• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.275-290
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• 1999

The Objectives of this study were to identify family nursing phenomena at the community in Korea and to contribute to build up family domain of International Classification for Nursing Practice. The method of this study was used retrospective one among three methods to develop ICNP during the period from April 1997 to June 1999. The procedure was to choose nursing phenomena using preliminary terms(stepl) from the reports on family nursing care of the nursing students of 5 junior colleges of nursing and 5 colleges of nursing. The study group members identified 3 common family nursing phenomena with 5 characteristics related to each phenomenon. In order to consensus the appropriate characteristics of a phenomenon(step2), 17 study group members had regrouped nursing phenomena and scored its characteristics 5 times. The essential characteristics of each family phenomenon were selected above 3.5 mean score from related characteristics(step 3). Finally, 17 phenomena were named preferred terms such as following, that was selected after investigated preliminary terms(step4). Family nursing phenomena in Korea are named as Lack of family interaction in community. Social isolation. Lack of social support system in community. Disturbance in parent role, Disturbance in marital role, Dissatisfaction of sexual life, Disturbance in family communication, Inappropriate family coping, Lack of family intimacy, Inappropriate family power structure, Family violence. Unhealthy life style. Deficit of financial management skill and support. Inadequate care a sick member. Insecure safety and hygiene in neighborhood, Inadequate home-sanitation. Inadequate home-making. Family nursing phenomena in Korea were partially confirmed family architecture of ICNP, Beta version. by this study. Further study on Family nursing phenomena in Korea will be required to support evidence through literature review of nursing classifications or field studies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.36-45
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• 2018

Cemeteries in the United States are frequently observed near residential areas in cities even though they are spaces for the dead. However, it has not been fully studied when and how cemeteries were formed in the process of urbanization. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the spatial structure and historical change of cemeteries in Seattle due to urbanization, focusing on the contextual relationship between cemeteries and the surroundings according to two time periods: the early formation period of cemeteries in Seattle and the current period. For this, a mixed method was taken in this paper that combined historical analysis based on old references and historic maps with cluster analysis using GIS. In conclusion, the research found that early cemeteries of Seattle in downtown areas were introduced as by-products of urban formation, but the cemeteries in the suburbs were established ahead of urban growth and neighborhood development. In addition, Seattle's cemeteries not only showed a similar locational pattern to Seattle's shopping centers, but also were positively associated with population distribution given the Hot Spot Analysis. In other words, Seattle's cemeteries were originally located in rural areas, but later came to be located in urban areas, sustaining the landscape of American rural cemeteries.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.154-160
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• 2001

Purpose : This study, as the first year project of setting up a community based management system, was attempted for the cancer patients and their family to improve their quality of life; investigating and managing the cancer patients, educating volunteers and connecting the patients with the volunteers were performed. Method and result : The education of managing cancer patients for the volunteers was done once in lune for 2 days to the 80 volunteers. Questions about education effect, volunteer motivation and so on were made up. The survey showed, generally, education satisfaction level was high and a longer education and an intensive course were needed and was suggested that organizing a volunteer community be needed for the continuous further education and systematic management. As the result, after the public health center and volunteers deliberated, a volunteer community consisting of 4 teams, 28 members was organized, launched in Oct. and operated for the cancer patients and their family. For investigating and enrolling the patients, advertising on a local information paper, recommending of local doctors, publicizing by educating the heads of a subdivision of the city, the heads of a neighborhood association and the people in charge of the related local communities such as women's society, and surveying the community by volunteers were performed and the total, 41 patients were registered. Management of cancer patients was carried out by volunteers in a community and in a nursing school. A regional volunteers' community is composed of 23 members and they have worked 87 times, that is 3.8 times per capita on an average. The content of duties is attending the education (41.1%) the most. A volunteers' community of nursing students composed of 12 members have worked 135 times, that is 11.3 times per capita on an average. The content of duties - consulting with patients and home visiting (37.8 %) were the most and survey for investigating the cancer patients was the second. Conclusion : This study has the meaning that this is the guiding attempt in building a community based management system, and especially the achievement of this study is that a regional society organized a volunteer community for the cancer patients by itself and went into action for the cancer patients and their family. Furthermore, to activate this volunteering, it is necessary to keep managing volunteers and running continuing education or the intensive course of the volunteers. Indeed we should let the patients have good impression on this program through publicity and education for the residents to keep track of more cancer patients. For that, systematic and powerful cooperation of a self-administrative organization is required.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.12 no.11
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• pp.55-65
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• 2014

