• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.20-29
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• 2015

Objectives : The objectives of this study is to compare the effects of electroacupuncture(EA), warm needling(WN) and Radio Frequency warm needling(RFWN) stimulations on the acupoints at the artificially damaged ankles of Sprague-Dawley rats, which could be classified as the Grade 3. Methods : The foot weight bearing force ratio(FWBFR) of ankle sprain was measured first at 24 hours after without any other stimulations. Pain Recovery Index(PRI) represents the analgesic level, and modified Pain Recovery Index(mPRI) shows the accumulated recovery level. PRI was measured at 2 hours after each stimulus on GB34, GB39 and GB42, and mPRI was during 7 days. Results : EA stimulation of GB34 and GB39 acupoint in grade 3 ankle sprain showed a marked analgesic and recovery effect. RFWN of GB42 exhibited significant analgesic and pain recovery effect. RFWN of GB34 resulted in pain recovery effect but not analgesic effects, and RFWN of GB39 resulted in analgesic effect 2 hours after but not pain recovery. However, WN did not affect the pain recovery among three acupoints at all. Conclusions : In the Grade 3 ankle sprain model, the difference of analgesic effects were explained by the acupoints and the stimulation methods according to the accumulated recovery effects during 7 days. It is insufficient to determine that a certain acupoint has a specific analgesic effect depending on the stimulation method by the results of this study. Therefore, the effects of each stimulation on the acupoints in any other meridians at the sprained ankle should be compared and analyzed.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.84-89
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• 2017

Background: Common and effective treatments for calcific tendinitis involve needling procedures. However, it has been widespread practice to refer patients with calcific tendinitis, which is a predominantly orthopedic condition, to radiology department. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes after ultrasound-guided needling for calcific tendinitis between the orthopedics and radiology department. Methods: Seventy-seven shoulders (Group 1) and 38 shoulders (Group 2) treated in the radiology and orthopedic department, respectively. A fellowship-trained orthopedic surgeon and a musculoskeletal radiologist each performed the procedure of ultrasound-guided needle decompression with subacromial steroid injection. Clinical outcomes was evaluated using the visual analogue scale for pain (pVAS) and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) shoulder score before treatment and at each follow-up. The pre- and postneedling size and shape of the calcific deposits were compared between the two groups. Results: We analyzed a total of 56 shoulders for Group 1 and 32 shoulders for Group 2. The mean age and sex ratio of the patients no significantly different. We found that the mean decrease in the diameter of calcification between pre- and post-needling was 9.0 mm for Group 1 and 13.1 mm for Group 2; the difference was significantly larger in Group 2 than in Group 1. Both groups showed improved pVAS and ASES scores after needling but the extent of these improvements did not differ with the type of operator. Conclusions: Needling decompression performed by orthopedic surgeons could a viable option for the treatment of calcific tendinitis.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2020

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to review needling depth and location of LU7, BL62 and KI6 by the medical classics' records. Methods : 1. We researched the medical classics describing LU7, KI6 and BL62, and reorganized data about the location and needling depth. 2. We compared the medical classics' records on LU7, KI6 and BL62 with description of WHO standard acupuncture point location. 3. We reviewed different location and needling depth of LU7, BL62, and KI6 recorded in the medical classics with the anatomical structure. Results : 1. The common needling depth of LU7 is about 0.2 chon. But in some medical classics, the depth of LU7 is 0.8 chon. Needling depth of LU7 varied depending on the patient's hand posture. In the 'half-up' position with the thumb upward, it is possible to stimulate acupuncture on LU7 by 0.8 chon because there is a space between the tendons. 2. In WHO standard acupuncture point location, the locations of BL62 and KI6 are just below the lateral and medial malleolus. But in some medical classics, the locations of BL62 and KI6 are between the bones and muscles below the malleolus. In the locations between the bones and muscles below the malleolus, it is possible to stimulate acupuncture on BL62 and KI6 by penetrating acupuncture because there is no bone structure. Conclusions : 1. By the 'half-up' position with the thumb upward, it is possible to stimulate vertically acupuncture on LU7 by 0.8 chon. 2. By the locations of BL62 and KI6 between the bones and muscles below the malleolus, it is possible to stimulate on BL62 and KI6 by penetrating acupuncture.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.71-85
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• 2008

