• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.73-83
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• 2017

Due to the changes in the contemporary society, small-scale traditional markets have declined and lost their functions as the center of neighborhood commercial and cultural affairs. While most traditional markets are deteriorating, there exist rare cases of neighborhood small-scale traditional markets that continuously maintain their vitality and popularity. This paper examines urban spatial characteristics of those markets. As for the cases, this paper inventoried eighteen such markets in Gwanak-gu, Seoul. The research methods include literature reviews, on-site investigation of total 18 such markets, and participant observations. The findings of this paper are as follows: There are distinctive differences in the urban-spatial characteristics of physical environmental factors between the revitalized markets and declining markets. In terms of neighborhood and commercial environment, the franchised super-markets are not necessarily in competition with small-scale traditional markets. The former often has symbiotic relationship the latter, if the small scale traditional markets are strategically located in between residential areas and subway stations, providing active pedestrian networks. There are many outdoor display stands in the revitalized markets, while the declining markets rarely have them. The market improvement projects such as transforming the open space into arcade space, hardly have effects on revitalization of the small-scale traditional markets.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the environmental factors relating to children's outdoor play and to assess how the residential neighborhood is suitable for play in the perception of parents. Based on a citywide survey of 500 parents of elementary school students in grades 1-4 in Seoul, this empirical study shows that children's outdoor play environments in residential neighborhoods of Seoul have been observed to be overall unsuitable for play activity. Three physical environmental factors (spatial availability, neighborhood attractiveness, and street difficulties) and three social environmental factors (fear of crime, social interactions, and psychological comfort) are related to children's play activity. Five factors, with the exception of the psychological comfort factor, impact the suitability of children's outdoor play environment. Specifically, it is the physical environment, rather than the social environment, that was deemed unsuitable in spite of its impacts. These findings help us understand the current conditions of neighborhood play environments associated with children's play activity. It is necessary to improve parents' perceptions of the play environment and children's play activities by improving the physical environment.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.127-138
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• 2019

This study was to evaluate the walking speed of elderly people by using the travel route big data collected by travel diary and smart phone application. We analyzed the change of walking behavior in the residential street environments of the elderly whether they had a company or not. We interpreted the meaning based on previous studies. In addition, the characteristics of elderly people's use of the residential street environment were analyzed by comparing the change in spatial speed according to the companion. The result reveals that the usage patterns of the residential street environments change depending on whether they were accompanied or not. First, the elderly tend to do more social activities while walking alone than when they were accompanied. When they were accompanied the social activities occur in empty lot near the residential area. However, the social activities of the elderly occur in open space such as neighborhood park or playground while walking alone. Finally, This study has strength that it empirically analyzes the elderly's walking behavior and usage paths in small outdoor spaces, including residential streets.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2021

The design principles of new urbanism (NU) have been adopted for new towns-in town projects for inner city neighborhoods in Seoul, Korea Since 2000. Here, ten NU principles were matched to four urban design categories: streets, land use, housing and buildings, and public open spaces. These elements were analyzed for Eunpyung New Town project. Through the case, the applications and implications NU principles are explored. The principles of connectivity, quality architecture and urban design, increased density, green transportation, sustainability, and quality of life were positively and successively adopted for streets, land use, housing and buildings, and public open spaces. The principles of mixed-use and diversity and traditional neighborhood structure were only partially applied in land use, housing and buildings, and public open spaces. It should be note that the walkability principle is intended not for job-housing proximity, but for pedestrian-friendly street design.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.72-81
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• 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the exposure and risk assessment of residents near asbestos mines in Korea. Methods: To assess asbestos types and airborne concentrations, air monitoring was performed in the neighborhoods of Kwangcheon (KC) and Sinsuk (SS) mines, which were leading South Korean mines in the past. In addition, activity-based-sampling (ABS) of residents' particular activities were conducted in order to estimate the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risks (ELCRs) for the residents. Conclusions: The average concentration of airborne asbestos in KC was 0.0014 f/cc and 0.0015 f/cc by PCM and TEM, respectively. In SS it was equal at 0.0012 f/cc by PCM and TEM. No statistically significant difference was found in the average concentration of airborne asbestos between the two mines. The average asbestos concentration of ABS was 0.0048 f/cc (PCM) and 0.0042 f/cc (TEM) in KC, while it was 0.0137 f/cc (PCM) and 0.0125 f/cc (TEM) in SS. It was found that the average asbestos concentration of ABS in SS was statistically significantly higher than that of KC (p<0.01). The results of ELCRs by scenario in KC showed that the scenarios of bicycle, car, weed control, weed whacking, child playing in the dirt, and physical training fell within $1{\times}0^{-6}-1{\times}10^{-4}$, which is the acceptable range of ELCR. The scenarios of motorcycle, walker, digging, and field sweeping, however, exceeded the acceptable range. In SS, only the scenario of car fell within the acceptable range, while all of the other scenarios exceeded the acceptable range.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.71-81
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• 2015

