• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.9
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• pp.521-525
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• 2012

In addition to its pivotal role in neuronal survival, PI3K/Akt signaling is integral to neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth. However, the exact role of Akt in neuronal differentiation is still controversial. Here, we found that nuclear expression of CA-Akt resulted in unusual rapid neurite outgrowth and overexpression of KD-Akt caused multiple dendrite growth without specific axon elongation. Moreover, microarray data revealed that the expression of FOXQ1 expression was about 10-fold higher in cells with nuclear, active Akt than in control cells. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that mRNA levels were upregulated in NLS-CA-Akt cells as compared to KD or EV cells. Furthermore, our FACS analysis demonstrated that overexpression of NLS-CA-Akt accumulate cells in the G1 phase within 24 h, fitting with the rapid sprouting of neuritis. Thus, our data implied that at least in this early time frame, the overexpression of nuclear, active Akt forced cells into neurite development through probably FOXQ1regulation.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.157-163
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• 2012

Oxidative stress has been reported to be one of causes of neuritis. This study examined antioxidative activities of methanol extracts of six amphibian species known to be medicinal animals (Rana catesbeiana, R. coreana, R. rugosa, R. dybowskii, R. nigromaculata, and Hyla japonica) and investigated their effects of inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) production and cytotoxicity on the murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells. As inflammation is closely associated with reactive oxygen species, assays on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, superoxide anion radical scavenging activity and NO scavenging activity of the extracts of the six species were performed to investigate their antioxidative activity. The results obtained were as follows; All extracts showed antioxidative activity, and the activity of R. dybowskii was the highest in comparison among those. Anti-inflammatory effects of the extracts were also examined, the five extracts except that of R. rugosa did not show cytotoxicity for RAW264.7 cells at the maximal concentration ($1,000{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$). Selectivity index, meaning NO scavenging activity compared to cytotoxicity, showed the highest level in the extract of R. dybowskii. These results will be very useful basic data for future studies on prevention and treatment of human diseases to understand the biological roles of amphibian extracts throughout the antioxidative or anti-inflammatory pathways.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.569-581
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• 1994

This study was carried out to investigate the pathogenesis of canine herpesvirus(CHV) infection in dogs. The 17 puppies, one day old, delivered from CHV seronegative 3 dams were divided into two groups. The 13 puppies were inoculated intranasally with 1ml of CHV-KK inoculum($5{\times}10^{5.6}TCID_{50}/ml$) and 4 puppies were served as control. And then the puppies were sacrificed at 2, 4, 6 and 7 days after the treatment, and collected blood, nasal mucosa, trigeminal nerve, trigeminal ganglion, bone marrow, eye, brain and other major organs. These organs were examined histopathologically and electron microscopically. The platelets of puppies infected with CHV were dramatically decreased because of the damages of vascular endothelial cells. Histopathologically, necrotizing vasculitis and neuritis were proceeded the generalized focal necrosis of all organs. Necrotic changes in trigeminal ganglion, trigeminal nerve and ventroposteriomedial nucleus of thalamus were observed in 4 puppies infected with CHV. Herpesviral particles, various forms of maturation, were observed in endothelial cells of the alveolar capillary and hepatic sinusoid with electron microscopy. These results suggest that the generalized focal necrcsis of all organs including brain and eyes in canine herpesvirus infection were resulted from generalized vasculitis, and also the hemonecrotizing meningoencephalitis was related to the necrosis of trigeminal nerve pathway.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.355-361
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• 2017

In this study, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory of fermented Houttuynia cordata Thunb and scoria mixture extract were investigated in vitro. Radical-scavenging activities of the ethanol extracts were examined by using ${\alpha},{\alpha}$-diphenyl-${\beta}$-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)) radicals assay. Consequently, we confirmed that fermented Houttuynia cordata Thunb and scoria mixture extract dependent removed DPPH and ABTS radical. Also, to confirm anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract, we treated fermented Houttuynia cordata Thunb and scoria mixture extract on BV-2 cell with LPS. The result showed that fermented Houttuynia cordata Thunb and scoria mixture extract concentration-dependent inhibited NO production. Therefore, fermented Houttuynia cordata Thunb and scoria mixture extract showed inhibition radical oxygen activities and inflammatory and have available for a pharmacological composition on neuritis-protection and treatment.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.161-164
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• 2005

Background: Chemical lumbar sympathetic ganglion block could potentially be used to treat plantar hyperhidrosis; therefore, we analyzed the outcome of lumbar sympathetic ganglion block using alcohol for the treatment of plantar hyperhidrosis. Methods: Between March 1992 and June 2003, 356 patients with plantar hyperhidrosis underwent lumbar sympathetic ganglion block using alcohol. All 356 patients were followed up for 2 years and the results evaluated. There were 185 and 171 male and female patients, respectively, with a mean age of 25.1 years, ranging from 15.3 to 56.5 years old. Lumbar sympathetic ganglion block using alcohol was performed with fluoroscopic guidance under local anesthesia. Results: The recurrence rate after 2 years was 34%. Compensatory hyperhidrosis, ejaculation failure, lower back pain and genitofemoral neuritis developed as complications in 132, 4, 12 and 2 patients, respectively. Of the 356 patients, 65% were satisfied. Conclusions: Lumbar sympathetic ganglion block using alcohol is an effective and safe method for the treatment of plantar hyperhidrosis, but more information about the complications and relatively high recurrence rates should be provided to the patient.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 1979

