• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.26-31
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• 2017

Objectives A normal circadian rhythm of autonomic nervous system function stands for the daily change of sympathetic and parasympathetic modulation, which can be measured by heart rate variability (HRV). Generally, patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) are prone to sleep-wake cycle dysregulation, therefore, it may have an influence on the circadian rhythm of autonomic nervous system. This study was designed to interpret possible dysregulation of autonomic nervous system in ICU patients by using HRV. Methods HRV was assessed every 3 hours in 21 ICU patients during a 7-minute period. The statistical differences of HRV features between the morning (AM 6 : 00-PM 12 : 00), and the afternoon (PM 12 : 00-PM 18 : 00) periods were evaluated in time domain and frequency domain. Results Patients showed significantly increased normalized power of low frequencey (nLF), absolute power of low frequencey (LF)/absolute power of high frequencey (HF) in the afternoon period as compared to the morning period. However, normalized power of high frequency (nHF) was significantly decreased in the afternoon period. There was no statistically significant difference between the morning period and the afternoon period in the time domain analysis. Conclusions The increased sympathetic tone in the afternoon period supports possible dysregulation in the circadian rhythm of autonomic nervous system in ICU patients. Future studies can help to interpret the association between autonomic dysregulation and negative outcomes of ICU patients.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.107-124
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• 2008

We investigated the effects of distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture on autonomic nervous system with the Heart Rate Variability(HRV) in adult man. as well as we tried to observe how distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture on the balance of the autonomic nervous system. Methods : We investigated on 61 healthy volunteers consisted of 31 subjects in experiment(distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture) group and 30 subjects in control(Normal Saline) group. Study form was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial. 31 subjects in experiment group were injected distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture at GB21(Kyonjong) and 30 subjects in control group were injected Normal Saline at GB21(Kyonjong). except of 2 subjects(in control group) who can't be measured and 10 subjects(6 in experiment group and 4 in control group) who move or make unforceable error during measuring. Finally 25 subject in experiment group and 24 subject in control group are studied. We measured HRV by PolyG-I on 7 times : before and after injection per 5 minutes during 30 minutes. The SPSS 10.0 for windows was used to analyze the data and the paired t test(in group) and Student t test(between two groups) were used to verify the result. Results : I. After distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture injection, SDNN is significantly high from 5 minute to 10 minute and from 15 minute to 30 minute, Complexity is significantly low from 20 minute to 30minute. HRV index is significantly mgb for first 20 minute and from 25 minute to 30 minute, RMSSD is significantly high only from 15 minute to 20 minute. 2. HRV index of distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly increased from 25 minute to 30 minute, pNN50 of distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly decreased from 25 minute to 30 minute and RMSSD of distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture Group significantly increased from 25 minute to 30 minute compared with those of Normal Saline group. 3. After distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture injection, Ln(TP) is significantly high from 5 minute to 10 minute and from 15 minute to 30 minute. Ln(VLF) is significantly high after 5 minute, Ln(LF) is significantly high after 15 minute and Ln(HF) is significantly high from 5 minute to 10 minute and 25 minute to 30 minute, but significantly low for first 5 minute and from 10 minute to 20 minute. Normalized LF is significantly high after 20 minute and Normalized LF is significantly low after 20 minute. Conclusions : The results suggest that distilled Astragali Radix Herbal Acupuncture in healthy adult man tend to activate the autonomic nervous system within normal range. This result is derived from that parasympathetic nervous system was continuously activated and sympathetic nervous system was activated a little later.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.9
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• pp.754-765
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• 2023

Exosomes are a type of extracellular vesicle containing proteins and messenger and microRNAs; they are secreted by all cell types. Once released, exosomes are selectively taken up by other cells adjacent or at a distance, releasing their contents and reprogramming the target cells. Since exosomes are natural vesicles produced by cells as small sizes, it is generally accepted that exosomes have a non-toxic nature and non-immunogenic behaviors. Recently, exosomes have elicited scientific attention as drug delivery vehicles to the central nervous system. The central nervous system has a blood-brain barrier that makes it difficult for drugs to penetrate. Thus, the blood-brain barrier has been a major obstacle to the development of drugs for treating neurodegenerative diseases. However, accumulating evidence suggests that exosomes can cross the blood-brain barrier primarily through transcytosis. Consequently, exosomes are expected to become a new delivery vehicle that can cross the blood-brain barrier and deliver drugs into the brain parenchyma. In addition, since different types of exosomes are secreted depending on the cell type and disease state, exosomes can also be utilized as biomarkers for the diagnosis of diseases in the central nervous system. In this review, we summarized recent research trends on exosomes, including clinical trials as biomarkers and treatment options for diseases in the central nervous system.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.385-390
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• 1996

