• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.1725-1730
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• 2014

Management of patients with stage II colorectal carcinomas remains challenging as 20 - 30% of them will develop recurrence. It is postulated that these patients may harbour nodal micrometastases which are imperceptible by routine histopathological evaluation. The aims of our study were to evaluate (1) the feasibility of multilevel sectioning method utilizing haematoxylin and eosin stain and immunohistochemistry technique with cytokeratin AE1/AE3, in detecting micrometastases in histologically-negative lymph nodes, and (2) correlation between nodal micrometastases with clinicopathological parameters. Sixty two stage I and II cases with a total of 635 lymph nodes were reviewed. Five-level haematoxylin and eosin staining and one-level cytokeratin AE1/AE3 immunostaining were performed on all lymph nodes retrieved. The findings were correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Two (3.2%) lymph nodes in two patients (one in each) were found to harbour micrometastases detected by both methods. With cytokeratin AE1/AE3, we successfully identified four (6.5%) patients with isolated tumour cells, but none through the multilevel sectioning method. Nodal micrometastases detected by both multilevel sectioning and immunohistochemistry methods were not associated with larger tumour size, higher depth of invasion, poorer tumour grade, disease recurrence or distant metastasis. We conclude that there is no difference between the two methods in detecting nodal micrometastases. Therefore it is opined that multilevel sectioning is a feasible and yet inexpensive method that may be incorporated into routine practice to detect nodal micrometastases in centres with limited resources.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.47-52
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• 2012

Crocodile farms are getting popular in Bangladesh in an economic point of view. In one of the farms, some crocodiles were found sick and three of them died between May and July in 2006. This investigation was performed to diagnose the cause of the death. Routine postmortem examination was conducted. Samples were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology and in falcon tube for microbiological study. Additional swabs were collected in nutrient broth. Histopathological and microbiological studies were conducted using routine procedures. In addition Giemsa, Gram and PAS stains were performed to detect the organism in tissues. Grossly, esophagus, trachea, lungs, liver, spleen, heart and kidney were congested. Intestine, rectum and colon were hemorrhagic. Clay colored material was found in colo-rectum. Purulent exudates in lungs and thick and cloudy pericardial fluid in pericardial sac were found. Histologically, multifocal granulomatous inflammation was evident in lung, liver, kidney, intestine and colon with bacterial colonies, fungal spores and hyphae. These bacteria were appeared as Gram negative. Fungal hyphae and spores were detected in liver, lungs and colon by using PAS stain. Bacteriologically, E. coli were isolated from lungs exudates, pericardial fluids and intestinal fluids. Therefore, it can be concluded that 3 crocodiles died due to E. coli septicemia concurrent with mycotic infection.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.339-341
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• 2007

A 22-year-old woman with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia was hospitalized for headache and vomiting. CT scan showed a well-defined, ring like enhancing mass in the left frontal lobe with surrounding edema and midline shift. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a round homogeneous mass with a ring of enhancement in the left frontal lobe. Tl-201 brain SPECT showed increased focal uptake coinciding with the CT and MRI abnormality. Aspiration of the lesion performed through a burr hole yielded many neutrophils, a few lymphocytes and histiocytes with some strands of filamentous microorganism-like material. Modified AFB stained negative for norcardia. Gram stain showed a few white blood cells and no microorganism. Antibiotics were started and produced a good clinical response. After one month, CT scan showed markedly reduction in size and extent was observed.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.447-452
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• 1999

