• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.433-440
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• 2021

This study aims at testing word-of-mouth (WOM) by mediating positive and negative perceptions of purchase intention on low-cost carriers (LCC) flights in Indonesia. One of the communications mixes that airlines can carry out is WOM. WOM is a form of communication between passengers after using a flight. The formation of a positive perception of WOM is expected by airlines. If a positive perception of WOM has formed, a purchase intention will arise. The study population included LCC flight passengers in Indonesia, involving 387 respondents. For indicators and variables, validity and reliability tests were conducted using CFA, CR, and AVE tools. Sampling locations were Soekarno-Hatta and Kualanamu airports. Sample collection was obtained through purposive sampling, and the analytical tool used was structural equation modeling (SEM) with Lisrel. The results showed that WOM influenced purchase intention through positive and negative perceptions of WOM. It can be seen that a positive perception of WOM has a direct effect, while a negative perception of WOM has the opposite effect. In conclusion, the mediation of perceptions influences purchase intention, whether it in the same direction or the opposite ones. To conclude, WOM is an antecedent for it influences purchase intention.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.1-22
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• 2022

Purpose - Social media platforms have presented individuals with an opportunity to create and maintain their social relationship through the use of social media services. However, such social relationship has a negative influence on users' interest in social media. Design/methodology - Using structural equation modeling, this study seeks to examines the effects of different social media conflicts (individual and social conflicts) on users' psychological internal state, especially user apathetic behavior Findings - The findings confirm that, among social media conflicts, social-related conflict, especially social interaction overload has a negative effect on cognitive resonance, while individual conflict has the highest effect on cognitive dissonance. Also, cognitive dissonance has a much greater effect than cognitive resonance on user resistance, this means that users' negative perception of social media has a greater influence on their resistance. Lastly, user's resistance was found to have a positive influence on user's apathetic behavior. Originality/value - In other to capture social media Apathetic behavior, this study focus on social media conflict perspective, which includes social-related conflict and individual conflict, which are found to influence users' internal states towards social media and further induce social media behavior. This study is unique because it is among the first to explore social media apathetic behavior by focusing on the influence of both external social media conflict and internal state. Also, this study proposed that social related conflict has a higher negative influence on WeChat user than individual related conflict.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.1 no.6
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• pp.707-716
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• 1997

Recent reports revealed that the $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchangers and feet structures of sarcoplasmic reticulum(SR) are located in close vicinity in the specific compartment. Therefore, we investigated the possibility that the $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchanger may decrease the tension development by transporting the $Ca^{2+}$ out of the cell right after it released from SR, on the basis of this anatomical proximity. We exammined the negative force-frequency relationship of the developed tension in the electrically field stimulated left atria of postnatal developing rat(1, 3 day, 1 week and 4 week old after birth). Cyclopiazonic $acid(3{\times}10^{-5}\;M)$ treatment decreased the developed tension further according to postnatal age. $Monensin(3{\times}10^{-6}\;M)$ treatment did not increase the maximal tension in 4 week-old rat, preserving negative staircase, while the negative staircase in the younger rat were flattened. $Ca^{2+}$ depletion in the buffer elicited more suppression of the maximal tension according to the frequency in all groups except the 4 week-old group. The % decrease of the maximal developed tension of 4 week-old group at 1 Hz to that of 0.1 Hz after $Na^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$ depletion was only a half of those of the yonger groups. Taken together, it is concluded that the $Na^+-Ca^{2+}$ exchange transports more $Ca^{2+}$ released from SR out of the cell in proportion to the frequency, and this is responsible for the negative staircase effect of the rat heart.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.625-636
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• 2016

The purposes of this study were to investigate the effects of social appearance anxiety, negative body image, appearance importance on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. For data collection, a questionnaire was administrated to 428 female college students in Gwangju City, Korea. The results were summarized as follows. To analysis the data, the SPSS 20.0 was used, and frequence analysis, descriptive statistical analysis, reliability analysis, regression analysis, F-test were conducted. The results were summarized as follows. First, social appearance anxiety turned out to have significant positive effect on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. Second, negative body image had positive effect on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. Third, appearance importance turned out to have significant effect on appearance management behavior and cosmetic surgery intention. The results of this study above suggest that it would be necessary to seek for measures to reduce individual's appearance anxiety, negative body image, and appearance importance. Especially, People should get the realization of the beautiful on the inside that includes personality is more important than having external beauty. And, it is considered that the requirements of the social effort and education through a school and a media as well as a family for reducing the individual's appearance anxiety, negative body image, and the serious consideration of the appearance as rejecting the discrimination based on appearance.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.53-73
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• 2020

Many prior studies have been conducted that positive reviews increase the intention to purchase. However, there are very few papers that have studied the impact of review search on purchase satisfaction. It is meaningful to study the impact of review search on purchase satisfaction as it can lead the business successfully by inducing repurchase. There is also no study of how review search have different effects on purchase satisfaction among countries. Given the growing number of cross-border e-commerce, we believe that the need for research is high because identifying these differences between countries can have a very important impact on a company's successful overseas expansion. Therefore, in this study, the impact of positive and negative review search on purchase satisfaction and the national impact were set up as a research model. In order to verify this research model, the survey was distributed to those who experienced online purchase in Korea and China, and a total of 234 copies were collected, including 125 copies in Korea, 109 copies in China, and the research model was verified using Smart-PLS structural equation analysis tools. First, positive review search has been shown to positively affect purchase satisfaction. Second, it has been shown that negative review search also has a positive effect on purchase satisfaction. Third, the impact of positive and negative review search on purchase satisfaction was different between Korea and China. While Korea is more aggressive in review search than China due to its high tendency to avoid uncertainty, China is less likely to avoid uncertainty than Korea and is more likely to rely on brand familiarity. Therefore, according to the uncertainty avoidance moderation effect the impact of positive and negative review search on purchase satisfaction was higher in Korea than in China. In this study, Shopping mall managers need to take strategic measures to maximize shopping mall performance by recognizing positive aspects of negative review search on purchase satisfaction. Companies and managers in Korea and China can establish strategies to promote product sales when companies enter the global market.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.45-55
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• 2022

