• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.293-307
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• 2019

The poor welfare level of social workers is a big social problem in direct proportion to the ongoing need for social welfare service. In particular, the emotional work of social workers is a serious situation. This Study examines the effect of emotional labor(EL) on customer orientation(CO) of social workers with case management. Also this paper investigates the moderating effect of emotional intelligence(EI) and leader-member exchange(LMX). The major results from the study are as follow: First, we found that surface acting(SA) of EL had a negative impact on CO and deep acting(DA) of EL had a positive impact on CO. Second, EI showed a moderating effect on the correlation between SA of EL and CO. Also, EI had the moderating effect that weakening the negative impact of SA on CO. Third, LMX showed a moderating effect on the correlation between DA of EL and CO. Also, LMX had the moderating effect that strengthening the positive impact of DA on CO. In particular, this study presented with implications for future research, limitations of this study.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.228-232
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• 1997

The special interest should be paid to the analysis of the influences of positive emotions in terms of their possible effects on the dyanmics of autonomic. recovery after the negative affective stimualtion. Taking into account emotion-specific autonomic response patterning and dissociation of parameters of autonomic arousal during experience of both positive and negative emotional states, this problem seems a challenging one. In present study several autonomic parameters were analyzed altogether, namely inedices of electrodermal activity, heart rate and respitation rate during consecutive combination or both IAPS-based visual affective and auditory stimulation. The aim of the study was analysis of patterns of electrodermal and cardiorespiratory responses during emotional states evoked by negative affective visual stimulation followed by positive or neutral auditory one with intention to identify if the latter is able to facilitate post-stress recovery and enhance restoration of pre-arousal levels. The main orientation was dirdcted towards the further application of experimentally induced comfort emotions for dampening the negative consequences of exposure to stressful stimuli.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.61-71
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• 2017

Purpose - This study empirically analyzed the effect of the customer orientation in Insurance Salespersons on the perceived referral risk and referral intention. In the empirical study, we try to provide suggestions for reducing the perceived referral risk of customer oriented selling activities and improving the referral intentions according to customers' tendencies. Research design, data, and methodology - Data collection was conducted through the convenience sampling method for customers who had insurance coverage for about two months from March to May 2015. A total of 700 copies were distributed and 670 copies (95.7% recovery) were collected. Finally, 661 copies were used for final analysis. With the IBM PASW 22.0 statistical program. The interaction effect for the hypothesis test was generated by multiplying the average centralized independent variable and the control variable, and the average centralization variable was used to minimize the multi-collinearity problem of the interaction effect between the independent variable and the control variables. Results - Hypothesis 1 was adopted because the effect of customer-oriented selling activities on perceived referral risk were significantly negative. The effect of customer orientation on perceived referral risk is affected by innovative tendency, risk-taking tendency, and interpersonal tendency Interaction effect was observed. Therefore, Hypothesis 2-2, Hypothesis 2-3, Hypothesis 2-4 were adopted. The effect of customer-oriented selling activities on referral intention was significantly positive, and Hypothesis 3 was adopted. The effect of customer orientation was influenced by the interaction effect of innovative tendency. Therefore, only Hypothesis 4-2 was adopted. Finally, the effect of perceived referral risk on referral intention was significantly negative and hypothesis 5 was adopted. Conclusions - This study suggests that it is important for the salespeople to grasp the customers' propensity in consideration of the perceived referral risk and referral intention according to the moderating effect of customer orientation. In this study, we showed that customer-oriented selling activities positively influence referral intention by inducing perceived referral risk in customers with stronger risk-taking tendencies. It is thought that it will be an important basic data in designing a customer's selling strategy or conducting selling activities.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.219-227
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to verify the mediating effects of self-efficacy in correlation between conscientiousness and neuroticism among the Big Five personality traits and stress coping strategies. The following two study questions were formulated. Study Question 1: What is the correlation between the Big Five personality traits, stress coping strategies, and self-efficacy Study Question 2: Among the Big Five personality traits, conscientiousness and neuroticism are selected as clinically very meaningful variables that represent mental health in undergraduates. If so, does self-efficacy play a mediating role in the correlation between conscientiousness and neuroticism and stress coping strategies To verify the two study questions, the Big Five personality traits, stress coping strategies scale, and self-efficacy scale were measured for a sample of 462 freshmen attending D University located in Chungcheong. First, according to the results of correlation analysis, neuroticism and self-efficacy showed a negative correlation, and conscientiousness showed a positive correlation. Regarding the Big Five personality traits and stress coping strategies, conscientiousness showed a negative correlation with avoidance-orientation among stress coping strategies. Neuroticism showed a negative correlation with social support and problem solving-orientation among stress coping strategies. Second, according to the results of analyzing the mediating effects of self-efficacy through hierarchical regression analysis, self-efficacy exerted partial mediating effects only in correlation between neuroticism and avoidance-orientation. This study is significant in its anticipation of undergraduates' stress coping, personality factors can be usefully employed as psychological constructs, and particularly, when an undergraduate reveals the neuroticism factor, which is one of the predictors for mental health, and the tendencies of avoidance among stress coping strategies, educational interventions for self-efficacy are needed to reduce their mental stress.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.63-104
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• 2011

