• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.94-98
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• 2009

저자들은 태반에서 L. monocytogenes 균이 동정된 무증상 산모에서 출생한 $26^{+4}$주, 930g 초극소 저체중 출생아에서 리스테리아 조기 패혈증 및 폐렴이 발생하여 항생제 치료 후 호전된 1례를 경험하여 이를 문헌 고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1999

Pneumocystis carinii is pulmonary pathogen of immunocompromised humans or other mammals. Its infection results from activation of organism involves in latent infection or form new infection through the air. Almost all children are known to be infected within 2 to 4 years of birth, though prenatal transplacental transmission has not yet been demonstrated. In this study we observed experimental P.carinii infection in neonatal rats, thus investigating the possibility of transplacental vertical transmission by Diff-Quik staining of the lung impression smears and in-sity hybridization for lung sections. The postive rate of P.carinii infection in immunosuppressed maternal rats was 100%, but that in normal maternal rats was 0%. Cystic forms of P.carinii were observed in three of six 1-week old neonatal rats born of heavily infected mothers, but none of them was positive by in-situ hybridization. Five weeks after birth, cystic forms were detected in four neonatal rats. In the lobes of the lungs, no predilection site of P.carinii was recognized. Counts of cystic forms on smears and the reactivity of in-situ hbridization in the lungs of neonatal rats 0 were signficantly lower than in maternal rats. The present findings suggest that P.carinii is rarely transmitted through the placenta and proliferates less successfully in the lungs of neonatal rats than in mothers.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권12호
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• pp.989-993
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• 2010

Although numerous clinical observational studies have been conducted over a period of over 30 years, the clinical significance of $Ureaplasma$ infection is still under debate. The $Ureaplasma$ speices. is a commensal in the female genital tract and considered to have of low virulence; however, $Ureaplasma$ colonization has been associated with infertility, stillbirth, preterm delivery, histologic chorioamnionitis, and neonatal morbidities, including congenital pneumonia, meningitis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and perinatal death. Recently, $Ureaplasma$ was subdivided into 2 separate species and 14 serovars. $Ureaplasma$ $parvum$ is known as biovar 1 and contains serovars 1, 3, 6, and 14, and $Ureaplasma$ $urealyticum$ (biovar 2) contains the remaining serovars (2, 4, 5, and 7-13). The existence of differences in pathogenicities of these 14 serovars and 2 biovars is controversial. Although macrolides are the only antimicrobial agents currently available for use in neonatal ureaplasmal infections, in the current clinical field, it is difficult to make decisions regarding which antibiotics should be used. Future investigations involving large, multicenter, randomized, controlled studies are needed before proper recommendations can be made for clinical practice.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.219-224
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• 2014

Streptococcus bovis에 의한 신생아 침습감염을 보고한 사례는 많지 않으며, 지금까지 보고된 증례는 대부분 Streptococcus pasteurianus가 원인이었다. 저자들은 생후 28일에 열이 나서 온 환자의 혈액과 뇌척수액에서 분리된 균주를 16S rRNA와 tuf 유전자 염기서열분석을 통해 Streptococcus lutetiensis로 동정할 수 있었다. 환자의 혈액에서 배양된 균주는 자동화 장비(VITEK 2)에서 Streptococcus infantarius로 동정되었고 뇌척수액에서 자란 균주는 동정되지 않았다. 환자는 항균제 투여 2일째부터 열이 떨어지고 전신상태가 호전되었으며, 14일간 항균제 사용 후 신경학적 합병증 없이 퇴원하였다. 저자들은 S. bovis군에 의한 침습 감염 환자에서 정확한 균주 동정을 위해 분자유전학적 검사기법이 도움이 될 수 있음을 확인하였고 본 증례의 원인 균주가 신생아 침습감염의 원인으로 알려진 사례가 없어 보고하는 바이다.

• 식품기술
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.45-61
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• 2005

The first cases of neonatal meningitis believed to have been caused by Enterobacter sakazakii were reported in 1961. Prompted by several subsequent outbreaks of E. sakazakii infections in neonates and an increasing number of neonates in intensive care units being fed rehydrated powdered infant formula, considered to be a source of the pathogen, public health authorities and researchers are exploring ways to eliminate the bacterium or control its growth in dry infant formula, processing environments and formula preparation areas in hospitals. Reviewed here are advances in taxonomy and classification of E. sakazakii, methods of detecting, isolating and typing the bacterium, antibiotic resistance, clinical etilogy and pathogenicity. Outbreaks of E. sakazakii infections in neonates and adults are summarized. Reports on the presence of E. sakazakii in clinical settings, the environment and foods and food processing facilities are reviewed.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.194-202
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• 1999

