• 한국자기학회지
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.142-148
• /
• 2016

자기공명영상에서 위상대조(phase contrast; PC) 기법으로 혈류 속도와 혈류량을 정량적으로 측정하기 위해 VENC(150 cm/s)에서 숙임각의 변화에 따른 혈류 속도와 혈류량을 측정하였다. 1.5T MRI로 지원자 17명(여: 8, 남: 9, 평균연령 $57.9{\pm}15.4$)을 대상으로 non-breath holding 기법을 적용하여 상행대동맥에서 VENC(150 cm/s)로 숙임각을 $20^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$ 변화하여 측정하였다. 혈류는 average velocity, peak velocity, net forward volume, net forward volume/body surface area를 획득하였다. 상행대동맥에서 AV(average velocity)의 평균값은 숙임각 $20^{\circ}$(9.87 cm/s), $30^{\circ}$(9.6 cm/s), $40^{\circ}$(10.05 cm/s)로 측정되었다. 숙임각을 $20^{\circ}$, $30^{\circ}$, $40^{\circ}$에서 peak velocity, average velocity, net forward volume, net forward volume/body surface area는 통계적인 유의한 차이가 없었다(p > .05). 혈류속도와 혈류량 측정은 매개변수를 조정하여 적용하면 심장혈관 질환의 진단 및 치료에 중요한 정보가 되는 혈류량을 정확히 계산하고, 혈류량 측정에 관한 연구에 도움을 줄 수 있다.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.203-211
• /
• 2015

The purpose of this study is to identify the flow resistance of the bottom pair trawl nets. The bottom pair trawl nets being used in fishing vessel (100G/T, 550ps) was selected as a full-scale net, and 1/10, 1/25 and 1/50 of the model nets were made. Converted into the full-scale net by Tauti's modeling rule and Kim's modeling rule, when resistance coefficient k of each net was calculated by substituting into above equation for flow resistance R and wall area of nets S values of each net ${\upsilon}$. Because resistant coefficient k decreases exponentially according as flow velocity ${\upsilon}$ increases to make $k=c{\upsilon}^{-m}$, c and m values of each net were compared. As a result, as the model was smaller, c and m values was smaller in the two rule into standard of 1/10 model value, decrease degree of 1/25 model was almost same in the two rule, decrease degree of 1/50 model was very big in Tauti's modeling rule. Therefore, in the result of experiment, because average of c and m values for similarly 1/10 and 1/25 model were given $c=4.9(kgf{\cdot}s^2/m^4)$ and m=0.45, R (kgf) of bottom pair trawl net could show $R=4.9S{\upsilon}^{1.55}$ using these values. As in the order of cod-end, wing and bag part for 1/25 and 1/50 model net were removed in turn, measured flow resistance of each, converted into the full-scale, total resistance of the net and the resistance of each part net were calculated. The resistance ratio of each part for total net was not same in 1/25 and 1/50 model each other, but average of two nets was perfectly same area ratio of each part as the wing, bag and cod-end part was 43%, 45% and 12%. However, the resistance of each part divided area of the part, calculated the resistance of per unit area, wing and bag part were not big difference each other, while the resistance of cod-end part was very large.

• 한국정보과학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국정보과학회 2005년도 가을 학술발표논문집 Vol.32 No.2 (1)
• /
• pp.283-285
• /
• 2005

인터넷 사용자의 증가와 항께 인터넷 트래픽 역시 기하급수적으로 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 네트워크 보안, 트래픽의 특성 분석, 사용자별/응용별 과금, 및 트래픽 엔지니어링을 수행하기 위해서는 네트원크 모니터링 도구가 필수적이다. 그러나, 기존 연구에 많이 사용되고 있는 Cisco NetFlow v5는 포트번호를 기반으로 응용 트래픽을 분류하여 분석할 수 있지만, IPv6과 MPLS 등의 다양한 프로토콜에 대한 트래픽을 분석할 수는 없다. 따라서, IETF에서는 IPFIX표준을 제정하여 확장성 있고 SCTP/TCP 전송 프로토콜을 이용하여 신뢰성있는 플로우 측정 프레임워크를 제시하였다. 본 논문은 Cisco NetFlow v5와 NetFlow v9(IPFIX의 기본 프로토콜)를 모두 지원하여 IPv4/IPv6 트래픽을 실시간으로 분석할 수 있는 플로우 기반 트래픽 모니터링 도구를 구현하였고, 실험을 통하여 IPv6 트래픽을 신뢰성있게 분석할 수 있다는 것을 보였다.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제50권4호
• /
• pp.595-603
• /
• 2014

This study is aimed to analyze the hydrodynamic characteristics of the cage net in the circulating water channel. It visualized wake flows using a PIV (paricle imaging velocimetry) and analyzed the flow velocity distribution. In addition, the vorticity and turbulence intensity were analyzed from the wake flow distribution and compared changes by flow velocity. Results showed that the average turbulence intensity in the circulating water channel was very stable showing less than 1% in the range between 0.2 and 0.8 m/s. The drag coefficient affecting to the netting was estimated to be 1.35. The flow decreasing rate of the wake in the middle of the netting was 2.1% at the range of 0.2 m/s and it was constant at 6.6-6.9% over the range of 0.4 m/s irrespective of velocity increases. Finally, the change of turbulence intensity by netting and knot mesh could be confirmed. These results can be utilized as a basic information for the future research of flow characteristics by fishing nets and meshes.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
• /
• 제48권9호
• /
• pp.35-46
• /
• 2011

