• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.27-41
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• 2011

This paper studies the relationship between L-fuzzy proximities and L-fuzzy topologies by topological fuzzy remote neigh-borhood systems. We will prove that the category of L-fuzzy topo- logical spaces can be embedded in the category of L-fuzzy quasi-proximity spaces as a core ective full subcategory.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.155-166
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• 1995

The aim of this paper was to investigate images of neighborhood parks and pergola facilities. 280 individuals responded to the 19 semantic differential pollar terms for all four parks. A 7-point semantic differential scale was used. Results from the data analysis suggest several important findings; 1. Mean scores were significantly different in most of S.D.scales according to park and pergola facilities types. As compared with park, S.D.scales values of pergola varied with its visual identity in the spatial composition of park. 2. Data from the factor analysis revealed that four dimensions appeared for all park and pergola types : "Evaluation ", "Potentiality", "Variety", and "Familiarity". 3. In terms of the "Familiarity" dimension, Omok park and its pergola were viewed a ssignificantly more familiar than any of the other three areas. 4. Parks were perceived more positive than pergolas images in the dimensions of "Evaluation ", "Variety", and "Familiarity". 5. Regression analysis showed that "Evaluation "and "Variety" dimensions were mainly related to visual preference.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.81-91
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• 2016

The study shows solutions of long-term unexecuted urban park and activation plans to facilitate the business promotion of Private Park Developers. This study conducted a feasibility analysis to determine if the business of a special case is applicable. The result of this study is as follows about three long-term unexecuted urban parks in Gwangju Metropolitan City's City Park. First, the three long-term unexecuted urban parks in Gwangju Metropolitan City's City Park are the forest type Neighborhood Parks. Businesses of a special case's park developing cost(average 0.4%) have a relatively low percentage. It is most affected by Land Compensation(average 33.8%) and building construction expenses(average 59.1%). Second, long-term unexecuted urban parks' Land Compensation and building construction expenses seed capital are excessive. The Bongsan Park balance floor space index is 179 percent; a reasonable profit floor space index is 220 percent. The Mareuk Park balance floor space index is 351 percent; a reasonable profit floor space index is 420 percent. The Jungoe Park balance floor space index is 327 percent; a reasonable profit floor space index is 400 percent. Third, to facilitate the business of special cases in deliberating, Bongsan Park should change its second class general residential area. Jungoe Park must change the quasi-residential area and semi-residential area. Mareuk Park must change the general commercial area. In this way, the feasibility of promoting private park projects will be improved.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.437-449
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• 2023

This study measured PM₁₀ concentrations and wind speeds in buffer green spaces and neighborhood parks located along the road, and compared them with roadside measurementresults to understand the effect of mitigating PM₁₀ concentrations by type of green space and the influence of wind speeds on it. As a result of the analysis, the effect of mitigating PM₁₀ concentration was different depending on the type of roadside green space, and an increase in wind speed had a significant effect on reducing PM₁₀ concentration. In buffer green areas with high planting density, wind speed was low and PM₁₀ stagnated inside, resulting in the highest concentration. On the other hand, green areas in neighborhood parks with relatively low planting density had high wind speeds and the lowest PM₁₀ concentration. The non-green area within the neighborhood park recorded the highest wind speed, which was advantageous for the spread of PM₁₀, but the concentration was higherthan that of the green area. Therefore, in orderto reduce PM₁₀ concentration in roadside green space, it is necessary to create green space with good ventilation, and the combined effect of green space and wind speed seems to be more advantageous in reducing PM₁₀ concentration. Green spaces capture and remove PM inside, contributing to reducing the concentration of PM outside. In order to manage PM in the entire city and on roads, it is necessary to increase planting density and leaf area in roadside green spaces, such as buffer green spaces, so that PM can be removed within the green spaces. However, in green spaces such as neighborhood parks that are actively used by city residents, in orderto minimize damage to users due to PM, it is desirable to create green spaces with a structure that allows PM to spread to the outside rather than stagnate inside.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.54-63
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• 2010

