• 생명과학회지
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• 제23권10호
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• pp.1273-1279
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• 2013

방향족화합물들로 오염되어있는 토양 및 산업폐수를 포함한 각종 시료로부터 phenol에 분해활성이 높은 56균주를 순수분리 하였으며, 이들 분리 균주 중 균체생육과 phenol 분해활성이 가장 높은 균주인 GN13을 선별하였다. 분리균주 GN13은 형태학적, 생리학적 및 생화학적 특성을 조사한 결과 Neisseria 속 세균과 유사한 것으로 판명되어 최종적으로 Neisseria sp. GN13으로 명명하였다. 분리균주 Neisseria sp. GN13의 균체생육 및 phenol 분해를 위한 최적온도와 최적 pH는 각각 $32^{\circ}C$와 7.0였다. 유일 탄소원으로 phenol 1,000 mg/l를 포함하여 최적화된 배지를 사용한 jar-fermentor 배지에서 배양 30시간에 균체생육이 최대에 이르렀으며 배양 27시간째 거의 모든 phenol이 분해되었으며, catechol deoxygenase 활성측정에 의하여 Neisseria sp. GN13은 meta-와 ortho-pathway를 통하여 catechol 분해가 일어났다. Neisseria sp. GN13은 phenol 함유 인공폐수에서의 phenol 분해율은 배양 30시간 만에 97%의 phenol이 분해되는 것으로 나타났으며, 인공폐수에 대한 Neisseria sp. GN13과 활성슬러지 처리구에서의 TOC 제거효율은 각각 83%와 78%였다. 석유화학폐수에 대한 Neisseria sp. GN13의 COD 제거율은 활성슬러지만을 포함한 대조구보다 약 1.3배 높은 효율을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과로 미루어 분리균주 Neisseria sp. GN13은 phenol을 함유하고 있는 여러 폐수에 효과적으로 적용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제45권5호
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• pp.453-459
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• 2007

We developed a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay to simultaneously detect Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Corynebacterium spp. and seudomona aeruginosa. This method employs a single tube and multiple specific primers which yield 200, 281, 346, 423, 542, and 1,427 bp PCR products, respectively. All the PCR products were easily detected by agarose gel electrophoresis and were sequenced to confirm the specificity of the reactions. To test this method, DNA extracted from urine samples was collected from 96 sexually transmitted disease or prostatitis patients at a local hospital clinical center, and were subjected to the mPCR assay. The resulting amplicons were cloned and sequenced to exactly match the sequences of known pathogenic isolates. N. gonorrhoeae and Corynebacterium spp. were the most frequently observed pathogens found in the STDs and prostatitis patients, respectively. Unexpectedly, P. aeruginosa was also detected in some of the STD and prostatitis samples. More than one pathogen species was found in 10% and 80.7% of STD and prostatitis samples, respectively, indicating that STD and prostatitis patients may have other undiagnosed and associates. The sensitivity of the assay was determined by sing purified DNA from six pathogenic laboratory strains and revealed that this technique could detect pathogenic DNA at concentrations ranging from 0.018 to $1.899\;pg/{\mu}l$. Moreover, the specificities of this assay were found to be highly efficient. Thus, this mPCR assay may be useful for the rapid diagnosis of causative infectious STDs and prostatitis. useful for the infectious STDs and prostatitis.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.793-800
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• 2005