목 적 : 이전까지는 국내에서 발생 증례가 적었던 GBS 감염증이 최근에는 자주 접하게 되었다. 이에 최근 수년간의 발생 증례에 대한 고찰을 하여 그 임상적, 역학적 특성을 고찰하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 1985년 6월부터 1999년 6월까지 서울대학교 병원 소아과에서 균이 증명된 GBS 감염증 환아들을 대상으로 하였다. 이들의 의무 기록을 후향적으로 검토하였고, 분려된 일부 균주의 혈청형과 항균제 감수성을 경시하였다. 결 과 : 기간 별 증례 수를 비교해 보면, 1990년대 후반에 그 이전보다 증례가 많았다. 총 27례중 25례가 신생아 감염증이었고, 지발형이면서 뇌막염인 증례가 많았다. 혈청형은 III(6균주), Ib(6), Ia(1)와 II(1)였다. 검사된 10개의 항균제에 대하여 모든 균주가 감수성을 보였다. 결 론 : 국내에서 신생아 GBS 감염증은 증가하고 있는 추세이므로, 신생아 패혈증 또는 뇌막염의 원인균으로서 GBS의 가능성을 고려하여야 하며, 향후 빈도가 더욱 증가하면 산모에게 산전 검사와 예방적 항생제 요법 등을 고려해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제56권8호
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• pp.332-337
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• 2013

Purpose: To identify the frequency of bacterial isolates in early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) and their antimicrobial resistance pattern. Methods: A retrospective study of EONS was conducted at the Beni Suef University Hospital from September 2008 to September 2012. A case of EONS was defined as an infant who had clinical signs of infection or who was born to a mother with risk factors for infection, and in whom blood culture obtained within 72 hours of life grew a bacterial pathogen. Results: Of 673 neonates screened, there were 138 positive blood cultures (20.5%) (confirmed EONS). Of the recovered isolates, 86.2% were gram-negative pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae (42.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (22.5%), and Escherichia coli (13.8%) were the commonest isolated organisms. The most common gram-positive microorganism was Staphylococcus aureus accounting for only 12 isolates (8.7%). All Klebsiella isolates and 93% of Enterobacter isolates were resistant to ampicillin. Gram-negative pathogens had the maximum overall sensitivity to imipenem, cefepime, and ciprofloxacin; whereas, gram-positive isolates were most susceptible to vancomycin, imipenem, and piperacillin. Conclusion: K. pneumoniae was the predominant causative bacteria of EONS followed by E. cloacae and E. coli. There was a high resistance to ampicillin. Imipenem had the maximum overall activity against the causative bacteria. Continuous surveillance is needed to monitor the changing epidemiology of pathogens and antibiotic sensitivity.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제61권2호
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• pp.12.1-12.9
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• 2021

The mosquito-borne pathogen Zika virus may result in neurological disorders such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and microcephaly. The virus is classified as a member of the Flaviviridae family and its wide spread in multiple continents is a significant threat to public health. So, there is a need to develop animal models to examine the pathogenesis of the disease and to develop vaccines. To examine the clinical profile during Zika virus infection, we infected neonatal and adult wild-type mice (C57BL/6 and Balb/c) and compared the clinical signs of African-lineage strain (MR766) and Asian-lineage strain (PRVABC59, MEX2-81) of Zika virus. Consistent with previous reports, eight-week-old female Balb/c mice infected with these viral strains showed no changes in body weight, survival rate, and neurologic signs, but demonstrated increases in the weights of spleens and hearts. However, one-day-old neonates showed significantly lower survival rate and body weight with the African-lineage strain than the Asian-lineage strain. These results confirmed the pathogenic differences between Zika virus strains. We also evaluated the clinical responses in neonatal and adult mice of different strains. Our findings suggest that these are useful mouse models for characterization of Zika virus for vaccine development.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2019

Purpose: In this study, we investigated the clinical features and prognostic factors of early-onset sepsis (EOS) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) patients. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on medical records from January 2010 to June 2017 (7.5 years) of a university hospital NICU. Results: There were 45 cases of EOS (1.2%) in 3,862 infants. The most common pathogen responsible for EOS was group B Streptococcus (GBS), implicated in 10 cases (22.2%), followed by Escherichia coli, implicated in 9 cases (20%). The frequency of gram-positive sepsis was higher in term than in preterm infants, whereas the rate of gram-negative infection was higher in preterm than in term infants (P<0.05). The overall mortality was 37.8% (17 of 45), and 47% of deaths occurred within the first 3 days of infection. There were significant differences in terms of gestational age (26.8 weeks vs. 35.1 weeks) and birth weight (957 g vs. 2,520 g) between the death and survival groups. After adjustments based on the difference in gestational age and birth weight between the 2 groups, gram-negative pathogens (odds ratio [OR], 42; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.4-1,281.8) and some clinical findings, such as neutropenia (OR, 46; 95% CI, 1.3-1,628.7) and decreased activity (OR, 34; 95% CI, 1.8-633.4), were found to be associated with fatality. Conclusion: The common pathogens found to be responsible for EOS in NICU patients are GBS and E. coli. Gram-negative bacterial infections, decreased activity in the early phase of infection, and neutropenia were associated with poor outcomes.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.875-877
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• 2005

Presence of Enterobacter sakazakii, occasional pathogen of powdered infant formula causing rare, but life-threatening diseases such as neonatal meningitis, bacteremia, necrotizing enterocolitis, and necrotizing meningoencephalitis after ingestion was examined in 45 powdered infant formula products manufactured in Korea using chromogenic Druggan-Forsythe-Iversen (DFI) medium, and isolates were identified with API 20E. Ent. sakazakii was isolated from three products. Ent. sakazakii isolates were genotyped by RAPD-PCR using two random primers, and their banding patterns were compared.