The recently-introduced Special Use Permit system is an exceptional approval system for private park developers to develop unexecuted urban park sites into urban parks with the implementation of profit-generating businesses within the boundary of preserving the original function of the park under an agreement with local authorities. This thesis studies the application of this system. This is a feasibility study of cases that have contributed to the acceptance of intended park sites by developing some parts of park sites as public housing, focused on unexecuted urban park areas for the long term in Suwon City based on the Special Use Permit, and creating other sites as park area. First, it has been judged that realization of business is possible at 300 percents of the floor area ratio in case of flatland neighborhood park which has high appraised land values. It is judged that realization of business is possible within a 10 percents size of private land at 200 percents of the floor area ratio in case of woodland and waterside neighborhood parks that have low appraised land values on the outskirts of the city. Second, through working expenses combining compensation and money for park construction, a balance of business profit can be understood within about 50 percents of total expenditures. Because the public contribution ratio by the Special Use Permit can be presumed as about 50 percents of total expenditures, it implies that windfall profits by the Special Use Permit can be adequately collected.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.17-29
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• 1994

This study attempts to examine the regional distribution and the locational pattern of leisure facilities at Kangnam-gu in Seoul. For the convenience of the analysis the facilities are classified into public and private sector and then the facilities are classified into 11 types: mineral spring resort, play ground, neighborhood park, swimming pool, gymnasium, bowling, pingpong, aerobic, golf practice, health, and billiard facilities. For the purpose data was collected from statistical yearbook in 1993 and lists of registered facility at department of living physics of Kangnam-gu office. The data of the density of facilities and the opportunity of facilities per facilities type and per region are analysed with the technology of GIS. Results may be summarized as follows. First of all, correlation between the results of Location-Allocation model and the results of Interaction model is very high. Secondly, on comparing the density of facilities with the opportunity of the facility use per eleven facility types, three discrete spatial pattems are found. The mineral spring resort facility type with the highest unbalanced density and opportunity of facility use is to be found. Play ground, neighborhood park, swimming pool, gymnasium, bowling, pingpong, and aerobic facility types have the high unbalanced density and opportunity of facility use. The golf practice, health, and billiard facility types have spatially balanced density and opportunity of facility use. Thirdly, as comparing the density and the opportunity of the facility use per 'dong' administration unit, the spatial patterns of the public and the private facilities are different in density of the facility use and otherwise two are similar in the opportunity of the facility use. Fourthly, patterns of facilities users have different charateristics based on facility use time, expense, residence, and access time and four regional patterns are to be found ; user favorable, facility profitable, user balanced, and unfavorable.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2019

The objective of this study was to derive the served distance of the senior-friendly park considering physical changes, which were estimated through a comparison experiment at an actual target site. The time to walk 500m was examined because 500m is considered the served distance of a neighborhood park and as a standard set by the city. The mean walking time of the control group (younger than 65 years) was 536 seconds, while that of the treatment group (older than 65 years) was 889 seconds, which was approximately 1.7 times longer than the control group. The results of this study also showed that the walking time of females was longer than that of males when they were older than 65 years old. The walking velocities of the control group and the treatment groups were also calculated using the mean walking time. The weight estimated by a proportional formula was 0.6. When it was applied to 500m, which is the served distance of a neighborhood park, the served distance of the senior-friendly park was estimated as 300m. Lastly, the green service excluded area was quantified by applying the 300m, the served distance of a senior-friendly park, to the Jung-gu, Daegu, which had the highest elderly population in the Daegu Metropolitan City. The results of this calculation showed that the area served by a city park was $2,425,747m^2$ and the area excluded from the city park service was $4,627,700m^2$ for senior citizens. The results also showed that, in terms of the distributive equity, the administrative districts received unequal am ounts of urban green area services.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.68-80
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• 2016