We isolated and identified microorganisms from the aerial environment of domestic museums. The fungi, Penicillium spp., Alternaria spp., and Cladosporium spp. were isolated in many museums. It seems that these fungi are related to biological degradation of textile remains. A total of 14 kinds of bacterial strains were isolated: Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Neisseria spp., Alcaligenes spp., Shigella spp., Klebsiella spp., Corynebacterium spp., Aerococcus spp., Bacillus spp., Micrococcus spp., Citrobacter spp., Erwinia spp., Salmonella spp., and Providencia spp. Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Neisseria spp., and Alcaligenes spp. were the predominate bacteria found in samples with a variety of bacteria. This suggests that there is a relationship between bacteria and the damage of textile remains. In the museum, we isolated Alternaria spp, Geotrichum spp., Penicillium spp. Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., Alcaligenes spp. from the entrance, exhibit hall and storage, but they were found in smaller number and species in the exhibit cases and paulownia cases. We concluded that paulownia cases were not influenced by the microorganisms because of quality of care provided by the museum staff. Corynebacterium spp., and Bacillus spp. were not detected at the entrance and exhibit hall but were detected in paulownia cases. It is presumed that those bacteria did not flow in from outside, but resulted from contaminants in paulownia cases. In the distribution of microorganisms associated with textile remains, more fungi were detected than bacteria. Acinetobacter spp., Pseudomonas spp., and Neisseria spp., were isolated from silk items. Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp. were isolated in the silk and hump items. Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. were isolated from the cotton items. On the other hands, there were no fungi strains in the wool items. Most of the isolated strains from textile remains were aerial microorganisms from the museum environment. These results suggest that textile remains were apt to contaminated by contact with the air.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.843-852
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• 2018

Objectives: The study aimed to isolate the abundant bacteria in dental caries in children and to investigate the bacterial species involved in addition to those that have been previously reported. Methods: The specimens were collected from the supragingival plaques of each dental caries area, pit and fissure caries, deep dentinal caries, smooth surface caries, and dental caries, and from healthy subjects in the control group. Bacteria were cultured from these specimens, DNA was extracted from the isolated bacteria, and the 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed and identified. Results: Based on the results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for the 90 strains of dominant bacteria from the 45 specimens, 5, 7, 8, 7, and 13 species were identified from the supragingival plaques from healthy teeth, pit and fissure caries, deep dentinal caries, smooth surface caries, and dental caries, respectively. In healthy teeth, Actinomyces naeslundii dominated. Corynebacterium durum, Ralstonia pickettii, and Streptococcus intermedius showed equal distribution. The dominant bacterial species in dental caries, S. sanguinis, showed the greatest difference in prevalence in pit and fissure caries. In deep dentinal caries, S. mutans and Lactobacillus rhamnosus were dominant; in smooth surface caries, S. mutans and S. sanguinis were dominant; and in the supragingival plaques of dental caries, S. sanguinis and S. mutans were dominant. Conclusions: The bacterial species isolated from dental caries encompassed four phyla, eight genera, and 22 species. In addition, the SS1-2 strain, belonging to the genus Neisseria, was identified as a new species from among the isolated strains.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.251-262
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• 2006

교정치료 시 고정원으로 사용되는 교정용 미니임플랜트는 가동성 점막인 치조점막 부위에 식립해야 하는 경우가 많은데, 이때 미니임플랜트 주위 연조직의 증식을 동반한 염증이 빈번히 발생한다. 본 연구에서는 치조점막에 식립하여 연조직 증식이 발생된 미니임플랜트 주위의 세균총과 동일 환자의 인접한 건강한 치은 열구의 세균총을 비교하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 7명의 환자를 대상으로 하악 구치부의 치조점막에 식립하여 연조직 증식이 발생한 미니임플랜트 및 이에 연결된 결찰선 주위 열구의 세균막과 미니임플랜트에 인접한, 치은 염증이 없는 제2대구치의 치은열구의 세균막을 멸균된 paper point로 채취한 후, 16S rDNA 클론 library 제작 및 핵산염기서열 분석법을 이용하여 세균을 동정하여 비교하였다. 실험 결과 미니임플랜트 주위 열구로부터 304개의 16S rDNA 클론을 얻었으며, 치은열구로부터 238개의 16S rDNA 클론을 얻었다. 클론의 9.2%에 해당하는 24종의 세균들은 미니임플랜트 주위 열구에서만 검출되었고, 이들은 Haemophilus aphrophilus, Sphingomonas species, Capnocytophaga species, Prevotella melaninogenica, Lachnospiraceae species, Porphyromonas species, Neisseria flava 등이었다. 전체 클론의 80.4%에 해당하는 29종의 세균들은 미니임플랜트 주위 열구 및 건강한 치은 열구 모두에서 검출되었다. 이들 중 특히 미니임플랜트 주위에서 더 많은 클론이 분리된 세균들은 Prevotella species, Atopobium rimae, Veillonella species, Streptococcus intermedius/constellatus, Streptococcus salivarius 등이었다. 향후 연구에서는 본 연구에서 치조점막에 식립한 미니임플랜트 주위에서 검출된 세균들이 염증을 일으키거나 악화시킬 수 있는지를 밝히는 것이 필요하며, 이를 바탕으로 치조점막에 식립한 미니임플랜트 주위의 연조직 염증을 줄일 수 있는 방법을 찾는 것이 바람직하다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.322-328
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• 2005