Objectives: Photochemical ozone pollution is associated with increased mortality risk. This study aims to assess the population exposure to ozone according to population characteristics for high ozone days in the Busan metropolitan region (BMR). Methods: The ozone exposure assessment in this study was performed using the WRF-CMAQ simulated ozone concentrations and the population data in the BMR. The settled and daytime population and their activity were considered to conduct the static and dynamic ozone exposure assessment. Results: Applying a static exposure assessment, in case that high ozone occurred throughout Busan area, the highest exposure levels were evaluated in urban neighborhoods. In case of ozone pollution in outer Busan, because sensitive groups have been relatively higher exposure, this case was also evaluated as part of that should not be overlooked. The dynamic exposure was higher than static exposure because the number of population exposed to ozone of high concentration is increased. This approach is important in a regard consider that daytime population distribution when high ozone occur. Conclusion: This study shows the different population exposure according to various ozone distributions for each episode day. Considering demographic characteristic such as population density and activity should be important to understanding the population exposure assessment when ozone pollution occurs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.121-149
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• 2006

In recent days North Korean refugees. who hope to move into and settle in South Korea, have been rapidly increasing. However their adaptation to South Korea is reported to have not been so much successful as they expected. Considering such situations, this study attempts to investigate their information needs and behavior. North Korean refugees have various and strong information needs for settlement and daily life. The strongest were information needs related to economic Problem, specifically job and business related information needs. It was followed by information needs related to social welfare, health and security child care and education, and North Korean situation In order to meet their information needs. North Korean refugees were heavily dependent on informal interpersonal information sources such as their family members. friends. and their own neighborhoods. as compared to such formal interpersonal information sources as Public officers. social welfare agents, and NGOs members. Meanwhile. their usage of mass media such as TV. newspapers, and internet as information sources was also heavy However the overall information environment surrounding them appeared to be relatively inferior to that of average South Koreans.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.274-279
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• 2009

H.264 suggests applying a 2-D 6-tap wiener filter to realize the interpolation for half-pixel positions, followed by a bilinear interpolation to get the data of quarter-pixels precision. This method is comparatively simpler; however, it only considers the affection of 4-connection neighborhood ignoring the influence that comes from the changing rate between respective neighborhoods. As a result, it has the characteristics of a Low-pass filter under the risk of losing high-frequency weights. The Cubic interpolation uses the gray-values within the larger regions of points to be sampled for interpolation. Nevertheless, the cubic interpolation is more complicated and computational. We give a deep analysis on the features while applying both bilinear and cubic interpolation in H.264 presenting a proper selection of interpolation algorithm with respect to specific distribution of gray-value in a certain grand block. The experiments point out that load far motion searching and interpolation are reduced when promoting the precision of interpolation simultaneously.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.83-109
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• 2010

The main purpose of this paper is to suggest a spatial planning approach to effectively deal with airport noise problems in neighborhoods adjacent to civil airports. Rapid urbanization around the airports, as well as growing concerns on quality-of-life, resulted in ever-growing airport noise complaints, lawsuit, and central government's financial burden. S. Korea government adopted a restriction- and compensation-based airport noise management policy against the problems in mid 1990s. It, however, turns out to be ineffective in guiding incompatible land uses and facilities away from the airports' environs and to encourage compatible ones to locate around the airports. Base on the United State's and United Kingdom's airport noise management practices, therefore, this study suggests a new spatial planning approach that emphasizes the following: 1) diversification of current airport noise mitigation programs, 2) introduction of "sector"-based, spatial management system, and 3) central government's close cooperation with local governments and communities.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.16B no.5
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• pp.367-376
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• 2009

In this paper, we propose a flame detection method using Haar wavelet and moving averages in outdoor infrared video sequences. Our proposed method is composed of three steps which are Haar wavelet decomposition, flame candidates detection, and their tracking and flame classification. In Haar wavelet decomposition, each frame is decomposed into 4 sub- images(LL, LH, HL, HH), and also computed high frequency energy components using LH, HL, and HH. In flame candidates detection, we compute a binary image by thresholding in LL sub-image and apply morphology operations to the binary image to remove noises. After finding initial boundaries, final candidate regions are extracted using expanding initial boundary regions to their neighborhoods. In tracking and flame classification, features of region size and high frequency energy are calculated from candidate regions and tracked using queues, and we classify whether the tracked regions are flames by temporal changes of moving averages.