The study examines the relationships among employee's goal orientation, IT personnel competency, personal effectiveness. The goal orientation includes learning goal orientation, performance approach goal orientation, and performance avoid goal orientation. Personal effectiveness consists of personal work satisfaction and personal work performance. In general, IT personnel competency refers to IT expert's skills, expertise, and knowledge required to perform IT activities in organizations. However, due to the advent of the internet and the generalization of IT, IT personnel competency turns out to be an important competency of technological experts as well as employees in organizations. While the competency of IT itself is important, the appropriate harmony between IT personnel's business capability and technological capability enhances the value of human resources and thus provides organizations with sustainable competitive advantages. The rapid pace of organization change places increased pressure on employees to continually update their skills and adapt their behavior to new organizational realities. This challenge raises a number of important questions concerning organizational behavior? Why do some employees display remarkable flexibility in their behavioral responses to changes in the organization, whereas others firmly resist change or experience great stress when faced with the need to alter behavior? Why do some employees continually strive to improve themselves over their life span, whereas others are content to forge through life using the same basic knowledge and skills? Why do some employees throw themselves enthusiastically into challenging tasks, whereas others avoid challenging tasks? The goal orientation proposed by organizational psychology provides at least a partial answer to these questions. Goal orientations refer to stable personally characteristics fostered by "self-theories" about the nature and development of attributes (such as intelligence, personality, abilities, and skills) people have. Self-theories are one's beliefs and goal orientations are achievement motivation revealed in seeking goals in accordance with one's beliefs. The goal orientations include learning goal orientation, performance approach goal orientation, and performance avoid goal orientation. Specifically, a learning goal orientation refers to a preference to develop the self by acquiring new skills, mastering new situations, and improving one's competence. A performance approach goal orientation refers to a preference to demonstrate and validate the adequacy of one's competence by seeking favorable judgments and avoiding negative judgments. A performance avoid goal orientation refers to a preference to avoid the disproving of one's competence and to avoid negative judgements about it, while focusing on performance. And the study also examines the moderating role of work career of employees to investigate the difference in the relationship between IT personnel competency and personal effectiveness. The study analyzes the collected data using PASW 18.0 and and PLS(Partial Least Square). The study also uses PLS bootstrapping algorithm (sample size: 500) to test research hypotheses. The result shows that the influences of both a learning goal orientation (${\beta}$ = 0.301, t = 3.822, P < 0.000) and a performance approach goal orientation (${\beta}$ = 0.224, t = 2.710, P < 0.01) on IT personnel competency are positively significant, while the influence of a performance avoid goal orientation(${\beta}$ = -0.142, t = 2.398, p < 0.05) on IT personnel competency is negatively significant. The result indicates that employees differ in their psychological and behavioral responses according to the goal orientation of employees. The result also shows that the impact of a IT personnel competency on both personal work satisfaction(${\beta}$ = 0.395, t = 4.897, P < 0.000) and personal work performance(${\beta}$ = 0.575, t = 12.800, P < 0.000) is positively significant. And the impact of personal work satisfaction(${\beta}$ = 0.148, t = 2.432, p < 0.05) on personal work performance is positively significant. Finally, the impacts of control variables (gender, age, type of industry, position, work career) on the relationships between IT personnel competency and personal effectiveness(personal work satisfaction work performance) are partly significant. In addition, the study uses PLS algorithm to find out a GoF(global criterion of goodness of fit) of the exploratory research model which includes a mediating variable, IT personnel competency. The result of analysis shows that the value of GoF is 0.45 above GoFlarge(0.36). Therefore, the research model turns out be good. In addition, the study performs a Sobel Test to find out the statistical significance of the mediating variable, IT personnel competency, which is already turned out to have the mediating effect in the research model using PLS. The result of a Sobel Test shows that the values of Z are all significant statistically (above 1.96 and below -1.96) and indicates that IT personnel competency plays a mediating role in the research model. At the present day, most employees are universally afraid of organizational changes and resistant to them in organizations in which the acceptance and learning of a new information technology or information system is particularly required. The problem is due' to increasing a feeling of uneasiness and uncertainty in improving past practices in accordance with new organizational changes. It is not always possible for employees with positive attitudes to perform their works suitable to organizational goals. Therefore, organizations need to identify what kinds of goal-oriented minds employees have, motivate them to do self-directed learning, and provide them with organizational environment to enhance positive aspects in their works. Thus, the study provides researchers and practitioners with a matter of primary interest in goal orientation and IT personnel competency, of which they have been unaware until very recently. Some academic and practical implications and limitations arisen in the course of the research, and suggestions for future research directions are also discussed.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.331-355
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• 2014