Oral and maxillofacial infections are most commonly odontogenic in origin. The present study was implemented for patients with oral and maxillofacial infections in order to determine what differences were present in cultured bacteria, depending upon the different types of infection. For the present study, the epidemiological characteristics, the state of infection, and the results of the pus culture and antibiotic susceptibility tests were analyzed for the 159 cases where pus culture tests were performed. The patients were treated at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgical Department of Chonnam National University Hospital during an 18-months period from March 2003 to August 2004. Among the total 159 pus culture specimens, bacteria were cultured in 111 cases (69.8%). In the 111 pus culture specimens, Streptococcus species, Neisseria species, and Staphylococcus species were cultured from 69 cases (51.1%), 21 cases (15.6%), and 15 cases (11.1%), respectively and were determined to be bacterial strains the predominant bacteria responsible for oral and maxillofacial infectious diseases. Twenty four cases (15.1%) among the 159 specimens showed mixed infections. The mostly isolated bacteria from each of the space abscess, dentoalveolar abscess, inflammatory cyst, and pericoronitis cases were the Viridans streptococci. There was little relevance between the type of infection and the type of cultured bacteria. Antibiotic susceptibility tests showed a high level of susceptibility to teicoplanin(100%), vancomycin(100%), chloramphenicol(96.4%), ofloxacin(88.3%), imipenem(83.3%), erythromycin(82.5%) and a low susceptibility to cefazolin(40.0%), oxacillin(44.7%), ampicillin(49.4%), penicillin(51.1%). These results indicate that there was no significant difference among the cultured bacteria depending on the type of infections and their susceptibility to cephalosporin and penicillin G was low.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권12호
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• pp.1701-1708
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• 2021

Food safety is the most important global health issue due to foodborne pathogens after consumption of contaminated food. Foodborne bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Campylobacter spp., Bacillus cereus, Vibrio spp., Yersinia enterocolitica and Clostridium perfringens are leading causes of the majority of foodborne illnesses and deaths. These foodborne pathogens often come from the livestock feces, thus, we analyzed fecal microbial communities of three different livestock species to investigate the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in livestock feces using metagenomics analysis. Our data showed that alpha diversities of microbial communities were different according to livestock species. The microbial diversity of cattle feces was higher than that of chicken or pig feces. Moreover, microbial communities were significantly different among these three livestock species (cattle, chicken, and pig). At the genus level, Staphylococcus and Clostridium were found in all livestock feces, with chicken feces having higher relative abundances of Staphylococcus and Clostridium than cattle and pig feces. Genera Bacillus, Campylobacter, and Vibrio were detected in cattle feces. Chicken samples contained Bacillus, Listeria, and Salmonella with low relative abundance. Other genera such as Corynebacterium, Streptococcus, Neisseria, Helicobacter, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas known to be opportunistic pathogens were also detected in cattle, chicken, and pig feces. Results of this study might be useful for controlling the spread of foodborne pathogens in farm environments known to provide natural sources of these microorganisms.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 1990

