• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.585-590
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• 2022

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of neuromuscular training of ballet dancers with chronic ankle instability on ankle stability and posture controlability. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: A total of Thirty-twoyoung female ballet dancers with chronic ankle instability have voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were randomized to the neuromuscular training group(n₁=11), elastic resistance squat group(n₂=11), and control group(n₃=10). The intervention was applied to a total of 18 exercises per six weeks and conducted in each group for one hour a day, three times a week. All subjects were evaluated for Cumberland ankle instability tool(CAIT), static balance at before-after intervention. Results: In the comparison of the effects within the groups, the effect of the intervention on CAIT and posture control was significantly increased in the neuromuscular training group and elastic resistance squat group (p <0.05). In the comparison of the effects between the groups, the neuromuscular training group, and elastic resistance squat group were found to significantly increase more than the control group (p <0.05). The effect of ankle stability is similar in neuromuscular training and elastic resistance squat training, neuromuscular training is more effective in improving posture control rather than elastic resistance squat training. Conclusions: When planning a rehabilitation training program for a ballet dancer with chronic ankle instability, neuromuscular training can be applied as an intervention method to improve ankle stability and posture control ability.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.19-30
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effects of NMES for recovery of skeletal muscle. Methods: The normal group consisted of healthy rat without cast immobilization. The control group was breeding at standard cage during 7 days after 2 weeks-cast immobilization on hind limb. The experimental group. I. received NMES application during days after 2 weeks-cast immobilization on hind limb. The effects were measured with NT-3 immunoreactivity in neuromuscular junction by light microscope. Results: Immunoreactivity of NT-3 at the neuromuscular junction was higher appeared experimental groups than control group. Then, There was a little detection in the normal and control group. Conclusion: These therapeutic interventions enhance expression of NT-3 at the neuromuscular junction. Also, NMES is considered to effect on a normal structural formation and NT-3 expression at the neuromuscular junction.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.236-241
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• 2019

Purpose: This study examined the effects of aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise on the balance, gait ability, and depression in patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Thirty patients with chronic stroke were assigned randomly to an experimental (n=15) or control (n=15) group. The experimental group performed aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise. The control group performed ground proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise. Training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, five days per week for six weeks. The balance ability was measured using the Berg balance scale. The gait ability was measured using the 10 Meter walk test. Depression was measured using the Beck depression inventory. Results: As a result of a comparison within groups, the experimental and control group showed a significant difference for balance, gait ability, and depression after the experiment (p<0.05). In a comparison between the two groups, the experimental group, in which aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise was applied, showed more significant changes in balance, gait ability, and depression than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, aquatic proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation pattern exercise effectively improved the balance, gait ability and depression in patients with chronic stroke.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 2017

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of short neck flexor strengthening in proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on swallowing function in patients with chronic stroke and to provide basic data for swallowing rehabilitation in stroke patients. Method : The study involved 30 chronic stroke patients who visited ${\bigcirc}{\bigcirc}$ General Hospital in Daegu Metropolitan City between March and July, 2017. The subjects were randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n=15) or a control group (n=15). Both groups underwent traditional swallowing rehabilitation therapy for 30 minutes five times a week over a six-week period. The experimental group performed short neck flexor exercises, which are part of the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, for 30 minutes three times a week over a six-week period. The control group performed neuromuscular electrical stimulation for 30 minutes three times a week over a six-week period. Based on its results, changes in the patients' swallowing function and degree of food intake were analyzed. Result : In terms of the ASHA NOMS scale and new VFSS scale, the experimental group and the control group showed statistically significant changes in ten sub-items and six sub-items, respectively. Statistically significant differences in one sub-item were found between the groups. Conclusion : PNF-based short neck flexion exercise appear to be effective at improving swallowing function of stroke patients with dysphagia.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.377-390
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of neuromuscular re-education program and general intervention program. It is focused on difference between changes of experimental before and after on 20 stroke patient's motor control ability. The obtained results are as follows; In change in motor control ability, neuromuscular re-education program group about the motor control ability was a significant difference(p<.01). And traditional intervention program group, the motor control ability was a significant difference in all of items (p<.01; p<.05) but, were not a significant difference in bladder management, social interaction, problem solving and memory. And also comparison of change in motor control ability between the experimental group and control group, the between-subjects factors were a significant difference. Most of the functional items on the functional items on the functional measurement and neuromuscular function measurement are concerned with the physical autonomy of the hemiplegic patients. More in depth knowledge may be acquired about the distribution of physical and motor control patterns with respect to the degree of neurologic deficit for the enhencement of residual motor control function in hemiplegia. In conclusion, the neuromuscular re-education program was more effect then traditional intervention program in motor control ability.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.300-309
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of gastrocnemius neuromuscular electrical stimulation training on ankle mobility and gait in patients with stroke. Design: A randomized controlled trial. Methods: 31 patients with stroke were selected and classified into an experimental group (n=16) and a control group (n=15). Both groups were assessed for ankle mobility using the Knee to Wall Test and gait parameters using G-walk before and after the intervention. The intervention was applied five times a week for four weeks. The experimental group performed gastrocnemius neuromuscular electrical stimulation followed by ankle control exercises, while the control group only applied NMES to the tibialis anterior muscle of the paretic side for 30 min per session five times a week for 4 weeks. Results: Experimental group showed significant improvements in Knee to wall test. and lumbar flexibility after the intervention. both group showed significant improvements in gait parameters after the intervention. However, when comparing between the two groups, the experimental group showed a more significant effect than the control group. Conclusions: Gastrocnemius neuromuscular electrical stimulation training can be considered an effective approach to improve ankle mobility and gait ability in patients with stroke.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.223-230
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• 2007