Purpose: Consumers' experience of functional attributes is remembered, and the experience lowers the cost of consumers' input from their point of view and reduces uncertainty. It also plays an important role in consumers' positive emotions and responses. Accordingly, if information search costs are reduced in terms of the costs perceived by consumers about restaurants, a strategy differentiated from other companies can be established. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of functional congruence of restaurant stores on information search cost reduction, positive/negative emotions, and loyalty. Research Design, Data, and Methodology: This study investigated functional congruence, information search cost reduction, and positive/negative emotions. The structural relationship between loyalty was analyzed. To verify this, a research hypothesis was established based on previous studies and a research model was constructed. The questionnaire items were modified and used according to the current study, based on previous studies. The data were collected using the questionnaire method from 187 people who had dining out experience. Frequency analysis was performed to confirm demographic characteristics. Reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity of the collected data were verified. The research model was analyzed with a structural equation modeling (SmartPLS 4). Results: The findings show that functional congruence had significant positive effects on information search cost reduction and positive emotion, but no significant effect on negative emotion. Information search cost reduction had significant positive effects on positive emotion/negative emotion but did not significantly affect loyalty. Lastly, both positive and negative emotions had significant positive effects on loyalty. Conclusion: Based on transaction cost theory, this study found how functional congruence and information search cost reduction influence consumers' emotions. The functional attributes of restaurants were perceived by customers as information, thus uncertainty was decreased. Finally, appropriate management strategies and implications of functional congruence and information search cost in the restaurant were suggested.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.217-231
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of workaholism according to personality on the job satisfaction of organizational members. Design/methodology/approach - Workaholism was defined as excessive working and compulsive work, suggesting a negative impact on job satisfaction, while predicting that conscientiousness would alleviate this effect and presented as a hypothesis. The unbalanced panel data constructed based on 19,283 samples of 6,863 people from the Korea Labor Institute's Korea Labor Panel Survey was used. Findings - Both excessive working and compulsive working were found to have a direct negative effect on job satisfaction. Additionally, as a result of verifying the interaction effect of conscientiousness, it was found that the negative impact of excessive work on job satisfaction was moderated and alleviated by conscientiousness. In other words, for employees with high conscientiousness, the negative impact of excessive work on job satisfaction is alleviated and the negative impact of overworking is offset, whereas for employees with low conscientiousness, the negative impact of overworking on job satisfaction is strengthened. Research implications or Originality - This study shows that the impact of workaholism on job satisfaction varies depending on personality. While existing research has treated personality only as a determinant of workaholism, this study contributes to previous research in that it expands the role of personality. In addition, in practical terms, it is suggested that differential treatment based on individual values or personality is necessary.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.106-115
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• 2017

The purpose of the study is to examine the effect of parenting attitudes on adolescents' interpersonal relationship, and to prove the meditating effect of aggression between the two variables. The results are as follows: First, while positive parenting attitude influenced negatively adolescents' interpersonal relationship, negative parenting attitude influenced positively adolescents' interpersonal relationship. Second, positive parenting attitude had a negative effect on adolescents' aggressions, but negative parenting attitude influenced positively them. Third, while adolescents' aggression factors influenced negatively adolescents' interpersonal relationship. Fourth, adolescents' aggressions had a partial mediating effect between positive parenting attitude and adolescents' interpersonal relationship, and they also analyzed a partial mediating role between negative parenting attitude and adolescents' interpersonal relationship.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.109-124
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• 2021

The millennial generation, which has emerged as one of the strongest influence and consumption power, pursues happiness of the present centering on "I"; consumes luxury products for themselves. The purpose of this study was to evaluate how the narcissism and materialism of the millennial generation affect the compensatory consumption of luxury products in negative situations and the moderating effect of self-control. This study included 315 millennial males and females living in Seoul and Gyeonggi area. Frequency analysis, reliability analysis, multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis were conducted using SPSS 25.0 statistical program. Based on our findings, narcissism and materialism had a statistically significant effect on compensatory consumption under positive situations. However, while materialism had a statistically significant effect on compensatory consumption under negative situations, narcissism did not have a statistically significant effect on compensatory consumption under negative situations. Notably, self-control had a moderating effect in the influence of materialism on compensatory consumption under negative situations; narcissism did not. This study holds academic significance as the concept of compensatory consumption and self-control can be applied to the apparel study. Moreover, this study provides practically significant ideas on compensatory consumption and therefore marketing of luxury brands, based on consumers' characteristics.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.557-565
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to identify the moderating effect of family healthiness between stress and happiness. For this purpose, data were collected from 400 university students, and analyzed 381 valid ones. The SPSS 18.0 program was used to analyze the statistical data such as correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The results of this study are as follows. First, positive perception stress had a significant positive effect on the happiness. But negative perception stress had a significant negative effect on the happiness. Second, family healthiness had a significant positive effect on the happiness. Third, family healthiness hadn't moderating effect within the relationship of positive perception stress and happiness. But family healthiness had moderating effect within the relationship of negative perception stress and happiness. Based on the results of this study, the importance of family healthiness for improving happiness and reducing negative perception stress, the implications and limitations are discussed.