• Title/Summary/Keyword: Neuromuscular Model

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Development of Human Driver Model based on Neuromuscular System for Evaluation of Electric Power Steering System (전동식 조향 장치의 성능 평가를 위한 신경 근육계 기반 운전자 모델 개발)

  • Lee, Sunghyun;Lee, Dongpil;Lee, Jaepoong;Chae, Heungseok;Lee, Myungsu;Yi, Kyongsu
    • Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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    • v.9 no.3
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    • pp.19-23
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    • 2017
  • This paper presents a lateral driver model with neuromuscular system to evaluate the performance of electric power steering (EPS). Output of most previously developed driver models is steering angle. However, in order to evaluate EPS system, driver model which results in steering torque output is needed. The proposed lateral driver model mainly consists of 2 parts: desired steering angle calculation and conversion of steering angle into steering torque. Desired steering angle calculation part results in steering angle to track desired yaw rate for path tracking. Conversion of steering angle into torque is consideration with neuromuscular system. The proposed driver model is investigated via actual driving data. Compared to other algorithms, the proposed algorithm shows similar pattern of steering angle with human driver. The proposed driver can be utilized to efficiently evaluate EPS system in simulation level.

A Study On Driver Model far Steering Simulation of Vehicle (차량의 조향 시뮬레이션을 위한 운전자 모델에 대한 연구)

  • ;;;Ichiro Kageyama
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.10 no.3
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    • pp.245-253
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    • 2002
  • A driver model with nervous neuromuscular system was developed to steer a vehicle along the prescribed path during handling simulations. A 3-dimensional vehicle model with 10 DOF and 3 DOF steering handle are used to perform a computer simulation. PID and fuzzy controller are used to perform single and double lane change, and their tracking abilities were compared. The effects of time delay and preview distance are also investigated, and it is demonstrated that the driver model developed can be an aid far objective evaluation of vehicle handling simulation.

Therapeutic Potential of CKD-504, a Novel Selective Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitor, in a Zebrafish Model of Neuromuscular Junction Disorders

  • Jeong, Hui Su;Kim, Hye Jin;Kim, Deok-Ho;Chung, Ki Wha;Choi, Byung-Ok;Lee, Ji Eun
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.231-242
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    • 2022
  • The neuromuscular junction (NMJ), which is a synapse for signal transmission from motor neurons to muscle cells, has emerged as an important region because of its association with several peripheral neuropathies. In particular, mutations in GARS that affect the formation of NMJ result in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and distal hereditary motor neuropathy. These disorders are mainly considered to be caused by neuronal axon abnormalities; however, no treatment is currently available. Therefore, in order to determine whether the NMJ could be targeted to treat neurodegenerative disorders, we investigated the NMJ recovery effect of HDAC6 inhibitors, which have been used in the treatment of several peripheral neuropathies. In the present study, we demonstrated that HDAC6 inhibition was sufficient to enhance movement by restoring NMJ impairments observed in a zebrafish disease model. We found that CKD-504, a novel HDAC6 inhibitor, was effective in repairing NMJ defects, suggesting that treatment of neurodegenerative diseases via NMJ targeting is possible.

Development and Validation of A Finite Optimal Preview Control-based Human Driver Steering Model (최적예견 제어 기법을 이용한 운전자 조향 모델의 개발 및 검증)

  • Kang, Ju-Yong;Yi, Kyong-Su;Noh, Ki-Han
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2007.05a
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    • pp.855-860
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    • 2007
  • This paper describes a human driver model developed based on finite preview optimal control method. The human driver steering model is constructed to minimize a performance index which is a quadratic form of lateral position error, yaw angle error and steering input. Simulation studies are conducted using a vehicle simulation software, Carsim. The Carsim vehicle model is validated using vehicle test data. In order to validate the human driving steering model, the human driver steering model is compared to the driving data on a virtual test track(VTT) and the actual vehicle test data. It is shown that human driver steering behaviors can be well represented by the human driver steering model presented in this paper

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Effects of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation on Distracted Boneafter Mandibular Distraction Osteogenesis in Canine Model (성견의 하악골 골신장술 후 골 형성에 대한 신경근육의 전기적 자극의 효과)

  • Son, Jang-Ho;Park, Bong-Wook;Byun, June-Ho;Cho, Yeong-Cheol;Sung, Iel-Yong
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.33 no.2
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    • pp.120-127
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    • 2011
  • Purpose: This study was designed to examine whether the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) after mandibular distraction osteogenesis accelerated bone formation and consolidation. Methods: Eight adult dogs underwent mandibular left body osteotomy. After a 3 day latency period, a distraction rod device was activated at a rate of 1.0 mm once per day for 10 days. After the completion of mandibular lengthening, NMES group was treated twice daily with 2 hours of NMES for 14, and 28 days, while non-NMES group did not receive NMES. The distracted segment was evaluated radiolgraphically histologically and than immunohistochemically for osteopontin (OPN) to evaluate new bone formation and consolidation. Results: Radiography, did not demonstrate significantly different images between the group and the NMES group. Histological examination however, showed that the new bone formation 14 and 28 days after distraction was better in the NMES group when compared to non-NMES group. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the staining intensity of OPN increased more in the NMES group than in non-NMES group during early consolidation. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that the use of NMES can promote bone formation and consolidation.