With the rapid growth of Chinese economy, environmental issues also became a serious problem that public and private sector have to take under consideration. For the sustainable growth of Chinese economy scholars and policy makers agree to the stronger regulation for protection of natural environment, but at the same time worry about its negative effect on economic growth. This paper primarily focus on the relationship between the factors that have the effect on green product purchasing intention and purchasing behavior. Purchasing intention was considered as mediating variable in our model and state-action orientation - as moderating variable. We set 8 hypotheses and tested with structural equation modeling. The result shows that governmental regulation and subsidy, social environment related with green product purchase, and consumer perception on the benefit of green product have positive relationship with purchasing intention, but environmental concern does not show relationship with it. We also proved that state-action orientation has moderating effect between purchasing intention and purchasing behavior. Purchasing intention with action orientation show positive and statistically significant effect on purchasing behavior. This result supports the hypothesis that the attitude of customers has the effect on ones purchasing behavior.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.271-283
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• 2017

The purpose of the study is to verify the effectiveness the preliminary Health Administrators' Social Problem Solving Competency(SPSC) through the application of the learner-centered program Convergence Design Thinking(CDT) conducted by undergraduate school of Intrapreneurship the integrated curriculum, and evaluation of SPSC improvement effect. A pre-post-questionnaire survey was carried out that started March to June 2016 among the forty-five second-year college students from the Health Administration Department who participated in the CDT during the 15 weeks training. The main results are as follows. CDT were positive influenced on the improvement of Negative problem orientation, Impulsive careless style(ICS) and Avoidance coping style of the preliminary Health Administrators' SPSC. Especially, female college student or the absence of working experience, it was effective on the improvement of ICS of the participants. This CDT program identified having positive effects on their participation, SPSC. To further improve SPSC, The development of integrated curriculum and application of creative teaching method like this CDT is highly recommended.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2001

This paper presents an investigation into the operational comparison of SPOT triangulation to build GCP library by analytical plotter and DPW (digital photogrammetric workstation). GCP database derived from current SPOT images can be used to other image sensors of satellite, if any reasons, such as lack of topographic maps or GCPs. But, general formulation of a photogrammetric process for GCP measurement has to take care of the scene interpretation problem. There are two classical methods depending on whether an analytical plotter or DPW is being used. Regardless of the method used, the measurement of GCPs is the weakest point in the automation of photogrammetric orientation procedures. To make an operational comparison, five models of SPOT panchromatic images (level 1A) and negative films (level 1AP) were used. Ten images and film products were used for the five GRS areas. Photogrammetric measurements were carried out in a manual mode on P2 analytical plotter and LH Systems DPW770. We presented an approach for exterior orientation of SPOT images, which was based on the use of approximately eighty national geodetic control points as GCPs which located on the summit of the mountain. Using sixteen well-spaced geodetic control points per model, all segments consistently showed RMS error just below the pixel at the check points in analytical instrument. In the case of DPW, half of the ground controls could not found or distinguished exactly when we displayed the image on the computer monitor. Experiment results showed that the RMS errors with DPW test was fluctuated case by case. And the magnitudes of the errors were reached more than three pixels due to the lack of image interpretation capability. It showed that the geodetic control points is not suitable as the ground control points in DPW for modeling the SPOT image.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.35-49
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• 2021