Low power laser and neuromuscular electrical stimulation have been utilized in many clinical applications for the treatment of musculoskeletal lesion. This study was to investigate the effects of low power He-Ne IR laser and neuromuscular electrical stimulation on the change of the serum biochemical components in experimentally induced muscle injured rats. The twenty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly assigned to the 4 groups: the normal group (n=5), the control group (n=5), the low power laser irradiation group (LLI) (n=5) and the neuromuscular electrical stimulation group (NMES) (n=5). The experimentally induced muscle injury was induced by the subcutaneous injection of a 0.1 ml Freund's Complete Adjuvant into the right hind paw and calf muscles in control, LLI and NMES groups. The LLI group was irradiated with He-Ne IR laser for 5 minutes every day during 10 days. Also, the NMES group was electrically stimulated 15 minutes every day during 10 days. The normal and control groups were not received with any therapeutic intervention. The authors performed tests which were the concentration of the serum biochemical components to detect the effects of therapeutic interventions. The results were as follows: 1. The level of the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was significantly decreased in the LLI and NMES groups compare to the control group. 2. The level of the serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) was significantly decreased in the LLI and NMES groups compare to the control group. 3. The level of the serum creatine kinase (CK) was significantly decreased in the LLI and NMES groups compare to the control group. From the results, we could come to the conclusion that low power laser and neuromuscular electrical stimulation could be accelerating healing processes of skeletal muscle injury and further clinical work will be required.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of underwater and ground proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern exercise on trunk control and lower extremity muscle activity of chronic stroke patients. Design: Pretest-posttest design: single blind. Methods: The subjects were 28 patients (experimental group, n=14 or control group, n=14) diagnosed with chronic stroke. The experimental group performed underwater proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern exercise. The control group performed ground proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern exercise. Training was conducted once a day for 30 minutes, five days per week for six. Trunk control was measured using the Trunk Impairment Scale. Lower extremity muscle activity was measured using surface electromyography. Results: As a result of comparison within groups, the experimental and control group showed significant difference for trunk control after the experiment (p<0.05). In comparison between two groups, the experimental group showed more significant difference in trunk control than the control group (p<0.05). In comparison within groups, the experimental group showed significant difference for lower extremity muscle activity after the experiment (p<0.05). In comparison between two groups, the experimental group showed more significant difference in lower extremity muscle activity than the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on these results, underwater proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation lower extremity pattern exercise effectively improved the trunk control and lower extremity muscle activity of chronic stroke patients.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.208-234
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• 2003

This study aims to investigate the effect of Neuromuscular Re-education Program and Traditional Intervention Program and is focusing on the difference between changes of experimental before and after on 30 stroke patient's body composition, blood lipid levels, physical motor function. The obtained results are as follows; 1. Change in body composition 1) The change due to the Neuromuscular Re-education Program and Traditional Intervention Program before and after, the Fat Mass and Soft Lean Mass were changed but not significantly. 2) In the comparison of change according to duration, Significant differences were not shown in Fat Mass and Soft Lean Masss between The experimental group and control group. 2. Change in blood lipid levels 1) The change due to the Neuromuscular Re-education Program and Traditional intervention Program before and after, the Cholesterol, Glucose and TG were changed but not significantly. 2) In the comparison of change according to duration, Significant differences were not shown in the Cholesterol, Glucose and TG between the Experimental group and Control group. 3. Change in physical motor function 1) The change due to Neuromuscular Reeducation Program before and after. The physical motor function was significantly changed(p<0.01; p<0.05). but Traditional Intervention Program was changed but not significantly. 2) In the comparison of change according to duration, Signicant differences between the Experimental group and Control group was significantly changed in only the Neuromuscular Reeducation Program(p<0.05). In conclusion, The Neuromuscular Reeducation Program were not changed significantly but it can be said that the Neuromuscular Reeducation Program was more suitable for intervention to improve physical motor function of stroke patients than Traditional Intervention Program. Therefore if further studies increase the experimental duration of Reeducation Program and make the patient's reeducation continuously for improvement of physical motor function in stroke patient are needed.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.251-262
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• 2008

In this study we investigated the effects of physical therapeutic intervention through electromyography, ultrasonographic imaging and changes of the IL-$1{\beta}$, IGF-1 and IGF-2 in skeletal muscle of rats injured experimentally. The twenty Sprague-Dawley male rats were randomly divided into the 4 groups: a normal, a control, a low power laser and a neuromuscular electrical stimulation group. Abnormal spontaneous activities had not been shown, both in normal and skeletal muscle injured rats. The maximum diameter of the calf muscle was significantly increased in the low power laser and neuromuscular electrical stimulation groups compared with control group. The level of the serum IL-$1{\beta}$ was more decreased in the low power laser and neuromuscular electrical stimulation groups than that of control group. The activation level of the IGF-1 and the IGF-2 were significantly higher in the control, low power laser and neuromuscular electrical stimulation groups than that of normal group. However, there was no statistically significant difference among the control, low power laser and neuromuscular electrical stimulation groups.