미래인터넷은 효과적인 이동성 처리, 유연한 트래픽 엔지니어링 기술 및 다양한 새로운 응용 지원이 이루어져야 한다. 이에 따라 많은 트래픽 엔지니어링 기술들이 제안되고 개발되어 왔지만 이를 실제 운용 중인 상용 인터넷 망에 적용하는 것은 매우 어려운 것이 사실이다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해 다양한 네트워킹 관련 응용을 지원하는 컨트롤러를 사용해 망의 장비를 제어할 수 있는 OpenFlow 기법이 제안되었다. 이는 소프트웨어 적으로 정의된 망으로 연구자들이 자신 만의 트래픽 엔지니어링 기법을 컨트롤러에 적용하여 그 유용성을 검증할 수 있다. 한편 고속 패킷 처리를 지원하는 OpenFlow 망의 구축을 위해 4개의 1G 인터페이스를 가지는 프로그래밍 가능한 NetFPGA 카드와 상용 Procurve 스위치 들이 사용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 하드웨어 가속 기능이 지원되는 NetFPGA 카드와 Procurve 스위치를 KREONET 망에 적용한 OpenFlow 테스트베드를 구축하고 가장 보편적인 QoS 라우팅 기법인 CSPF 알고리즘을 구축한 대규모 테스트베드 상에 적용하여 멀티미디어 트래픽 엔지니어링 기법의 성능 및 유효성 검증을 수행하였다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제54권12호
• /
• pp.4776-4797
• /
• 2022

In the one-dimensional thermal-hydraulic (TH) codes, a subcooled boiling model to predict the void fraction profiles in a vertical channel consists of wall heat flux partitioning, the vapor condensation rate, the bubbly-to-slug flow transition criterion, and drift-flux models. Model performance has been investigated in detail, and necessary refinements have been incorporated into the Safety and Performance Analysis Code (SPACE) developed by the Korean nuclear industry for the safety analysis of pressurized water reactors (PWRs). The necessary refinements to models related to pumping factor, net vapor generation (NVG), vapor condensation, and drift-flux velocity were investigated in this study. In particular, a new NVG empirical correlation was also developed using artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. Simulations of a series of subcooled flow boiling experiments at pressures ranging from 1 to 149.9 bar were performed with the refined SPACE code, and reasonable agreement with the experimental data for the void fraction in the vertical channel was obtained. From the root-mean-square (RMS) error analysis for the predicted void fraction in the subcooled boiling region, the results with the refined SPACE code produce the best predictions for the entire pressure range compared to those using the original SPACE and RELAP5 codes.

• 한국전산유체공학회지
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2010

In the present work, the aerodynamic characteristics of elliptic airfoils which have a 12% thickness ratio are numerically investigated based on Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations and a transition SST model at a Reynolds number 8.0$\times$105. The numerical simulation of a synthetic jet actuator which is a well-known zero-net-mass active flow control actuator located at x/c = 0.00025, was performed to control massive flow separation around the leading edge of the elliptic airfoils. Four cases of non-dimensional frequencies were simulated at an angle of attack of 12 degree. It is found that the size of the vortex induced by synthetic jets was getting smaller as the jet frequency becomes higher. Comparison of the location of synthetic jets between x/c = 0.00025 (around the leading edge) and x/c = 0.9 (near the separation) shows that the control near the leading edge induces closed recirculation flow regions caused by the interaction of the synthetic jet with the external flow, but the control applied at 0.9c (near the trailing edge) induces a very small and weak vortex which quickly decays due to weak intensity.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제18권9호
• /
• pp.2413-2422
• /
• 1994

The effects of compressor design conditions on the off-design performance of a single-shaft gas turbine engine have been studied. Three different geometric design conditions are considered and three different values for the specific mass flow rate at the inlet to the compressor are assumed. For each of nine compressor design, the off-design performance of the gas turbine engine is predicted using the method previously proposed by present authors. Results show that the predicted off-design performances are quite different from each other even though they have the same performance at design point: it means that compressor design conditions should be determined in consideration of the off-design performance of the engine. The specific mass flow rate at the inlet to the compressor is also shown that it might be optimized with respect to the net power of the engine.

• 대한기계학회논문집
• /
• 제18권9호
• /
• pp.2234-2244
• /
• 1994

A process sequence of multi-operation cold forging for actual application in industry is designed with the rigid-plastic finite element method to form a constant velocity joint housing(CVJ housing). The material flow during the CVJ housing forming is axisymmetric until the final forging process for forming of ball grooves. This study treats the deformation as an axisymmetric case. The main objective of the process sequence design is to obtain preforms which satisfy the design criteria of near-net-shape product requiring less machining after forming. The process sequence design also investigates velocity distributions, effective strain distributions and forging loads, which are useful information in the real process design.

• 한국항공우주학회지
• /
• 제36권9호
• /
• pp.898-906
• /
• 2008

본 연구에 적용된 터빈은 2단으로 구성되며, 첫 번째 단에는 축류형 터빈이 적용되고 두 번째 단에는 반경류형 터빈이 적용되었다. 축류형 터빈에서 동익의 평균반경은 70mm 이며, 반경류형 터빈의 외경은 입구에서 68mm였다. 실험에서 반경류형 터빈의 경우에는 두 개의 다른 형태가 적용되었으며, 최적의 설계변수를 확인하기 위하여 노즐의 각도를 3가지로 변경하면서 실험을 수행하였다. 터빈의 형상에 따른 성능평가를 위하여 총비토오크를 기준으로 비교하였다. 실험의 결과에서 낮은 부분분사에서 작동하면서 고토오크를 얻기 위한 소형터빈의 성능에는 노즐 각도가 가장 중요한 설계변수임을 보여주었다. 부분분사율이 3.4%이면서 노즐의 분사각도가 $75^{\circ}$인 경우에 두 번째 단에 반경류형 터빈을 장착하였을 때 총비토오크는 13%향상하는 결과를 보여주었다.