Purpose - This study aims to investigate the process of political changes in Japan, which has introduced regulatory policies for large-scale retail stores since the 1930s, as well as the examples, and suggests improvement schemes for our policies in Korea, which imposes restrictions on business hours and forced holidays in accordance with the current Distribution Industry Development Act. Research design, data, and methodology - After examining the political change processes related to large-scale retail stores in japan, this study analyzes individually regulated cases based on the ordinances enacted by each local government. Through case analysis in Japan, this study makes political suggestions that may be helpful for our country substantially. Results - Since there is an obvious possibility that our economic restrictions on business hours and mandatory holidays do not coincide with WTO GATS, it is necessary for large-scale distributors to introduce new social and environmental regulations similar to Japan, rather than imposing controls to restrict free competition and also introduce a policy to induce cooperation with small businesses for the advancement of the distribution industry. Thus, it is desirable to take measures on noise, waste, traffic, and parking for the preservation of the living environment in the surroundings when building new large-scale retail stores. It is also important to establish measures to improve the welfare of neighborhood residents and consumers, create a pleasant urban environment, and make it mandatory to make presentations at public hearings among residents. Furthermore, it should be mandatory to establish regional contribution plans when a retail store is established, and take measures to solve various civil complaints or problems that may occur after entering the market. Moreover, it is desirable for large-scale retail stores that entered the market to induce cooperation in performing various activities in the area with a strong sense that they are all members of the local economy. Conclusions - If introducing social regulations like in Japan, there is probably an advantage that the conflicts seen when large-scale retail stores enter the market are absorbed by adjusting the persons concerned within the established institution in order to establish a field to solve such conflicts systematically. In contrast, there are still concerns regarding chaotic operation without any active attempts to have a conversation with large-scale retail stores and local small merchants due to a sharp conflict among the persons concerned, and if it is a briefing session without any decision of the restrictions on their opening itself, there may be doubts with regard to their effectiveness. Moreover, if the de facto opening is restricted by the introduction of such a briefing session procedure, the choice of whether to protect the existing rights of large-scale retail stores might become problematic. However, such problems could be minimized in a way by forming a separate consultative group for all persons concerned including residents, local governments, professionals, civic organizations, small merchants, and massive retail store-related persons.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.232-241
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• 2016

Among city parks, children's parks are more accessible than other parks in the city, and there are many users. They are used not only for children's playgrounds, but also for relaxation and leisure spaces for local residents. On the other hand, as a result of focusing on the quantitative increase by the engineering division by the Urban park Act, the consideration of the users of various classes is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to analyze the actual use of children parks in single - family housing and communal housing areas, and to identify the problems and future directions of the use of children parks. For this purpose, a case study and a document survey were conducted. First, through scholarship research, the theoretical review and the present situation were summarized based on the data, such as the papers and research reports related to the existing children's park. The status of the location, facilities and management were then identified through interviews and site visits with the children's park management staff. As a result, the children's park was utilized as a leisure space with high accessibility in the living area. As a result, the residence time of most users was within 1 hour to 2 hours. In particular, use by elderly people was higher than the use by children. Therefore, it would be desirable to design the future planning of the children's parks and to plan the arrangement in accordance with the future - oriented multi - purpose neighborhood type children's park.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.37-43
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• 2009

With the economic development of Korea, sewage treatment facilities and waste food treatment facilities have been steadily increased. These facilities have positive effects such as the conservation of the water resources quality and waste food recycling while they also affect the neighborhood life with severe odor problems. Therefore, it was first collected sludge samples from 5 sewage treatment facilities and 5 waste food treatment facilities where the amounts of waste produced from above sites are relatively immense in Busan and estimate the $H_2S$ emission rates. Then it was selected 1 sample which has the highest emission rate of $H_2S$. Using flux chamber and GC/FPD analyses, it was tried to quantify the emitted amount of sulfonic gas concentration under anoxic condition. The sludge sample obtained from Noksan sewage treatment facility has the highest emission rate of $H_2S$. This sample contained 156.18 mg/kg $H_2S$. The odor compounds were analyzed using GC/FPD and the concentrations were converted to odor quotient. Among odor compounds the ratio of $CH_3SH$ (methylmercaptan) for the total odor quotient was 47.3% and considered to be the main odor compound in the sample.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.133-145
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• 1999