The role of bacteria in root canals and periapical infections is well known and established. In these bacteria, black-pigmented bacteria(BPH) play important role in endodontic infection. BPB are Gram negative anaerobic rods which are closely related 50 clinical symptoms such as pain, percussion, tenderness, foul odor, etc. In America and Europe, many studies on BPB have been done and are continued. But, relatively few studies have been done in Korea, especially its prevalence in Korean population is not yet studied. The purpose of this study is to establish prevalence of BPB in infected root canals and periapical abscesses in Korean people. Microbial samples were collected from the root canals of 34 intact tooth with periapical rarefactions of endodontic origin and 3 periapical abscesses. All samples were incubated in an anaerobic chamber(Coy, Model No. 77. Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.). Identification of In microorganism was based on its growth in the anaerobic chamber, colonial pigmentation, colonial morphology, Gram stain, and Rapid ID32A(BioMericux SA/69280 Marcy-l'Etoile/France) results. In addition, the polyme ase chain reaction using specific primers for 16S rRNA genes were used differentiate Prevotella nigrescens for Prevotella intermedia. The results were as follows : 1. In this study, thirteen (35%) of thirty seven samples were positive for the growth of BPB. In thirteen samples, sixteen strains of BPR were found. 2. The most frequently identified BPB in root canals and abscesses in Korean were P. nigrescens 5/37(14%) and P. intermedia 5/37(14%). Porphyromonas gingivalis 3/37(8%), Porphyromonas endodontalis 2/37(5%) and Prevotella loecheii 1/37(3%) were also found. 3. In this study, no significant differences were found between the prevalence of BPB in Korean and that of American and European.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.244-248
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• 2005

This study was conducted to survey the relationship between the somatic cell count (SCC), and California mastitis test (CMT) & mastitis. A total of 328 quarter milk samples were collected from 211 cows suspected to have mastitis; Both SCC and CMT were performed on the samples. Milk smear was stained with Broadhurst and Paley stain and the cells were classified into either epithelial or blood cells. Bacterial isolation was made and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested. Of the 328 quarters, 78 ($23.8{\%}$) were CMT negative with SCC <750,000/ml. As expected, CMT score increased with the increase of SCC. The number of epithelial cells decreased with the increasing number of somatic cells, while the opposite was the case with the number of blood cells. The critical point was when the SCC reached 1,000,000/ml. Up to 1,000,000 cells/ml, the number of epithelial cells was greater than that of blood cells. The results indicate that when epithelia:blood cell ratio is 58.1:41.9, the milking line should be checked and bacterial isolation be performed on the samples in order to identity mastitis.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.259-264
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• 1991

The proteins of the race horse erythrocyte membrane were analysed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS-PAGE), and their relations to the fast erythrocyte sedimentation rate(ESR) of the race horse were investigated. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate of race horse were very fast compared with the human one(33 times <$90^{\circ}-plastic-ESR/30m$> and 25 times <$90^{\circ}-micro-ESR/30m$> as fast as the human one) are reported previously. Although the general protein profiles of the race horse erythrocyte membranes were almost similar to that of human, band 3 content was showing higher in race horse (34.7%) than in human (25.3%). The glycoprotein profiles of the race horse erythrocyte membranes revealed by periodic acid Schiff's(PAS) stain showed a marked difference from that of human. The PAS-1(glycophorin) and PAS-2(sialoglycoprotein) present in human erythrocyte memo brane were almost absent from the Holstein and race horse erythrocyte membranes, but PAS-2 was more in only race horse from that of human. Instead, the bovine erythrocyte membranes showed a strong PAS-B near the origin of the electrophorograms and the race horse erythrocyte membranes showed a strong PAS-negative band near the end of the electrophorograms, which is named as PAS-E in this study. These results suggest that the fast sedimentation rate of race horse erythrocyte is due in part to the presence of more band 3 protein fraction and PAS-E glycoproteins in the race horse erythrocytes.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2005

제주도 연안의 해수로부터 항산화물질을 생산하는 세균을 분리하였으며 항산화물질의 특성을 조사하였다. 분리된 항산화 생성 균주는 그람양성의 통성혐기성균으로 운동성을 가진 단간균이었으며 생육시 NaCl를 필요로 하였다. 분리균주는 형태학적, 배양적, 생화학적 특성 및 165 rDNA 염기서열 분식결과 Exiguobacterium 속으로 동정되어 Ekiguobaoteriurn sp. SC2-1로 명명하였다. 항산화물질 생산균주 배양액의 radical 소거활성은 DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) 법을 사용하였으며, 항산화물질 생성 최적조건은 $25^{\circ}C,\;NaCl\;4\%,\;pH\;6\~8$ 이었으며, 최적 탄소원은 $1\%$ maltose였다. 배양액의 hydroxyl radical 소거활성은 $73\%$였으며 superoxide radical 소거활성은 $35\%$를 나타내었다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.286-291
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• 2016

