• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.253-256
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• 2001

One of the most serious complications of regional anesthesia is a neurological deficit. Although such a problem is very rare, obstetric patients may develop paresthesia and motor dysfuntion during the postoperative period in association with number of other factors, including direct nerve trauma, equipment problems, adhesive arachnoiditis, anterior spinal artery syndrome, epidural hematoma or abscess and adverse drug effect. We experienced a case of unilateral paraparesis following epidural anesthesia with 20 ml of 0.75% ropivacaine and $25{\mu}g$ of fentanyl in an obstetric patient.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.381-388
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• 2020

Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive psychostimulant and one of the most widely abused drugs worldwide. The continuous use of METH eventually leads to drug addiction and causes serious health complications, including attention deficit, memory loss and cognitive decline. These neurological complications are strongly associated with METH-induced neurotoxicity and neuroinflammation, which leads to neuronal cell death. The current review investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying METH-mediated neuronal damages. Our analysis demonstrates that the process of neuronal impairment by METH is closely related to oxidative stress, transcription factor activation, DNA damage, excitatory toxicity and various apoptosis pathways. Thus, we reach the conclusion here that METH-induced neuronal damages are attributed to the neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory effect of the drug. This review provides an insight into the mechanisms of METH addiction and contributes to the discovery of therapeutic targets on neurological impairment by METH abuse.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.189-200
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effect of Korean medical treatment on spinal cord infarction. Methods : We treated a patient who was diagnosed with spinal cord infarction. We used acupuncture, bee venom pharmacopuncture, herbal medicine, moxibustion and physical therapy. We evaluated the patient through Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) and International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) score. Results : MMT grade improved grade from 1 to 5 and ISNCSCI score increased from 2 to 14. Conclusion : According to these results, this report suggests that Korean medical treatment could be effective for spinal cord infarction.

• Journal of TMJ Balancing Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.4-11
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• 2019

Objectives: Although intraoral balancing appliance therapy has been used effective to several diseases, verification studies through cerebral diseases are poorly reported so far. Thus we investigated the effect of tooth-cut induced dental malocclusion against mouse model of ischemic stroke. Methods: Tooth-cut and 90 min middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) were loaded to C57BL/6 male mice, and total infarct area, neurological deficit scores (NDS), histological change of hippocampal region were observed. Production levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cerebral tissue were also measured. Results: The longer the tooth-cut period, the greater the area of cerebral infarction caused by MCAO, and NDS began to increase as the tooth was cut, and the results were more negative when MCAO was loaded. Histological change of hippocampal cells was significant when tooth-cut was maintained for 7 days. Those damages were thought to depend on the generation of ROS and iNOS in brain tissue. Conclusions: Since tooth-cut increased total area of cerebral infarction due to MCAO in mice, it is able to be confirmed that anomaly of the temporomandibular occlusion can affect neurological diseases.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.229-236
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report the clinical effect of Korean medical treatment on a spinal cord tumor. Methods : We treated a patient who was diagnosed with a spinal cord tumor. We used acupuncture, bee venom pharmacopuncture, herbal medicine, moxibustion and physical therapy; the patient was evaluated using the visual analogue scale(VAS) and given an International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury(ISNCSCI) score. Results : VAS decreased and ISNCSCI score increased meaningfully. Conclusions : According to these results, this report possibly suggests that Korean medical treatment could be a helpful choice for treating a spinal cord tumor.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.719-731
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• 2009

Objectives : Stroke is the most common disabling neurological disease of adult life. The treatment and rehabilitation of stroke patients is an important and challenging area in the field of medicine. In Korea, a lot of stroke patients are treated using oriental medicine and there have been reports on their functional recovery. The aim of this study was to prove the therapeutic effect of oriental medicine on ischemic stroke. We also tried to identify characteristics of patients whose functional recovery was prominent and studied whether or not the use of fluids, anticoagulants, antiplatelets and neuroprotective agents increased the functional recovery of patients. Methods : We studied 794 patients within 2 weeks after first attack of ischemic stroke who were admitted to Kyung-Hee Oriental Medical Center from 1999 to 2000. Their maximum admission period was 60 days. Results : Motor power grade, NIHSS and MBI scores of patients improved during hospitalization significantly. Factors affecting functional recovery were admission period, motor power grade, NIHSS and MBI at admission. Age, waist-hip ratio and HDL cholesterol also affected functional recovery of patients. Whether or not fluids, anticoagulants, antiplatelets and neuroprotective agents were administered had nothing to do with functional recovery. Conclusion : Oriental medicine is effective for treatment and rehabilitation of ischemic stroke patients. When we manage stroke, we have to consider some important factors.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.296-312
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• 1998

