수행되어져야 한다고 생각된다. 실험 결과를 통해 볼 때 활성을나타낸 주된 물질은 C. capsulata의 수용성 성분으로 생각되어지며, 260 nm에서 최대 흡광도를 나타내는 물질로 C. capsulate에 존재하는 단백질이 열 변성에 의해 탄수화물과 결합한 glycoprotein의 형태로 존재하는 것으로 추측되지만 일부의 연구결과에서 280nm에 최대 흡광도를 보이는 활성물질이 glycoprotein이라고 주장하고 있어 이 분획물(CCE)에 대한 좀더 심도 깊은 연구가 수행되어져야 한다고 생각된다. 이는 최근에 발표된 Chiorella의 기능성과 관련한 논문들에서 언급한 내용들과 유사한 결과를 나타내지만 대부분이 담수조류에 대한 활성 탐색의 결과임을 감안한다면 본 실험을 통해 해수 미세조류로부터 분리된 물질의 새로운 활성물질로서의 가능성을 제시한 것이라 하겠다. 또한, 다른 유기용매를 통해 활성물질을 분리하는 것과 달리 순수한 물을 통해 Chlorella의 수용성 성분을 추출하는 것이 좀더 신경세포의 활성을 증가시킨다는 것을 확인하였다. 앞으로 이 수용성 물질에 대찬 면역활성과 in vivo 실험을 통해 좀더 깊은 연구가 수행되어지고, 나아가 대량배양기술, 분리정제 기술이 뒷받침된다면, 고비용의 동물세포를 이용한 신경활성물질을 대체할 새로운 신경 활성물질 개발은 물론 다방면에 걸친 생체 조절기능을 가진 기능성 소재로서 활용 범위가 점차 확되지 않을까 생각한다.

• International Journal of Stem Cells
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2024

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) such as human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells, and somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT)-hESCs can permanently self-renew while maintaining their capacity to differentiate into any type of somatic cells, thereby serving as an important cell source for cell therapy. However, there are persistent challenges in the application of hPSCs in clinical trials, where one of the most significant is graft rejection by the patient immune system in response to human leukocyte antigen (HLA) mismatch when transplants are obtained from an allogeneic (non-self) cell source. Homozygous SCNT-hESCs (homo-SCNT-hESCs) were used to simplify the clinical application and to reduce HLA mismatch. Here, we present a xeno-free protocol that confirms the efficient generation of neural precursor cells in hPSCs and also the differentiation of dopaminergic neurons. Additionally, there was no difference when comparing the HLA expression patterns of hESC, homo-SCNT-hESCs and hetero-SCNT-hESCs. We propose that there are no differences in the differentiation capacity and HLA expression among hPSCs that can be cultured in vitro. Thus, it is expected that homo-SCNT-hESCs will possess a wider range of applications when transplanted with neural precursor cells in the context of clinical trials.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.169.2-170
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• 2003

Erythropietin (EPO), a hematopoietic factor is also required for normal brain development, and its receptor is localized in brain. Therefore, it is possible that EPO could act as a neurotropic factor inducing differentiation of neurons. The present study, we therefore investigated whether EPO can increase differentiation of undifferentiated cortical neuron isolated from postneonatal (Day 1) rat brains and PC12 cell, undifferentiated dopaminagic cell line. EPO dose (1-100 U/ml) dependently increased cell differentiation and expression of differentiation marker gene (neurofilament and tyrosine hydroxylase) in both cells. (omitted)

• BMB Reports
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• 제55권9호
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• pp.447-452
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• 2022

Neurogenic differentiation 1 (NeuroD1) is an essential transcription factor for neuronal differentiation, maturation, and survival, and is associated with inflammation in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced glial cells; however, the concrete mechanisms are still ambiguous. Therefore, we investigated whether NeuroD1-targeting miRNAs affect inflammation and neuronal apoptosis, as well as the underlying mechanism. First, we confirmed that miR-30a-5p and miR-153-3p, which target NeuroD1, reduced NeuroD1 expression in microglia and astrocytes. In LPS-induced microglia, miR-30a-5p and miR-153-3p suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase, extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38, and the expression of cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) via the NF-κB pathway. Moreover, miR-30a-5p and miR-153-3p inhibited the expression of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes, NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, and IL-1β, which are involved in the innate immune response. In LPS-induced astrocytes, miR-30a-5p and miR-153-3p reduced ERK phosphorylation and iNOS expression via the STAT-3 pathway. Notably, miR-30a-5p exerted greater anti-inflammatory effects than miR-153-3p. Together, these results indicate that miR-30a-5p and miR-153-3p inhibit MAPK/NF-κB pathway in microglia as well as ERK/STAT-3 pathway in astrocytes to reduce LPS-induced neuronal apoptosis. This study highlights the importance of NeuroD1 in microglia and astrocytes neuroinflammation and suggests that it can be regulated by miR-30a-5p and miR-153-3p.

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물학회 1996년도 한국생물과학협회 국제학술대회
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• pp.151.2-151
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• 1996

No Abstract, See Full Text

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.247-251
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• 2001

Differentiating HiB5 cells, a rat hippocampal cell line, expressed neuregulins and showed constitutive activation of a neuregulin receptor, ErbB2, suggesting development of a neuregulin autocrine loop. RT-PCR analyses indicated that HiB5 cells produced SMDF and NDF, but not GGF, during the differentiation. None of neuregulin isoforms were detected in proliferating HiB5 cells. The neuregulins in HiBS cells, at least in part, are the $\beta$-isoforms of which the most of neuronal neuregulin isoforms are. The expression of SMDF and NDF was enhanced by PDGF and bFGF that promote cell survival and differentiation, suggesting a close relationship between the synthesis of neuregulins and the differentiation process. HiB5 cells have ErbB2 and ErbB4, but not ErbB3 receptors. Constitutive tyrosine phosphorylation of ErbB2 was detected in HiB5 cells that had not been exposed to exogenous GGF.