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the prototypical ${\gamma}$-herpesvirus and an obligate human pathogen that infects mainly epithelial cells and B cells, which can result in malignancies. EBV infects these target cells by fusing with the viral and cellular lipid bilayer membranes using multiple viral factors and host receptor(s) thus exhibiting a unique complexity in its entry machinery. To enter epithelial cells, EBV requires minimally the conserved core fusion machinery comprised of the glycoproteins gH/gL acting as the receptor-binding complex and gB as the fusogen. EBV can enter B cells using gp42, which binds tightly to gH/gL and interacts with host HLA class II, activating fusion. Previously, we published the individual crystal structures of EBV entry factors, such as gH/gL and gp42, the EBV/host receptor complex, gp42/HLA-DR1, and the fusion protein EBV gB in a postfusion conformation, which allowed us to identify structural determinants and regions critical for receptor-binding and membrane fusion. Recently, we reported different low resolution models of the EBV B cell entry triggering complex (gHgL/gp42/HLA class II) in "open" and "closed" states based on negative-stain single particle electron microscopy, which provide further mechanistic insights. This review summarizes the current knowledge of these key players in EBV entry and how their structures impact receptor-binding and the triggering of gB-mediated fusion.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.317-332
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of the natural coral(NC) and the hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate hemihydrate(HA/CS) on an early stages of wound healing in the rat periodontal fenestration defects. In this experiment, twelve male rats(Mean : 520g in BW) aged 8 to 9 months were used. Experimental periodontal fenestration defects were surgically created with tapered fissure bur at the buccal surface of the left mandibular 1st, 2nd molars. The buccal aspects of molar roots were carefully denuded of their periodontal ligament through a bony window created in the left mandibles of rats under general anesthesia. Each experimental periodontal fenestration defect was grafted with natural coral and HA/CS, randomly. An area without bone graft was assigned for negative control group. At 10,35 days, rats were serially sacrificed via intracardiac perfusion with 2.5% glutaraldehyde and specimens were processed with Hematoxylin-Eosin stain for light microscopic evaluation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. The defect areas were filled with dense connective tissues at 10 days in control group. But in the test(NC, HA/CS)groups, the connective tissues around graft materials were formed more loosely and the response of inflammation by graft materials itself was not found. 2. The defect areas were filled with new osteoid tissues and new cementum was not formed on the cut root surface at 35 days in the control group. 3. New osteoid tissue formation was more prominent at 35 days in control than test groups. 4. The NC and HA/CS particles were encapsulated by loose connective tissues at 10 days and by dense connective tissues at 35 days, respectively. 5. In the test groups, resorption of graft particles was not found through the experimental time. From the above results, natural coral and hydroxyapatite/calcium sulfate hemihydrate may be biocompatible and osteoconductive and have a weak adverse reaction to the periodontal tissues.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제26권3_4호
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• pp.464-472
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• 2002

The aim of this study was to elucidate dyeability and antimicrobial activity of cotton fabrics dyed with Sophora Radix extracts according to various mordants. Dyes were extracted from Sophora Radix using ethanol. Then, cotton fabrics were dyed with extracts two times by post-mordanting method in which the extract was 60% (owf, the mordant was 3% (owf), L.R was 1:20, the temperature was 60~7$0^{\circ}C$, the time of dyeing was 60min., and the time of mordanting was 60min.. The dyeability was evaluated by surface color and color fastness. The skin microorganism was evaluated on S. sureus, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, P. acnes, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, A. niger, C. albicans and T. mentagrophytes. The results are as follows; 1. When mordants were treated, surface color was 3.3Y to 0.1 GY in H (hue) value which indicated greenish yellow to yellow 2. The color fastness to perspiration, dry-cleaning, rubbing, and washing stain fabric showed 4~5 degree. The color fastness to light was improved to 4 degree by treatment of mordants. The color fastness to washing was 2 degree which was somewhat poor. 3. Cotton dyed with ethanol extracts was excellent on S. aureus, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis and p. antis. But that showed poor antibacterial activities on P. aeruginosa and E. coli such as gram negative baterials 4. Antibacterial activity of cotton fabrics dyed didn't be improved by treatment of mordant 5. Antifungal activity of cotton dyed with ethanol extracts was excellent on T. mentagrophytes. Especially, on T. mentagrophytes there was no growth of fungus during 72 hours in cotton dyed mordanting with SnCl$_2$.$_2$$H_2O$.