The purposesof the study are to analyze the community nursing center in U.S.A and to develop the model of nursing care system based on nurse-midwifery clinic in community for women's health in Korea. 1. In America nursing center is defined as nurse-anchored system of primary care delivery or neighborhood health center. Nursing centers are identified the following four types: (1) community outreach centers, which are similar to traditional public health clinics: (2) institutional-based centers following the mission of a large institution, such as a hospital or university: (3) wellness/health promotion centers, which offer screening, education, counseling, triage, and health maintenance services: and (4) independent practice. Nursing centers are a concept of services provided by nurses in practice arrangements in a community. Nursing centers offer a variety of services, ranging from primary care provided by advanced practice nurses with medical acute management and nursing care to the more traditional education, health promotion, screening wellness and coordination services. Some services, such as the care provided by advanced practice nurses are reimbursed under various insurance plan in some instances and states, where as others, such as preventive and educational services, are not. Thus, lack of reimbursement has threatened the survival of some centers. Licensing of nursing centers varies by state and program and accreditation of nursing centers is also limited. 52% of centers are affiliated with another facility and 48% are freestanding centers. The number of registered nurse at the nursing centers ranges from just one to 115, with a mean of eight RNs peragency and a median of three. Nursing centers avail ability varies: 14% are open 24 hours, 27% have variable short hours, 23% are open 6-7 days per week, and 36% are open Monday- Friday. As the result of my visiting three health centers in Seattle and San Francisco, the women's primary care nurse practitioners focus on a systematic and comprehensive assessment of the health status of women and diagnosis and management of common physical and psychosocial health concerns of women in ambulatory settings. Therapeutic nursing strategies are directed toward self-care, risk reoduction, health surveillance, stress reduction, healthy nutrition, social support, healthy coping, psychological well-being, and pharmacological therapy. They function as primary care providers for the well ness and illness care of women from adolescence through the older adult years and pregnant families. 2. In Korea a nurse-midwife practices independently for pregnant women's health including childbearing family at her own clinic in community. Her services are reimbursed under national health insurance but they are not paid on a fee-for-service schedule covering items. Analyzing the nursing centers in America, I suggest that nurse-midwifery clinics offer primary care for women and home care for chronic ill patients. The health law and health insurance policy should be reovised in order to expand nurse-midwife's and home care nurse's roles at nurse-midwifery clinic.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2010

Recently, many countries are promoting the rapid development of marine for securing territorial sea. The importance of territorial sea has being emphasized as territorial disputes among countries has been increasing. The South Korea should be encouraged to expand the territory due to territorial disputes with neighborhood countries. The purpose of this study is to derive a improvement plan for the efficient control of the territorial base point through analyzing the existing territorial base point and checking the territorial base point. Therefore, we proposed a variety of new plans for accurate positioning by sea level observation and MBES, reduced the surveying procedure through analyzing the existing territorial base points and provided a basis for the territorial base points which can be the 2nd grade national control points by improving a grade. We also suggested that the territorial base points and sub-territorial base points' database should be given standardized number for increasing the efficient management of other national control points and territorial base points. Finally, we suggested a improved work regulation about analysis and maintenance for territorial base points, the information activity of territorial base points and the new plan of community relations. This study will be a basis for the foundation of maritime territory which could be superior to other countries and the expansion of maritime territory.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.25-36
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• 2016

The goal of the SmartGrid is to maximize energy efficiency by exchanging bi-directional real-time power information with the help of ICT(Information and Communication Technology). In this paper, we propose a "JRS-MS" (Joint Routing and Scheduling for Multi-channel SmartGrid) algorithm that uses numerical modeling methods in IEEE 802.11s based STDMA multi-channel SmartGrid NAN networks. The proposed algorithm controls the amount of data transmission adaptively at the link layer and finds a high data-rate path which has the least interference between traffic flows in multi-channel SmartGrid NAN networks. The proposed algorithm improve transmission performance by enhancing network utilization. By comparing the results of performance analysis between the proposed algorithm and the JRS-SG algorithm in the previous paper, we showed that the JRS-MS algorithm can improve transmission performance by maximally utilizing given network resources when the number of flows are increasing in the multi-hop NAN wireless mesh networks.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.121-135
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• 1999

This study investigated the location conditions, spatial linkage structures, and firm specific problems of small firms of the Greater Cincinnati metropolitan area by sectors and by areal distribution. The major locational advantages were closeness to customers and suppliers followed by accessibility to inter-state highways. These results were supported by spatial linkage structures in which within-region linkages occupied a greater portions of linkage, showing the importance of small firms in the regional economy. The linkage patterns showed distance decay effect with high elasticity. While there were no significant differences of locational conditions and spatial linkage structures of small firms between core and peripheral area, a slight difference was identified among sectors. Chemical related manufacturing firms show different locational conditions and spatial linkage structure with weak within-local linkages. The main locational disadvantages were lack of qualified labor, undesirable neighborhood, heavy tax, and space shortage. Considering the biggest problems such as lack of qualified labor, difficulties in sales/marketing, low accessibility to financial resource, and technological inability, the inter-related cooperative business networks among firms and regional institutions, consulting companies, chamber of commerce, and universities are needed to stimulate regional economic development and survival of small firms.