• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.118-118
• /
• 1999

In this paper, we propose an agent negotiation algorithm of an intelligent agent system for an active and adaptive multimedia data services in the distributed environment. We describe theEARTS-II system that performs automatic job seeking and job offering operations using intelligentagents without user's intervention. EARTS-II offers best candidate lists as the results to usersthrough negotiation among agents considering conditions given by the users. And according to theresults, the EARTS-II supports real processes of employment, The negotiation algorithm tries tosatisfy all agents in the job market. To test the performance of the algorithm, simulation results arepresented.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.119-139
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this paper was to examine various aspects of meaning negotiation process in online chatting. Korean college students were asked to engage in chatting on the Internet over the course of a semester-long period, and chatting transcripts were analyzed in terms of sources of communication breakdown, signals to indicate communication breakdown, strategies to overcome communication breakdown, and ways of closing meaning negotiation. According to the findings of the study, lack of background knowledge and incoherent string of sentences in text were two major barriers creating communication problems. Subjects were able to use signals to indicate their communication difficulties, and overcome them by using different strategies. In doing so, however, they were found to suffer a narrow range of signals and strategies, which showed their limited communicative ability in the management of interaction, and indicated a clear, strong need for an extension of discourse and strategic competences of Korean students for more effective and smoother transition of message in everyday interaction.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.211-227
• /
• 2003

According to the TRQ system created by WTO agreement on agriculture, Korea notified the WTO of the application of tariff rate quotas for 67 agricultural commodities(now, 63 commodities). Among these government administrate state-operated trade for 17 commodities. However, WTO/DDA negotiation will bring about lowering tariffs and increasing quantities of tariff quota. This study suggest the development programs corresponding WTO/DDA agriculture negotiation. First, from the viewpoint of the protection of domestic agriculture & improving transparency of agricultural import administration, the administration system of the state-operated trade will be necessary to be transformed for market oriented methods. Second, the administration system of the state-operated trade will be necessary to be rendered unified organization also. The current system of the state-operated trade shows the phenomena og many divergency. And third, The quantities of market access of FTA between Korea and Chile will be desirable to be administrate by state-operated trade. Because, according to diffusion of FTA treaties, the amount of market access quantities of FTA increase rapidly henceforth.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2004.05a
• /
• pp.68-70
• /
• 2004

In this paper we develop an adaptive interface between video compression and transission protocols to handle QoS fluctuations that are common to mobile communication systems. We consider various generic design alternatives for QoS adaptation and identify 'QoS negotiation' as the most promissing. This method gives the best possibilities to obtain system-wide efficiency. To handle the indued system complexity we apply a design philosophy (called ARC) that separates implementation dependencies by introducing QoS interfaces between system modules. In the ARC phlosophy the implementation details are hidden in the subsystems. To assure efficient adaptation, the QoS must be negotiated between modules. We select the QoS parameters that are both necessary and sufficient for efficient negotiation between the video encoder and protocol modules. We describe the relation between the QoS parameters at the interface and the internal parameters of common video coding methods and protocol elements. Furthermore, we describe a negotiation procedure that allows a system-wide optimum to emerge.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.79-97
• /
• 2005

With the proliferation of EC, many customers have been participating into online auction or group-buying market over searching internet shopping-malls to purchase goods. To support the customer's convenient transaction, lots of agent systems are developed to facilitate the customer's product brokering, merchant brokering, and negotiation of transaction. However, many of these systems have focused upon supporting transaction at only one type of marketplace. Since these marketplaces have different transaction settlement mechanism, it is necessary to develop the system that utilizes the customer's transaction including the selection of the type of marketplace to buy. Then we classify the kinds of B2C electronic marketplace according to the protocol by which the market operated. The structure of negotiation message is developed using XML schema and RDFS under the characteristics and message example of each marketplace in this research.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.343-355
• /
• 2018

A new climate regime was intensively negotiated from 2011 to 2015, culminating in adoption of the Paris Agreement. The Agreement went into effect on 4th of November 2016. Follow-up negotiation to implement the Paris Agreement has continued since May 2016 and is expected to be finalized by 2018. This paper reviews and analyzes the process of establishment of the new climate regime based on the Paris Agreement, focusing on the main issues and the negotiating positions of major groups of developed and developing countries. This paper details various important issues determining the final outcome of the Paris Agreement and discusses the follow-up negotiation in the years 2016 and 2017. It concludes with discussion of the various implications of the Paris Agreement, which will determine important aspects of our future socioeconomic life well into the 21st century.