General pharmacological properties of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI) following intravenous administration of 1,000,000 units/kg were examined in terms of effects on central nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system, gastrointestinal system in mice, rats and rabbits. Administration of UTI (1,000,000 units/kg, iv) had no effect on central nervous system; no influences on pentobarbital sleeping time, spontaneous activity, normal body temperature, chemoshock produced by pentylenetetrazole solution, writhing syndromes induced by 0.6% acetic acid solution, and motor coordination of mice. The administration of UTI (1,000,000) units/kg, iv) in rats had no effect on systolic blood pressure and pulse rate. UTI (500,000 units/kg, iv) given to anesthetized rabbits showed no effect on respiratory rate. However, it showed significant elevation of respiratory rate at the concentration of 1,000,000 units/kg. Gastric secretion of rat and intestinal motility of mice were not influenced by the dose of 1,000,000 units/kg. In terms of autonomic nervous system, the material did not show direct effect and inhibitory or augmentative action of histamine- or acetylcholine-induced contraction at the concentration of 2,000 units/ml in the isolated ileum of guinea pig.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.412-418
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• 1997

General pharmacological properties of AG 60 (mixture of acriflavine and guanosine (1:1, w/w)), which has anticancer effect, following intramuscular administration were examined in terms of effects on central nervous system, gastrointestinal system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system and autonomic nervous system in mice, rats, guinea-pigs and rabbits. AG 60 at the dose of 15 mgtg had no influences on pentobarbital sleeping time, spontaneous motor activity, chemoshock produced by pentylenetetrazole solution, writhing syndromes induced by 0.8% acetic acid solution, and motor coordination of mice. However, AG 60 at the dose of 7.5 and 15 mg/kg caused significant decrease of normal body temperature 1 and/or 2 h after the administration. No influence on body temperature was observed at 3.75 mg/kg in mice. Gastric secretion of rat and intestinal motility of mice were not influenced by the dose of 15 mg/kg. In terms of autonomic nervous system, AG 60 did not show direct effect and inhibitory or augmentative action of histamine- or acetylcholine-induced contractions at the concentration of 5 mg/L in the isolated ileum of guinea-pig. The administration of 15 mg/kg of AG 60 did not affect mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate in rat. AG 60 (15 mg/kg) given to anesthetized rabbits showed no effect on respiratory rate.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-50
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• 2001

Background: Power spectrum analysis method is a powerful noninvasive tool for quantifying autonomic nervous system activity. In this paper, we developed a data acquistion system for estimating the activity of the autonomic nervous system by the analysis of heart rate and respiratory rate variability using power spectrum analysis. Materials and methods: For the detection of QRS peak and measurement of respiratory rate from patient's ECG, we used low-pass filter and impedence method respectively. This system adopt an isolated power for patient's safety. In this system, two output signals can be obtained: R-R interval heart rate) and respiration rate time series. Experimental ranges are 30-240 BPM for ECG and 15-80 BPM for respiration. Results: The system can acquire two signals accurately both in the experimental test using simulator and in real clinical setting. Conclusion: The system developed in this paper is efficient for the acquisition of heart rate and respiration signals. This system will play a role in research area for improving our understanding of the pathophysiologic involvement of the autonomic nervous system in various disease states.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1995

IY-80843, N[2-(2-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-N'-[4-(lmidazole-4-yl)phenyl] formamidine, is a new potent $H_2-receptor$ anagonist. The potential secondary pharmacologic effects of this agent, on the central nervous and cardiovascular systems were studied. IY-80843 caused ptosis, suppression of locomotion, hypotehrmia, prolongation of sleeping time and hypotensive effects in mice, rats and dogs. These results suggest that IY-80843 affects the funcition of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems in a dose-dependent manner.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.181-185
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• 2003

Whether there exists a sympathetic neural regulation on the aquaporin (AQP) channels in the kidney was examined. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. They were renal nerve denervated by stripping the nervous and connective tissues passing along the renal artery and vein, and painting these vessels with 10% phenol solution through a midline abdominal incision. Three days later, the expression of AQP1-4 proteins in the denervated kidneys was determined. The content of norepinephrine was found significantly decreased following the denervation. Accordingly, the expression of AQP2 proteins was markedly decreased. The expression of AQP3 and AQP4 was also slightly but significantly decreased, while that of AQP1 was not. Neither the basal nor the AVP-stimulated accumulation of cAMP was significantly affected in the denervated kidney. It is suggested that the sympathetic nervous system has a tonic stimulatory effect on AQP channels in the kidney.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.185-194
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• 2011

Therapeutic duplication (TD) is frequently reported inappropriate drug use in healthcare settings in Korea. This study was aimed to develop TD criteria for psycho-nervous system drugs (KFDA classification 117 and 119). ATC classification was used to determine therapeutic and/or chemical similarities among the 93 ingredients reviewed. Clinical practice guidelines, textbooks and product labels were referenced for principles and evidences of possible drug combination usage. 16 groups that listed ingredients to be considered as TD were established and the criteria would be helpful to prevent TDs.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.8
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• pp.1240-1245
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• 2015

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the autonomic nervous system activity in various ambient temperatures. To evaluate autonomic function, we use the frequency domain analysis of heart rate variability such as FFT(fast fourier transformation), AR(Auto-Regressive) model and Lomb-Scargle peridogram. HRV(heart rate variability) is calculated by using ECG recorded from 3 different temperature room which temperature is controlled in 18℃(low), 25℃(mid) and 38℃(high), respectively. Totally 22 subjects were participated in the experiment. In the results, the most significant autonomic changes caused by temperature load were found in the HF(high frequency) component of FFT and AR model. And the HF power is decreased by increasing temperature. Significance level was increased by increasing the difference of temperatures.