• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
• /
• 제24권5호
• /
• pp.469-474
• /
• 2016

Liriopogons (Liriope and Opiopogon) species are used as a main medicinal ingredient in several Asian countries. The Liriopes Radix (tuber, root of Liriope platyphylla) has to be a promising candidate due to their source of phytochemicals. Steroidal saponins and their glycosides, phenolic compounds, secondary metabolites are considered of active constituents in Liriopes Radix. Spicatoside A, a steroidal saponin, could be more efficacious drug candidate in future. In this review, we summarized the available knowledge on phytochemical and pharmacological activities for spicatoside A. It significantly suppressed the level of NF-${\kappa}B$, NO, iNOS, Cox-2, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 and MAPKs in LPS-stimulated inflammation. The production of MUC5AC mucin was increased. MMP-13 expression was down-regulated in IL-$1{\beta}$-treated cells and reduced glycosaminoglycan release from IL-$1{\alpha}$-treated cells. The neurite outgrowth activity, PI3K, Akt, ERK1/2, TrkA and CREB phosphorylation and neurotropic factors such as NGF and BDNF were upregulated with increased latency time. It also showed cell growth inhibitory activity on various carcinoma cells. From this, spicatoside A exerts anti-inflammation, anti-asthma, anti-osteoclastogenesis, neurite outgrowth, memory consolidation and anticancer activities. Further studies are needed on spicatoside A in order to understand mechanisms of action to treat various human diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• 제17권12호
• /
• pp.2033-2041
• /
• 2007

For many years, it has been demonstrated that neurotrophins regulate the adult nervous system, implicating their potential as therapeutic agents for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. We generated adenoviral vectors encoding brain-derived neutotrophin factor (BDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT3) and tested either separately or together for the ability to induce differentiation of neuronal precursor cells with two different origins. Separate transduction of adenovirus delivering BDNF (BDNF-Ad) or NT3 (NT3-Ad) induced the neuronal differentiation in hippocampal and cortical precursor cells. NT3-Ad infected cells extended short neurites, whereas BDNF-Ad infected cells had longer neurites. In the early differentiation of hippocampal precursor cells, simultaneous infection of BDNF-Ad and NT3-Ad promoted further differentiation and neurite elongation compared with the separate infection of each virus. In contrast, simultaneous infection did not show the synergistic effect in the cortical precursor cells, suggesting that the neurotrophins play distinct roles in different regions of the brain. However, the numbers of neurites and spines per differentiated cells were markedly increased in cortical as well as hippocampal precursor cells, indicating the promotion of efficient neurite elongation and formation of dendritic spine, when BDNF-Ad and NT3-Ad were co-infected. These results suggest more studies in the effect of a combinatorial use of neurotrophins on different sites of brain need to be carried out to develop gene therapy protocols for neurodegenerative diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.175-179
• /
• 2003

Coptis chinensis (CC) is one of the traditional herbs used in Oriental medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, anxiety, and insomnia. In this study, neurotrophic and neuritogenic effects of CC on rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were evaluated. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with water extracts of CC $(120{\mu}g/ml)$ produced considerable outgrowth of neurites that is comparable to the effect of nerve growth factor (NGF). Therefore, neurite outgrowth was quantified and expression of NGF mRNA was examined. Furthermore, characteristics of neurites were immunocytochemically confirmed using axon and dendrite-specific antibodies. These results suggest that water extracts of CC contain components that have neurotrophic and neuritogenic properties.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국응용약물학회 1993년도 제1회 추계심포지움 and 제2회 생리분자과학연구센터워크숍
• /
• pp.28-33
• /
• 1993

Regulation of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced neuronal differentiation by GTPase activating protein(GAP) and its mechanism were investigated in rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PCl2. Overexpression of GAP caused the delay in the onset of neurite outgrowth of PCl2 eel Is in response to NGF. GAP has been known to inhibit p21$\^$ras/, the activated form of which induces neuronal differentiation. Therefore, the activity of p21$\^$ras/ was compared in control cells and cells overexpressing GAP indirectly by measuring the activities of B-Raf and MAP kinase that are known to be positively regulated by p21$\^$ras/. Surprisingly, NGF-induced activities of these two proteins were the same in control eells and GAP-overexpressing cells. Activities of Trk, PLC-r and SMC that act at a site upstream to p21$\^$ras/ in NGF signal transduction pathway were not also affected by GAP overexpression. Interestingly, however, the extent of tyrosine phosphorylation of SNT was found to be remarkably low in cells overexpressing GAP. It has been shown previously that neurotrophins and not mitogens induce SNT tyrosine phosphorylation in PCl2 cells. Thus it is possible that the timing of NGF-induced neuronal differntiation may be in part regulated by SNT and the slower onset of neurite outgrowth in cells overexpressing GAP may be through the inhibition of SNT by GAP.

• 한국응용곤충학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국응용곤충학회 2002년도 추계 합동 특강 및 학술발표대회
• /
• pp.107-107
• /
• 2002

• 한국동물학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국동물학회 2003년도 한국생물과학협회 학술발표대회
• /
• pp.165.1-165
• /
• 2003

No Abstract, See Full Text

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제33권3호
• /
• pp.133-146
• /
• 2012