This experiment was carried out to evaluate general characteristics of the water quality, total coliform, fecal coliform and microflora at the St. 1 to St. 3 and St. 4 to St. 7. Eighty-four water samples were collected from the 7 stations from July 1988 to April 1990 (see Fig. 1) Range and mean value of the samples were as follows water temperature 2.0-29.9$^{\circ}$C, 16.3$^{\circ}$C pH 6.86-9.08, 7.62: electrical conductivity 54.85$\mu \mho$/cm, 4.300 m$\mho$/cm, 911.93 $\mu \mho$/cm : turbidity 0.9-36 NTU, 6.8 NTU, respectively. pH and electrical conductivity at St. 4 to St. 7 were higher than those at St. 1 to St. 3, but turbidity at St. 1 to St. 2 was 7 times higher than that at Sonagdong river area. The bacterial density of the samples ranged 91-110,000/100ml for total coliform. 21-15,000/100ml for fecal coliform. Specially, the geometric mean value of the St. 3 was 11,836 / 100ml for it leveled heavy contaminaiton. Predominant species among the 3,874 strains isolated form the samples were 30.6% Enterobacteriaceae, 14.7% Acinetobacter, 9.0% Aeromonas. 8.9% Neisseria, and 7.5% Vibrio.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.621-629
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• 2022

Bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) typically contain multiple immunogenic molecules that include antigenic proteins, making them good candidates for vaccine development. In animal models, vaccination with OMVs has been shown to confer protective immune responses against many bacterial diseases. It is possible to genetically introduce heterologous protein antigens to the bacterial host that can then be produced and relocated to reside within the OMVs by means of the host secretion mechanisms. Accordingly, in this study we sought to develop a novel platform for recombinant OMV (rOMV) production in the widely used bacterial expression host species, Escherichia coli. Three different lipoprotein signal peptides including their Lol signals and tether sequences-from Neisseria meningitidis fHbp, Leptospira interrogans LipL32, and Campylobactor jejuni JlpA-were combined upstream to the GFPmut2 model protein, resulting in three recombinant plasmids. Pilot expression studies showed that the fusion between fHbp and GFPmut2 was the only promising construct; therefore, we used this construct for large-scale expression. After inducing recombinant protein expression, the nanovesicles were harvested from cell-free culture media by ultrafiltration and ultracentrifugation. Transmission electron microscopy demonstrated that the obtained rOMVs were closed, circular single-membrane particles, 20-200 nm in size. Western blotting confirmed the presence of GFPmut2 in the isolated vesicles. Collectively, although this is a non-optimized, proof-of-concept study, it demonstrates the feasibility of this platform in directing target proteins into the vesicles for OMV-based vaccine development.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1988

활동성이 강한 중학생을 대상으로 남$\cdot$여, 학생에 따른 세균 오염현황을 파악함으로써 중학생의 보건 교육에 관심을 높이고자 하여 1985년 2월 4일부터 2월 15일까지 서울 시내 중학교에 재학중인 학생 29명을 대상으로 양손으로 부터의 세균을 분리하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 손에 오염된 평균 세균수는 1학년 남학생 $3.08\times10^4$개 여학생$2.48\times10^4$개, 2학년 남학생 $3.32\times10^4$, 여학생 $1.64\times10^4$개로 2학년 여학생에 있어 특히 적은 수가 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 2. 중학생 손에서 검출된 세균의 속명은 Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Bacillus, Neisseria spp., Branhamella, Acinetobacter, Moraxella, Chromobacterim, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Actinobacillus, Pasteurella, Vibrio, Enterobacteria와 Plesiomonas로 17속으로 나타났다. 3. 속명이 밝혀진 균주 중 종명까지 밝혀진 것은 Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidemidis, Micrococcus varians, Branhamella catarrhalis, Acinetobacter anitratus, Moraxella bovis, Moraxella urethralis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa와 plesiomonas shigelloid로 9종이 밝혀졌다. 4. Genus 중 전체 학생중 나타난 출현 빈도가 가장 높은 것은 Staphylococcus $(96.6\%)$이었고 그 다음 Enterobacterial $(14.4\%)$ Bacillus$(20.7\%)$, Branhamella$(17.2\%)$순으로 나타났다.