This study analyzed the influence of the perception of physical environment on user satisfaction and park use when people use the park to improve their health. The study is focused on neighborhood parks in Suseong-gu, Daegu city. Statistical analyses were employed to data collected from 143 visitors on site. First of all, in the perception evaluation of the physical environment of the park, accessibility and pedestrian environment are the highest at 4.04, while water space and attractions in the park as the lowest parts are at 2.32 and 2.66. After conduct factor analysis to type 22 physical environmental awareness components, five main factors--Comfort, Availability, Amenity, Facilities convenience and Visuality--were classified. Then, satisfaction and influence on park use were analyzed. As a result, the factors affecting user satisfaction were comfort, availability, amenity and facility convenience. Among them, the category of amenity was the most influential factor at 0.315. The factors affecting the park use were availability and amenity. Availability factor had a higher influence at 0.396 than amenity at 0.293. Therefore, in order to improve satisfaction and park use for health improvement, it is necessary to secure sufficient green areas and create a pleasant environment. Also, it is necessary to improve the quality of walkability from homes to parks, trail improvement and other improvements.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.111-122
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• 2007

This study aims at providing basic policy materials to build a basis for supplying and creating urban parks balanced across Gyeonggi province and improving the quality of life of residents through, an extensive analysis of all city parks in cities/counties in Gyeonggi province. The study result showed that first, the number of parks is only 40% of the adequate number and, thus, accessibility of Gyeonggi province residents to parks in neighborhoods is significantly low. Second, a proportion of park types in children's park, neighborhood park, urban nature park is 67% : 24% : 2%, which is adequate in Gyeonggi province as a whole. Third, as for the area of parks per resident, the area of designated park is $17.7m^2$/person, which is over three times of legal requirement in urban planning area ($6m^2$/person). However, created park area is only $5.6m^2$/person, which fails to meet the legal requirement. Fourth, when park area of each city was compared, the areas varied significantly across cities. The Gyeonggi provincial government needs to secure funds aggressively and accelerate setting up and expanding facilities at designated parks located within the current urban areas. The findings from this study should be used as important materials when developing supply & demand policies for urban parks in Gyeonggi province. The study implicates that independent park policies and management by each city/county as well as the establishment and management of a comprehensive park policy at a provincial level is significantly important.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2016

In this study, six historical parks in Seoul is analyzed. Based on the analysis, the representative values of the historical parks in Seoul draw three criteria such as historicity, educational attributes, and sociality, and also the type of historic and cultural resources, spatial functions and arrangements, circulation and accessibility, and the type and usage of introduced facilities. Consequently the current status and improvement plan is suggested as follows. First, cultural assets oriented historical parks such as Sayuksin Bongeun and Seonnongdan historical Park focus on the management based on the preservation of historic and cultural resources. Non designated cultural heritages oriented historic parks such as Shingye Yanghwajin Itaewon-bugundang historic park should focus on the usages the symbolize and commemorate historic and cultural resources. Second, Careful attitudes on the historicity of the park are needed in the mixed type of historic and cultural resources that determine the identity such as Yanghwajin Itaewon-bugundang historic park. Third, the rate of facilities in Bongeun and Shingye historical park is increased due to the renovation of religion facilities, rather than the neighborhood parks. The autonomy of regulations that does not have the limits of the area of park facilities weaken the publicity of the historical parks. Fourth, Shingye historical park suggest changing its name into Danggogae martyrs' shrine historical park. because its historic and cultural resources are included as the historic park is named. Fifth, the current problems such as numerous uncontrolled entrances, mixed uses in circulation, and accessible failure due to the closure are recognized. Therefore, the entrances and circulations should be articulated clearly in order to increase opportunities of experience for visitors in the historic and cultural resources, and also neighborhood facility should be suitably divided. Sixth, the park facilities in the neighborhood parks are introduced equally in Seoul historical parks. The uses and arrangements that considered the circumstance of the historical parks should be determined in the cultural facilities such as outdoor music hall and sporting facilities. Seventh, historic facilities that named historic hall, culture hall, memorial hall, and promotion hall in the historic parks are utilized for convenience and religion facilities. Institutional framework should be examined to keep publicity in the historic parks by spatial privatization of the specific group.