• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.278-290
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• 1997

The purposes of this study were to evaluate and compare the pulpal anesthesia induced by an inferior alveolar nerve block and that by Gow-Gates technique, and to investigate the relationship between pulpal anesthesia and intraoral soft tissue responses. After one side of mandibule was anesthetized with inferior alveolar nerve block or Gow-Gates technique using 2 % lidocaine with 1 : 100,000 epinephrine in 19 volunteers of ages between 24 and 29 (16 males and 3 females, average age 25.9 yrs.), electric pulp tests were done on the canine teeth of the anesthetized side and contralateral one before, at 1 min, continued at every 5 minutes until 60 min, and every 10 minutes until 100 min after completion of local anesthetic injection. Degree of pulpal anesthesia was classified as anesthetic failure, possible anesthesia and complete anesthesia by the criteria based on the thresholds to electric pulp test of contralateral canine and the currents of the electric pulp tester. Subjective signs on the lower lip and tongue were checked and prick-pin tests were done on the buccal gingiva of the first molar, buccal and lingual gingiva of the canine tooth at 5, 10 and 20 min after the completion of anesthetic injection. Thresholds to electric pulp test, degree of pulpal anesthesia and relationship between the pulpal anesthesia and soft tissue responses were analyzed with SPSS, paired t-test, Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test and correlation analysis. The results were as follows : No significant differences were found in the peak thresholds to electric pulp test, in the induction time to it and in the depth of pulpal anesthesia between inferior alveolar nerve block and Gow-Gates technique (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between pulpal anesthesia and soft tissue responses in both inferior nerve block and Gow-Gates technique.

• Journal of Korean Foot and Ankle Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.227-230
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• 2005

Injuries to sural nerve through surgical incision or open wound in calcaneal fractures were reported as complications causing lateral hindfoot pain. But sural nerve entrapment by adhesive fibrous tissue after Essex-Lopresti axial fixation has not been reported. We report a case of sural nerve entrapment after Essex-Lopresti axial fixation which was successfully treated by nerve decompression.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.113-117
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• 2000

A neurilemmoma of the facial nerve presenting as a parotid mass is a rare neoplasm and has been reported infrequently in the surgical literature. Diagnosis is usually by tissue biopsy intraoperatively and treatment is surgical with preservetion of facial function. This is a case of a solitary neurilemmoma involving the main trunk of the facial nerve in the posterior part of parotid gland continuing up to vertical segment of the facial nerve, in which the facial nerve had to be sacrificed and free autogenous nerve grafting was done.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.19 no.3 s.142
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• pp.269-274
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• 1981

Several patients of trigeminal neuralgia were observed pathologically. The results were as follows. 1. Three of five were female and two of five were male. The oldest was 76-year-old man and the youngest 49-year-old woman. The average age was 59.4 years. 2. The main division of involvement was third branch and two cases were combined with infra orbital nerve. 3. There was no constant pathologic changes in nerve tissue, but capillary proliferation were observed in perineural connective tissue in two cases. In one case, there was microneuromatic lesion and mild schwann cell proliferation. But in general, there were nonspecific pathological changes in nerve fiber.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.578-581
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• 2008

Schwannoma named neurinoma, peripheral glioma, perineural fibriblastoma and Neurilemmoma is a ectodermal benign neoplasm which originates from schwann cell or neuro axons. It usually develops in peripheral systems of sensory nerves of gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and bone. It occurs more frequently in soft tissue than hard tissue, and is extremely rare in intraoral area. We report a case of Schwannoma that showed large mass on buccal cheek with Rt. midfacial swelling, pain, tenderness to palpation and involvement with maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve. We present this case and review the literature.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.75-78
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• 2018

Depression of facial contour after parotidectomy is still challenging to many of surgeons. A 68-year-old man presented with a 4-month history of a painless swelling in both parotid area. The mass was multiple and fixed at the parotid region. We conducted a parotid duct preserving bilateral superficial parotidectomy by one-stage operation to remove the multiple tumors. A lazy S incision was made in both preauricular area and the peripheral branches of the facial nerve were identified using surgical landmark. After dissecting the branches of the facial nerve and parotid duct, main parotid duct was preserved but only small fine ductules from the superficial lobe were ligated. Parotid gland was excised from its anterior aspect with about 1 cm of normal parotid tissue margin. The patient was followed up for 6 years to evaluate postoperative parotid gland function and the computed tomography (CT) was taken. Patient was satisfied with no significant complication such as sunken changes in facial contour, facial nerve function. As far as we know, it is the first study to compare long-term soft tissue contours of soft tissue of duct preserving superficial parotidectomy with duct sacrificing superficial parotidectomy by means of CT findings.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.236-239
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• 2017

After dual plating with a locking compression plate for comminuted intraarticular fractures of the distal humerus, the incidence of ulnar nerve injury after surgery has been reported to be up to 38%. This can be reduced by an anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve but some surgeons believe that extensive handling of the nerve with transposition can increase the risk of an ulnar nerve dysfunction. This paper reports ulnar nerve injuries caused by the incomplete insertion of a screw head in dual plating without an anterior ulnar nerve transposition for AO/OTA type C2 distal humerus fractures. When an anatomical locking plate is applied to a distal humeral fracture, locking screws around the ulnar nerve should be inserted fully without protrusion of the screw because an incompletely inserted screw can cause irritation or injury to the ulnar nerve because the screw head in the locking system usually has a slightly sharp edge because screw head has threads. If the change in insertion angle and resulting protruded head of the screw are unavoidable for firm fixation of fracture, the anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve is recommended over a soft tissue shield.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.3-10
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• 2014

The inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) block is the most frequently used mandibular injection technique for achieving local anesthesia for restorative and surgical procedures. However, The IAN block does not always result in successful anesthesia, especially pulpal anesthesia. Lidocaine is used as a "standard" local anesthetic for the inferior alveolar nerve. Articaine recently joined Korean market as a form of dental cartridge. It has an advantage of superior diffusion through bony tissue. A variety of trial was performed to improve the success rate of inferior alveolar nerve block. In this review, the recent update related with inferior alveolar nerve block anesthesia will be discussed on the anatomical consideration, anesthetic agent, technique, and complications.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.251-253
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• 2013

Inferior alveolar nerve block obtained maximum anesthetic effect using a small dose of local anesthetic agent, which also has low a complication incidence. Complications of an inferior alveolar nerve block include direct nerve damage, bleeding, trismus, temporary facial nerve palsy, and etc. Among them, the major iatrogenic complication is dental needle fracture. A fragment that disappears into the soft tissue would be hard to remove, giving rise to a legal problem. A 31-year-old woman was referred for the removal of a broken needle, following an inferior alveolar nerve block. Management involved the removal of the needle under local anesthesia with pre- and peri-operative computed tomography scans.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.88-91
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• 1994

Headache, like low back pain, is one of the most common of pain conditions. Many data suggest that nerve block can be one of effective treatments in managing headache except pure psychologic or surgical origin, because mechanism of headaches have neurologic, vascular or local tissue pathology. We experienced two types of headache; episodic tension-type headache, and benign exertional headache; successful treatment consist of nerve block and modulation of exercise, respectively.