Purpose: The major objective of this study is to develop a model for the impact of franchisors' Gapjil (verbal·nonverbal Gapjil, abusing bargaining position, refusing transaction, false or exaggerated information, restrictive practices, unfair damage compensation) on franchisee's recontract intention. We also examine the mediating role of economic satisfaction and social satisfaction in the relationship between franchisors' Gapjil and franchisee's contract intention. Research design, data, and methodology: Data were collected from franchisee owners located nationwide in Korea. Out of 256 questionaires distributed, a total of 256 questionnaires were returned. After excluding 10 invalid respondent questionnaires, we coded and analyzed 246 valid questionnaires (effective response rate of 96.09%) using frequency, confirmatory factor analysis, correlations analysis, and structural equation modeling with SPSS 22.O and SmartPLS 3.0. Results: The findings of this study are summarized as follows: First, among the Gapjil of the franchisors, restrictive practices and unfair damage compensation had negative effects on economic and social satisfaction, but verbal and nonverbal Gapjil for economic and social satisfaction was not significant. Second, abusing bargaining positions and false or exaggerated information had negative effects on social satisfaction, but for economic satisfaction, found to be insignificant. Third, economic and social satisfaction had positive effects on the franchisee's recontract intention to the franchisor. Conclusion: The following implications of this study are as follows. First, the construct of Gapjil that occurs between the franchisors and the franchisees was first presented, and the franchisors' Gapjil is divided into interpersonal Gapjil and structural Gapjil. Second, the Gapjil of the franchisors can be an important predictor variable in maintaining and developing a long-term relationship between the franchisors and the franchisees. Third, solving conflict due to the Gapjil problem between franchisors and franchisees can be an important factor for franchisors and franchisees to co-survive and thrive in Korean franchise system. Fourth, this study suggest that managing the Gapjil of the franchisors was a important antecedent factor in maintaining long-term relationship between the franchisors and the franchisees. Therefore, this study will help franchisors formulate effective symbiotic marketing strategies to satisfy relationships with franchisees and consequently enhance long-term orientation.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.175-183
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• 2016

The government set up "national happiness, the hope of a new era of national vision under' job center of the creative economy" to achieve by national goals in the first and figure achieved through the establishment of new growth engines of the youth unemployment problem solve and national level there are a number of business start-up support. September 8, 2015 announced the Government's look at the '2016 Year of the budget, the government for new growth engines greatly promoted the venture entrepreneurship ecosystem revitalization and research and development (R & D) the business for enhanced performance in 2017. According to the direction of this study is to evaluate the current creative economy business incubator at the comparison whether the correct orientation mainly entrepreneurs, entrepreneurs preliminary recognition of student entrepreneurship ecosystem. Entrepreneurs 113 people in that way, 71 people pre-entrepreneurs, students 60, workers were founding agencies conducted an online survey of 47 people, 16 people Investors, 50 public and 11 additional persons including a total of 368 people. This study is in line with the orientation of these entrepreneurs to create economic status and recognition of the Republic of Korea entrepreneurship ecosystem, pre- entrepreneurs, students will examine the comparative analysis around. Analysis, social perception of entrepreneurship is somewhat higher than it was confirmed that the negative response of 32.2% to 36.3% of positive response. Social awareness of entrepreneurs showed a 2-fold higher response rate than the negative of response of 17.1% to 41.7% responding that positive recognition for the current start-up environment is bad, the response is good response to higher response rate than 23.5% to 41.1% It showed. The percentage of responses that better respect the entrepreneurship environment of the future Republic of Korea showed a higher response rate than the rate of 23% in response to deteriorate to 41.2%, with 52.9% awareness is the percentage that responded that the bad part about the ruthless Korea's entrepreneurship environment in China good part as response rate approximately three times greater than the 17.7% showed high response rates. Social awareness of entrepreneurs experience the presence of the founding start-up experience was confirmed that the more negative the number increases, the more the contrary the number of start-up experience increased awareness of the current and future environment of entrepreneurship was identified as a positive entrepreneurship environment. Also recognized was confirmed to change the parent of the more positive changes in the start-up of entrepreneurs doctor also positive about entrepreneurship, start-up entrepreneurs start with a doctor's motivation for founding non-economic reasons than for economic reasons has confirmed Higher. This study showed the overall level overview analysis of the status and recognition of the Republic of Korea entrepreneurship ecosystem. Future studies need to be a proposal for an existing previous studies for more precise direction to go forth to analyze the entrepreneurship ecosystem with a focus on problems and improvement of the Republic of Korea entrepreneurship ecosystem.