• Management & Information Systems Review
• /
• v.33 no.2
• /
• pp.205-223
• /
• 2014

A study of the impact of constraint factors of festival participation and negotiation efforts of festival participant on festival satisfaction. This study reviewed earlier studies about festival and verified an impact of the leisure constraint factors of festival participant and the negotiation efforts on festival satisfaction by considering previous literature. Hypotheses based on literature reviews were analyzed emprically. According to the result of study, in aspect of the relationship between constraint factors of festival participation(intrapersonal constraint, interpersonal constraint, structural constraint) and negotiation efforts of festival participation, both interpersonal constraint and structural constraint have positive influence on constraint negotiation efforts. However, intrapersonal constraint factor influenced negatively. Also, the results revealed that in aspect of the relationship among festival participation, festival experience recognition, and satisfaction, festival participation have positive influence on cognitive and emotional experience and finally satisfaction.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.65 no.4
• /
• pp.91-114
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to draw social constructive implications for the child protect system(CPS) in Korea. As the value of social constructivism for child protect system, the participation and the negotiation were identified through theoretical research. And this paper examined how the participation and the negotiation were done in other government's child protect policies. In addition, the focus group members were interviewed. 11 child protect practitioners and researchers were interviewed about the problems of child protect system, law and policies, and they discussed how the participation and the negotiation were done in Korean child protect system. The result of the discussion were as follows. The democratic relationship must be reconstructed through the participation and negotiation in CPS, Korea lacks of legal basis to force the abusers to participation. And in our country, negotiation parties for children cannot be recognized. Finally, the amendment of the law and regulations concerned with the child protect system were proposed based on the FGI's discussions.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.105-122
• /
• 2004

The advance of information technology has changed the business environment, and the business process between the trading partners has been evolved with these changes. However, the business process between trading partners requires human interface for interchanging information or making a decision even though they collaborate each other or are coupled tightly, and this interrupts seamless business processes between them. To overcome this limitations, a new concept of self-integration has been emerged. The self-integration means a true integration among enterprise applications without human interface, and it might be the future direction of integrations. In this study, we introduced the concept of self-integration environment and business process model for supply chain planning. And, we analyzed the negotiation processes and classified the negotiation patterns for integrated supply chain planning in self-integration environment, and then we proposed a generic business process model for negotiation of extended and integrated supply chain planning by integrating the suggested negotiation pattern with business scenarios.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
• /
• v.76
• /
• pp.77-101
• /
• 2017

This article provides the definitions of the negotiation of credit, the negotiating bank and the negotiation credit. It further describes a number of legal status of negotiating banks by looking into the legal relations firstly between the beneficiary and the negotiating bank and secondly between the issuing bank and the negotiating bank. This study is in large part based on relevant provisions of UCP 600 and decisions of the Supreme court of South Korea. Under UCP 600 the definition of negotiation requires the purchase by the nominated negotiating bank of the required documents by advancing funds on or before the banking day on which reimbursement is due to the negotiating bank. A negotiation credit authorizes the negotiating bank who is a nominated bank to purchase from the beneficiary the documents required by the letter of credit and to present those documents to the issuing bank for reimbursement. If the credit is to be honoured at sight, reimbursement is due when the issuing bank determines that there has been a conforming presentation. Reimbursement under a letter of credit available by acceptance or by deferred payment is due at maturity of the credit. In particular, while the timing of advance by the nominated negotiating bank is up to the parties, a promise of the negotiating bank to advance the purchase price to a fraudulent beneficiary does not confer immunity from letter-of-credit fraud prior to its performance. This requires the negotiating bank who is notified of material fraud prior to making an advance to beneficiary to avoid a loss by using the fraud.