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to find out predictors influencing on the clinical course of stroke during the first 4 weeks after the onset through statistical research, especially whether the blood glucose level after stroke and the stroke with Diabetes Mellitus correlate with functional impairments and neurological outcome or not. METHOD During 7 months period(from 1-1-1997 to 7-31-1997), 32 selected patients prognosed as acute cerebral thrombosis were studied by using Modified Barthel Index, PULSES profile in an attempt to correlate Diabetes Mellitus and hyperglycemia(more than $120mg/d{\ell}$, $150mg/d{\ell}$) with functional impairment and neurological outcome and to evaluate the influence of sex, the side of hemiparesis and age at admission, 1 week and 4 weeks after admision(admitted within 2 days after the onset). RESULT 1. The sex, side of hemiparesis and age had no significant effect upon functional impairment during first 4 weeks after the onset, but recurrent-stroke resulted in significantly higher degree of functional impairment than first-stroke during first 4 weeks after the onset. 2. The patients with Diabetes Mellitusin in acute cerebral thrombosis resulted in significantly higher degree of functional impairment than the patients without Diabetes Mellitus in acute cerebral thrombosis during first 4 weeks after the onset. 3. The patients with hyperglycemia in acute cerebral thrombosis resulted in significantly more severe neurological outcome than the patients without hyperglycemia in acute cerebral thrombosis within 2 days after the onset. CONCLUSION The study suggested that recurrent-stroke and Diabetes Mellitus were the poorer prognosis factors of functional impairment in acute cerebral thrombosis patients during first 4 weeks after the onset. and the poorer prognosis factor of neurological outcome in acute cerebral thrombosis patients was hyperglycemia within 2 days after the onset.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.947-958
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• 2020

Objectives: To investigate efficacy of Korean medicine for patients with Parkinson's Disease (PD) with pain. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of the medical records for patients diagnosed with PD between 2012 and 2019 at Gangdong Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital in South Korea. Results: Twenty-two patients with King's Parkinson's Disease Pain Scale(KPPS) scores at least twice were analyzed for evaluating the efficacy of Korean medicine for pain treatment in PD. The mean total scores before and after Korean medicine treatment were 15.23±1 .01 and 9.2±8.7, respectively, and the mean difference between the before/after total scores was 6.0±5.8 (P<0.001). Specifically, the score of radicular pain was significantly decreased (P=0.048). Conclusions: These findings suggest that Korean medicine could be beneficial for reducing pain associated with PD. Clinical efficacy should be confirmed by further studies, such as large-sample cohort studies and randomized controlled trials to clarify the pathological pain relief mechanism and the analgesic effect of Korean medicine.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2009

This study aimed to validate neuroprotective effect of Chungpaesagan-tang on the early stage of cerebral ischemic damage. Cerebral ischemic damage was induced by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 hours in the Sprague-Dawley rats. Water extract of Chungpaesagan-tang(8.7g/kg) was administered orally twice at 1 and 4 hours after the MCAO. Neurological score was tested at 3 and 24 hours after the MCAO and Chungpaesagan-tang administration. At 24 hours after the MCAO, infarct volume and edema ratio was evaluated with the TTC staining. Apoptotic cell death in cerebral cortex and caudate putamen was observed with cresyl violet staining and TUNEL labeling. Bax expression in the MCAO rat brain was stained with immunohistochemistry. Chungpaesagan-tang improved neurological and behavioral impairment of the MCAO rats and reduced infarct area, infarct volume and brain edema formation. Chungpaesagan-tang attenuated cell death percentage in cortex penumbra and reduced TUNEL positive cells in cortex penumbra and in caudate putamen of the MCAO rats. Chungpaesagan-tang reduced Bax positive neurons in caudate putamen and reduced c-Fos positive neurons in cortex penumbra of the MCAO rats. Chungpaesagan-tang intensified neuronal HSP72 expression in cortex penumbra of the MCAO rats. In results, Chunpaesagan-tang reduces infarct volume and edema formation through anti-apoptotic effect. This result suggests that Chunapaesagan-tang has an adequate neuroprotective effect on the early stage of cerebral ischemic damage.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.13-26
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• 2010

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate neuroprotective effects of Neutral Pharmacopuncture for Blood Stasis(NPBS) into SP10 and Tangguisusangami-tang (dangguixusanjiawei-tang)(TGT) in the experimental Traumatic Brain Injury(TBI)rats. Methods : Male rats were divided into 4 groups. Group I was no treatment after TBI. Group II was treatment with NPBS into SP10 after TBI. Group III was treatment with TGT after TBI. Group IV was NPBS into SP10 and TGT after TBI. The author carried out neurological motor behavioral, histological assessment test. Results : 1. In neurological motor behavior tests, motor and cognitive function recovery was significantly increased in the Group II, III, IV. Also Group IV was increased as compared with Group II, III. 2. In BAX expression, according to priority Group IV, III, II, I were decresed in 7 and 14 days later. Especially Group IV was significantly decreased in 14 days later. 3. In BCL-2 expression, Group IV was increased slightly in 7 days later. Most incresed expression was experimented in the Group IV in 14 days later. 4. In TUNEL expression, IV was decreased as compared with each Group I, II, III in 7 days later. Group IV, III were decreased as compared with each Group I, II, III in 14 days later. Conclusions : According to the results, NPBS and TGT can inhibit apoptosis of cells after TBI in rats by contol of BAX and BCL-2, TUNEL expression. And also can help neurological motor behavioral function.