• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.75-83
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose a multi-channel medium access control (MAC) protocol, named underwater multi-channel MAC protocol (UMMAC), for underwater acoustic networks (UANs). UMMAC is a split phase and reservation based multi-channel MAC protocol which enables hosts to utilize multiple channels via a channel allocation and power control algorithm (CAPC). In UMMAC, channel information of neighboring nodes is gathered via exchange of control packets. With such information, UMMAC allows for as many parallel transmissions as possible while avoiding using extra time slot for channel negotiation. By running CAPC algorithm, which aims at maximizing the network's capacity, users can allocate their transmission power and channels in a distributed way. The advantages of the proposed protocol are threefold: 1) Only one transceiver is needed for each node; 2) based on CAPC, hosts are coordinated to negotiate the channels and control power in a distributed way; 3) comparing with existing RTS/CTS MAC protocols, UMMAC do not introduce new overhead for channel negotiation. Simulation results show that UMMAC outperforms Slotted floor acquisition multiple access (FAMA) and multi-channel MAC (MMAC) in terms of network goodput (50% and 17% respectively in a certain scenario). Furthermore, UMMAC can lower the end-to-end delay and achieves a lower energy consumption compared to Slotted FAMA and MMAC.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

The development of IT and explosively growing number of Internet users are rapidly spreading and developing e-commerce, while creating diverse on-line transaction methods such as a negotiation, a reverse auction, and a bid. Among these transaction methods, the transactions by means of a negotiation are being made for goods that have no posted price. In particular, the transactions by means of a negotiation are expected to be widely used in the B2B. In order to determine their transportation costs, shippers usually make negotiations with many transporters and logistics companies. And before long, these negotiations are expected to be made on an on-line automated negotiation system. Because of this, this study has tried to develop an automated negotiation methodology that is absolutely necessary for an on-line automated negotiation. This study has estimated and selected the evaluation functions for multi-lateral negotiators' proposals, thus developing an automated negotiation methodology. As a result of this study, a new direction for an automated negotiation has been suggested. Also we expect that this study will be widely used in the automated negotiation of diverse fields.

• 한국항만학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.289-302
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• 1999

As the size and complexity of network increase Distributed System Management (DSM) will be significant issue within information network in order to increase the high reliability and to improve the flexibility of network management. The OSI management model has several problems. The key problems are that it does not fully address the problem of how to develop communication protocol in support of DSM and how to classify the management connection criteria. In this paper to solve first problem described above this paper propose the connectionless CMIP to accomplish for effectively managing the distributed management managing systems to handle the dynamic informations. To work out second problem we introduce the connection criteria in the hierarchy of management system and finally evaluate the efficiency of a suggested protocol during cooperative negotiation among the managing system.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.79-97
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• 2005

With the proliferation of EC, many customers have been participating into online auction or group-buying market over searching internet shopping-malls to purchase goods. To support the customer's convenient transaction, lots of agent systems are developed to facilitate the customer's product brokering, merchant brokering, and negotiation of transaction. However, many of these systems have focused upon supporting transaction at only one type of marketplace. Since these marketplaces have different transaction settlement mechanism, it is necessary to develop the system that utilizes the customer's transaction including the selection of the type of marketplace to buy. Then we classify the kinds of B2C electronic marketplace according to the protocol by which the market operated. The structure of negotiation message is developed using XML schema and RDFS under the characteristics and message example of each marketplace in this research.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.3-19
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• 2011

생물다양성협약이 발효되면서 유전자원의 물질적 거래 즉, '유전자원에 대한 접근과 이의 이용으로 발생한 이익의 공평한 공유(ABS)'의 구체적인 기준을 정립하기 위한 나고야 의정서가 채택되었다. 이 의정서는 선진국과 개도국 간, 생물자원 부국과 빈국 간, 생물자원을 이용하는 다국적 기업과 전통지식을 보전하려는 환경보전단체 간 갈등 과정 끝에 채택된 것이다. 이 사례를 바탕으로 갈등 과정, 갈등 주체와 쟁점을 분석하였고, 선행연구 고찰을 통해 주요 갈등 요인을 규명하여 갈등 관리 프로세스에 적용하였다. 이를 통해 소수의 개별 사례에 한정된 갈등 사례가 아닌 다양한 형태의 갈등 사례에 대해 갈등 예방 및 해결을 위한 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 일반 갈등 사례와 ABS협상 사례의 교집합적인 갈등 요인을 분석하기 위해 선행연구를 검토하여 본질적 측면, 자원 배분 측면, 의사소통 정보공유 측면으로 구분하였다. ABS협상 타결 과정에서 갈등이 예방 및 해결된 사례에 따라 이해당사자들 간 상호 신뢰 구축, 협상 중재자 양성을 위한 정책적 관심 제고, 갈등 관리를 위한 법적 정책적 체계 구축이 주요 시사점으로 제시되었다.