Background: Most antitumor agents have the side effect of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Cancer patients who take antitumor agents suffer from CIPN, but there is no known treatment for it. Unlike the central nerve system, the peripheral nerve can self-repair, and the Schwann cell takes this mechanism. Objectives: In this study, we researched the effect of YideungJetong-Tang (YJT) extract on taxol-induced sciatic nerve damage, through in vitro and in vivo experiments. Also, we studied the effect of YJT extract on neurite recovery and anti-inflammatory effect after compression injury of sciatic nerve in vivo. Methods: Vehicle, taxol and taxol+YJT were respectively applied on sciatic nerve cells of rat in vitro, then the cells were cultured. The sciatic nerve cells and Schwann cells were then observed using Neurofilament 200, Hoechst, ${\beta}$ -tubulin, S-$100{\beta}$, caspase-3 and phospho-Erk1/2. CIPN was induced by taxol into the sciatic nerve of rat in vivo, then YJT extract was taken orally. The axons, Schwann cells and neurites of the DRG sensory nerve were then observed using Neurofilament 200, ${\beta}$-tubulin, Hoechst, S-$100{\beta}$, phospho-Erk1/2 and caspase-3. YJT was taken orally after sciatic nerve compression injury, and the changes in axon of the sciatic nerve, Schwann cells and TNF-${\alpha}$ concentration were observed. Results: The taxol and YJT treated group showed significant effects on Schwann cell recovery, neurite growth and recovery. In vivo, YJT compared with control group showed Schwann cell structural improvement and axons recovering effect after taxol-induced Schwann cell damage. After sciatic nerve compression injury, recovery of distal axon, changes of Schwann cell distribution, and anti-inflammatory response were observed in the YJT. Conclusions: Through this study, we found that after taxol-induced neurite damage of sciatic nerve in vivo and in vitro, YJT had significant effects on sciatic nerve growth and Schwann cell structural improvement. In vivo, YJT improved recovery of distal axons and Schwann cells and had an anti-inflammatory effect.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.133-140
• /
• 1999

Why does the CNS not regenerate after injury? The failure of axonal regeneration in the CNS after injury is not due to an inherent inability of these neurons to regrowth axon. Recently, an inhibitory substrate effect of CNS has been discovered which could be directly invoked in the lack of regeneration. The failure of axon regrowth in the CNS is crucially influenced by the presence of neurtie growth inhibitor NI35/250 and possibly also by molecules such as myelin associated glycoprotein(MAG) and chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans(CSPGs). The application of the monoclonal antibody IN-1, which efficinetly neutralizes the N135/250 inhibitory molecules. This new finding has a strong impact on the development of, a new neuroscienctific research directed to stimulate axonal regeneration. In this review summarize the current knowledge on the factors and molecules involved in the regeneration failure.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제31권2호
• /
• pp.165-170
• /
• 2003

본 실험은 해수 미세 조류인 Chlorella capsuiata로부터 신경세포에 대한 활성을 증가시키는 기능성물질을 분리하여 해수자원의 생체 조절자원으로서의 가능성을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 선별된 해수 Chlorella를 이용하여 활성물질을 분리한 뒤, 그 물질의 신경활성을 탐색하였다. C. capsulata의 물 추출물로부터 분리된 분획물(CCE)의 분자량은 약 45KDa(data not shown)으로 기존에 연구된 60~100 KDa보다 더 낮은 범위에서 물질이 분리되었으며, 이는 현재 발표된 많은 연구결과에서 주장하는 물질들과는 다른 종류의 물질임을 제시하고 있어 이에 보다 심층적인 연구가 수행되어져야 한다고 생각된다. 실험 결과를 통해 볼 때 활성을나타낸 주된 물질은 C. capsulata의 수용성 성분으로 생각되어지며, 260 nm에서 최대 흡광도를 나타내는 물질로 C. capsulate에 존재하는 단백질이 열 변성에 의해 탄수화물과 결합한 glycoprotein의 형태로 존재하는 것으로 추측되지만 일부의 연구결과에서 280nm에 최대 흡광도를 보이는 활성물질이 glycoprotein이라고 주장하고 있어 이 분획물(CCE)에 대한 좀더 심도 깊은 연구가 수행되어져야 한다고 생각된다. 이는 최근에 발표된 Chiorella의 기능성과 관련한 논문들에서 언급한 내용들과 유사한 결과를 나타내지만 대부분이 담수조류에 대한 활성 탐색의 결과임을 감안한다면 본 실험을 통해 해수 미세조류로부터 분리된 물질의 새로운 활성물질로서의 가능성을 제시한 것이라 하겠다. 또한, 다른 유기용매를 통해 활성물질을 분리하는 것과 달리 순수한 물을 통해 Chlorella의 수용성 성분을 추출하는 것이 좀더 신경세포의 활성을 증가시킨다는 것을 확인하였다. 앞으로 이 수용성 물질에 대찬 면역활성과 in vivo 실험을 통해 좀더 깊은 연구가 수행되어지고, 나아가 대량배양기술, 분리정제 기술이 뒷받침된다면, 고비용의 동물세포를 이용한 신경활성물질을 대체할 새로운 신경 활성물질 개발은 물론 다방면에 걸친 생체 조절기능을 가진 기능성 소재로서 활용 범위가 점차 확되지 않을까 생각한다.

• Molecules and Cells
• /
• 제37권6호
• /
• pp.497-502
• /
• 2014

Microfluidics can provide unique experimental tools to visualize the development of neural structures within a microscale device, which is followed by guidance of neurite growth in the axonal isolation compartment. We utilized microfluidics technology to monitor the differentiation and migration of neural cells derived from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). We co-cultured hESCs with PA6 stromal cells, and isolated neural rosette-like structures, which subsequently formed neurospheres in suspension culture. Tuj1-positive neural cells, but not nestin-positive neural precursor cells (NPCs), were able to enter the microfluidics grooves (microchannels), suggesting that neural cell-migratory capacity was dependent upon neuronal differentiation stage. We also showed that bundles of axons formed and extended into the microchannels. Taken together, these results demonstrated that microfluidics technology can provide useful tools to study neurite outgrowth and axon guidance of neural cells, which are derived from human embryonic stem cells.