The main route of metabolism of isonicotinic acid hydrazid (INH) in man is its conjugation with acetyl coenzyme A to form acetyl-INH. The reaction is catalyzed by an N-acetyl transferase in the liver. The acetylated drug can be excreted by the kidney more efficiently than INH, and the biological half-life of the drug in the body depends upon how rapidly the drug can be acetylated. This report measured the concentration of INH in the blood of 147 individuals 6 hours after they received a standard dose (9.8mg/kg) and plotted the data as a frequeney distribution hiotogram. There was bimodality, with a mean for one subpopulation at approximately $0.6{\sim}0.8\;mcg/ml.$, and a mean for the other subpopulation between 2.8 and 4.0mcg/ml. As might be expected slow acetylators of INH are more likely to develop a cumulative toxicity to the drug. The principle ,toxicity to INH is a peripheral neuritis but this adverse effect can be prevented by given extra pyridoxin to the patients, and the vitamin does not alter the antitubercular activity of INH. This report carried out that pyridoxine does not alter the ratio of free INH to the total INH in blood.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1987.07b
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• pp.1329-1332
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• 1987

This paper describes a design of the expert system for diagnosis of abnormal gait patients. This system makes the rule-based representation that can easily extend the knowledge-base and naturally represent the uncertainty, and the inference engine that uses forward chaining which covers the reasoning from the first condition to the goal. The results of inferring various maladies using this system are as follows: 1) In cases of progressive muscular dystrophy, cerebral vascular accident, peripheral neuropathic lesion and peroneal nerve injury, the result of inference is the same as that of medical specialists' with 100% accuracy. 2) In cases of Neuritis, Paralysis agitan and Brain tumor, the accuracy of inference is less than 50% compared to that of medical specialists. With above results, we decide that the rule-based representations of some maladies ard accurate relatively, but that the correction and the extention of some rules and some methods of problem solving are required in order to construct the complete expert system for diagnosis of abnormal gait patients.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.5-11
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• 1999

We present our experience with the use of nerve block anesthesia in 212 of 484(43.8% ) surgical procedures of the foot and ankle between 1995 and 1997. Nerve block anesthesia was used for surgical procedures of the forefoot, midfoot, hindfoot, and ankle in the setting of elective surgery and trauma. From the viewpoint of the surgeon, nerve block anesthesia was completely successful in 99.5% of the procedures performed. We confirmed that 80% of patients were satisfied with the use of nerve block anesthesia for their operative procedure. There were only one(0.5%) miner complication being toxic neuritis of posterior tibial nerve. With increasing experience, the expanded indications and uses of nerve block anesthesia for foot and ankle surgery are proving to be simple, safe, reliable, and well tolerated by the patient.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.130-138
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• 2018

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system characterized by optic neuritis and longitudinally extensive myelitis. Painful tonic spasm is a common complication of NMO, but there have been no reports about it in Korean medicine studies. In this case, we treated a 53-year-old woman diagnosed with NMO with paraplegia, painful tonic spasm, and decreased visual acuity using Korean medicine treatment, including acupuncture, herbal medicine, cupping, and moxibustion. We measured changes in clinical symptoms using the manual muscle testing (MMT), the numeric rating scale (NRS), the modified Barthel Index (MBI), and the Functional Independence Measure (FIM). After treatment, clinical symptoms were improved. The results indicate that Korean medicine treatment may be effective in the treatment of an NMO patient with paraplegia and painful tonic spasm.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.316-323
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• 2017

Effort to improve balance ability in the field of rehabilitation has been constantly issued and developed up to now. A variety of subcomponent of postural control including function and cognition should be needed in many body systems and be complicatedly linked to each system. In South Korea, although decreased postural dysfunction due to neurological or musculoskeletal disorders has been well documented, we do not have many experience and knowledge of vestibular rehabilitation for maintain and improve balance function. In the United States, vestibular physical therapy is already acknowledged as clinical subspecialty by American Physical Therapy Association. However, there is no curriculum subject related to vestibular rehabilitation in standard education of physical therapy and no specialist who has clinical experience and knowledge of this realm. Therefore, we reviewed general information and basic knowledge of vestibular rehabilitation such as current state of vestibular disorder in South Korea, pathology, major causes of vestibular dysfunction including peripheral vestibular disorders, vestibular neuritis, benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, and central disorder, evaluation of vestibular dysfunction, and treatment for vestibular dysfunction new approaches. We expect that physical therapist in South Korea recognize clinical significance of vestibular exercise and that clinical concern and research will be begun in near future.