Applying ICF model into practice in PNF (ICF 모형의 고유수용성신경근촉진법 실기 적용)

  • Lee, Moon-kyu;Kim, Tae-yoon
    • PNF and Movement
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.17-23
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    • 2009
  • Purpose : To provide a convenient framework for PNF practice, we reviewed the relationship between ICF framework and PNF framework. Methods : We reviewed literatures related with ICF and PNF. Results : ICF model is useful tool for physical therapist who is working in PNF to identify the interactions the components of individual's health, especially the relationship between functioning and disability. A framework for PNF is philosophy which included the concept, functional approach. It is essential to identify primary activity limitation and causal impairment in PNF field and evaluate the their relationship. The ICF model can be used to classify the examination information. Next step is to prioritize the activity limitation and then evaluate the interrelationships among each components of the ICF framework. Conclusions : ICF model guides physical therapist in PNF practice to identify patient problems and evaluate the interrelationship of components of their health. This model is logical framework to directs functional approach as PNF philosophy to be approached the goal.

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A Study on Estimation of Numbers of Motor Unit related to the Widths and Distribution of Endplate in Neuromuscular Junction (신경근육 접합부의 종판 폭과 분포에 따른 운동단위 수의 추정에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Ho-Yong;Kim, Duck-Young;Park, Jung-Ho;Jung, Chul-Ki;Kim, Sung-Hwan
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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    • v.48 no.5
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    • pp.81-92
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    • 2011
  • In this paper, a new method to estimate the number of MU (motor unit) related to the widths and distribution of end plate in NMJ (neuromuscular junction) of biceps brachii is proposed by varying muscle parameter statistically in EMG model. This work is done by designing MU-simulator and EPZ-simulator. The proposed method was compared with the results of previous researchers. The proposed MU-simulator generates SMUAP (single motor unit action potential) and CMAP (compound muscle action potential) signal similar to detected SMUAP and CMAP signal obtained from muscle. The EPZ-simulator estimate the numbers of MU by varying the widths and distribution of end plate in neuromuscular junction of muscle. The results shows that the numbers of MU was estimated about 450 ea. and muscle fibers was about 340 ea., end plate widths was about 6 mm, and end plate was randomly distributed. The proposed method may be comparable with the method of anatomical studies.

Identification of Flexion Withdrawal Reflex Using Linear Model in Spinal Cord Injury

  • Kim Yong-Chul;Youm Youn-Gil
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • v.20 no.8
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    • pp.1183-1194
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    • 2006
  • The aim of this study was to identify the characteristics of the flexion withdrawal reflex modulated by the hip angle and hip movement in spinal cord injury (SCI). The influence of the hip position and passive movement were tested in 6 subjects with chronic SCI. Each subject placed in a supine position and lower leg was fixed with the knee at 5 -45 degree flexion and the ankle at 25-40 degree plantar flexion. A train of 10 stimulus pulses were applied at 200 Hz to the skin of the medial arch to trigger flexion reflexes. From results of the regression analysis, static properties of normalized muscle activation of flexor muscles have the linear relationship with respect to hip angle (P< 0.05). In order to verify the neural contribution of flexion reflex, we compared the static and dynamic gains of estimated muscle activations with measured EMG of ankle flexor muscle. Form this study, we postulate that the torque and muscle response of flexion withdrawal reflex have linear relationship with hip angle and angular velocity.

MAPK3 at the Autism-Linked Human 16p11.2 Locus Influences Precise Synaptic Target Selection at Drosophila Larval Neuromuscular Junctions

  • Park, Sang Mee;Park, Hae Ryoun;Lee, Ji Hye
    • Molecules and Cells
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.151-161
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    • 2017
  • Proper synaptic function in neural circuits requires precise pairings between correct pre- and post-synaptic partners. Errors in this process may underlie development of neuropsychiatric disorders, such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Development of ASD can be influenced by genetic factors, including copy number variations (CNVs). In this study, we focused on a CNV occurring at the 16p11.2 locus in the human genome and investigated potential defects in synaptic connectivity caused by reduced activities of genes located in this region at Drosophila larval neuromuscular junctions, a well-established model synapse with stereotypic synaptic structures. A mutation of rolled, a Drosophila homolog of human mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3) at the 16p11.2 locus, caused ectopic innervation of axonal branches and their abnormal defasciculation. The specificity of these phenotypes was confirmed by expression of wild-type rolled in the mutant background. Albeit to a lesser extent, we also observed ectopic innervation patterns in mutants defective in Cdk2, Gq, and Gp93, all of which were expected to interact with Rolled MAPK3. A further genetic analysis in double heterozygous combinations revealed a synergistic interaction between rolled and Gp93. In addition, results from RT-qPCR analyses indicated consistently reduced rolled mRNA levels in Cdk2, Gq, and Gp93 mutants. Taken together, these data suggest a central role of MAPK3 in regulating the precise targeting of presynaptic axons to proper postsynaptic targets, a critical step that may be altered significantly in ASD.

Studies on the Modeling and Analysis of the EMG interference pattern signal (근전도 간섭패턴 신호의 모델링과 분석에 관한 연구)

  • Yoo, S.K.;Min, B.G.;Kim, J.W.;Kim, J.W.;Kim, S.H.
    • Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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    • v.1993 no.11
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    • pp.145-150
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    • 1993
  • It is an important component of the diagnosis to research the morphological changes of EMG in pathological conditions. In order to provide an EMG signal resulting from a predetermined neuromuscular pathophysiology, we have initially developed a mathmatical model of electromyographic interference pattern(IP). It can be used to study the variation of the IP resulting from morphological and electrophysiological changes occurring in disease states, because the model computes the IP from the underlying fiber and muscle structure. We performed quantative analysis or the model output, focusing on IPs resulting from simulations of dystrophic fiber loss and the MU denervation and reinnervation typical of neuropathies. To discribe the characteristics of IPs associated with these pathologies, a set of frequency domain discriptors, activity, mobility, and complexity were used, as well as several measures of the spectral density function. These discriptors demonstrate distinct patterns of variation corresponding to morphological changes observed in disease states, and closely with results obtained from the classical method, turn/amp technique.

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