• 한국정보기술응용학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보기술응용학회 2005년도 6th 2005 International Conference on Computers, Communications and System
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• pp.199-201
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• 2005

USB has arguably become the most successful PC peripheral interconnect ever defined. As appearing UWB, wireless USB (WUSB) emerges very popular technology. However, the distributed Medium Access Control (MAC) does not harmonize with the topology of WUSB. In this paper, we address a novel MAC protocol for conformity with WUSB. The protocol is to handle negotiation on Distributed Reservation Protocol (DRP) including the channel time slot of WUSB.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 4th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management Organized by the University of New South Wales
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• pp.340-349
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• 2011

During the negotiation and resolution of delay and disruption disputes on construction projects, the use and misappropriation of float, and the question of float ownership, are considered to be a major concern to those involved. Most practitioners and authors are of the opinion that it is an issue that should be clearly defined and addressed within the provisions of the contract. However, the terms "float" or "ownership of float" are rarely mentioned (if at all) in most of the standard forms of Australian construction contracts, giving little guidance to those involved as to how this issue should be addressed. In October 2002 the United Kingdoms Society of Construction Law (SCL) published a Delay and Disruption Protocol (the Protocol) that contains a suggested approach to the issue. The aim of this research was to obtain an Australian opinion of the suitability of the SCL's Delay and Disruption Protocols suggested approach to the issue of float and ownership of float for use by the Australian construction industry. Qualitative interviews were carried out with Australian construction industry experts experienced in the administration, negotiation, and resolution of delay and disruption disputes to obtain their opinions of the suitability of the SCL's proposed approach. Results indicate general confusion and uncertainty as to how the issue of float and float ownership should be addressed in general, with the SCL's approach adding further to that confusion.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제14권10호
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• pp.1303-1310
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• 2011

본 논문은 인프라 클라우딩 환경에서 데이터를 소유한 소유자 노드와 데이터를 보관하는 보관 노드 그리고 데이터를 검증하는 검증 노드로 구성된 자가 조직 저장 매체 보안을 위한 3자간 협상 프로토콜을 설계를 제안한다. 제안한 자가 조직 저장 매체의 보안기법은 보관 노드의 데이터 검증을 검증 노드에게 위임함으로써 데이터 검증의 효율성을 증가시키고, EC-DH 알고리즘을 이용하여 생성된 암호키와 저장 매체 내의 인증서로 보안을 강화시켰다. 또한, 자가 조직 저장 매체를 구성할 때, 3자간 인증키를 설정하여 외부적인 플러딩 공격 방지하고, 검증노드의 개수를 제한함으로써 내부적인 플러딩 공격을 방지하였다. 그리고 검증단계에서 발생할 수 있는 재전송 공격은 검증을 요청할 때마다 새롭게 생성된 Seed 값을 이용하여 자동적으로 재전송 공격을 탐지하도록 하였다.

• 한국정보처리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보처리학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.917-920
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• 2008

The Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol is most widely used as a security key exchange protocol on the Internet. Security policies used by the IKE protocol must be configured in advance, however the complex options and manual settings cause inconvenience. This paper proposes an automatic configuration method for the IKE protocol based on X.509 certificate. Security policies are embedded in the certificate, read, and added into the IKE configuration file by a negotiation assistant module in order to achieve automatic IKE configuration. Our proposed method reduces the complexity of configuration process and improves the adaptability of the IKE protocol.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.478-484
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• 2008

이동 노드가 이동했을 경우 MIPv6에서는 새로운 연결을 위한 인증과정이 진행된다. 잦은 바인딩 갱신작업과 인증과정은 많은 트래픽을 초래하므로 서비스를 지연시킨다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 PMIPv6에서는 이동 노드의 부담을 덜고자 네트웍 기반의 이동성 프로토콜을 지원한다. 그러나 도메인간 혹은 도메인내에서 옮겨질 경우 새로운 주소를 생성해야 함으로 MIPv6의 문제점을 그대로 내포하게 된다. IPSec에서도 외부망으로 이동시 신규협상이 이루어져야 한다. 이는 이동노드에 부담을 발생시킨다. 본 논문에서는 주소 변화 및 보안 재협상으로 인한 끊김 현상과 지연을 해결하기 위해 MBB(Make Before Break) 시스템을 제안한다. 이동 노드가 CoA주소를 받을 경우 IPsec 협약이 진행된다. 기존 협약내용에 사용된 식별자를 제안한 BID 메시지를 통해 CN(Correspondent Node)에게 전송하여 신원을 확인시킨다. 그 후 협약을 간소화하여 협상하므로 연결 끊김을 방지할 수 있고, IPSec 협약단계에서 이동 노드의 부담을 덜고, 두개의 주소로 동시에 통신함으로 패킷 손실의 확률을 줄일 수 있다.