Objective : Acupuncture, one of the Oriental medical treatment techniques in East Asia, is growing in popularity all over the world. Based on bibliographical and clinical data, the depth of needling, i.e. superficial or deep needling, has been considered to be a variable as potential modifiers of needling effects, such as localization, manipulation of the needle, or elicitation of DeQi. The purpose of this review is to summarize clinical trials using minimal acupuncture and to evaluate its appropriateness as a control. Methods : A survey of computerized literature searches for randomized controlled trials using minimal acupuncture revealed that a total of 10 studies were published until April 2008. Results : Results obtained from clinical trials showed that acupuncture were more effective than minimal acupuncture in 3 out of 10 trials, while others were no more effective than control. However, minimal acupuncture might neither be a inert placebo nor be indiscriminable. Conclusion : Minimal acupuncture as 'placebo' controls seems misleading and scientifically unacceptable.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2016

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the needling depth of Hwangmun (BL51) and Jisil (BL52) retrospectively using an L-spine MRI. Methods : We measured the shortest distance from the skin to transversalis fascia at both sides of Hwangmun and Jisil, and analyzed the difference between male and female using a student t-test, and between the left and right sides with a paired t-test. Results : In the case of males, the average depth of left Hwangmun was $48.24{\pm}10.16mm$, and that of right was $47.23{\pm}9.59mm$ ; left Jisil was $56.91{\pm}9.00mm$ and right was $55.74{\pm}8.75mm$. In the case of females, the average depth of left Hwangmun was $42.26{\pm}9.29mm$, and that of right was $41.63{\pm}9.32mm$ ; left Jisil was $49.21{\pm}10.77mm$ and right was $48.41{\pm}11.38mm$. The depth of male insertion was deeper than that of female in Jisil, but there was no significant difference according to gender in Hwangmun. Conclusion : For males, the needling depth of left Hwangmun is 37.21 ~ 68.23 mm and right is 36.91 ~ 70.50 mm, while left Jisil is 42.97 ~ 70.84 mm and right is 43.75 ~ 72.00 mm. For females, the needling depth of left Hwangmun is 26.80 ~ 68.28 mm and right is 25.70 ~ 65.59 mm, while left Jisil is 30.94 ~ 79.06 mm and right is 28.13 ~ 77.27 mm.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.29-36
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy of fire needling therapy and general acupuncture for the patient with lumbar herniated intervertebral disc. Methods : We observed 20 lumbar herniated intervertebral disc patients from March, 2014 to October, 2015. This study was randomized and assessor blinded. The patients were divided into two groups: one group(group A) was treated by general acupuncture only, and the other group(group B) was treated by fire needling therapy and general acupuncture. We evaluated the treatment effect experienced by each group using the visual analogue scale(VAS) and Oswestry disability index(ODI). Results : 1. In group A, VAS and ODI from before treatment to treatment 4, 8, 12, 16 were significantly improved in statistics. 2. In group B, VAS from before treatment to treatment 4, 8, 12, 16 was significantly improved, but ODI was significantly improved in statistics only from before treatment to treatment 12, not in treatment 4, 8, 16. 3. As a result of comparisons between group A and B, there were no statistical significance in VAS and ODI. Conclusions : This study was not able to determine statistical significance between the group treated by general acupuncture only and the group treated by fire needling therapy and general acupuncture, so further studies are required in the future.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.233-249
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• 2000

Objectives : Gimun-chimbub(Jimen-zhenfa) is the method of needling which is based on Gimun-hak (Jimen-xue), and it is the most excellent method of needling than any other methods. In spite of the superiority of Gimun-chimbub(Jimen-zhenfa), there are few documents which explain it in details. The purpose of this study is to make clear principle of Gimun(Jimen) & apptication of Gimun-chimbub(Jimen-zhenfa) so many clinicians can make good use of it. Methods : Through investigation of many documents concerning Gimun(Jimen), Gimun-chimbub(Jimen-zhenfa) and Bosa(buxie), the author first explained principle of Gimun(Jimen) and then made clear how to apply it in needling and how to perform Bosa(buxie). Conclusions : 1. Gimun-hak(Jimen-xue) is constituted combinations of infinite change of Chen-Gy-In Samje(Tianrendi Sancai) and Hado lakse(Hetu Luoshu). Gimun-hak(Jimen-xue), is the study which shows us the change of space time e- ntangling at once, and it is applied to troublous times and critical situations. Gimun-chimbub(Jimen-zhenfa) combines of the method of needling with the time when Chen(Tian) opens and closes. So according to each cases, doctor must consider the adequate time. For example, in case of acute disease, the first day when the patient got ill is ta - ken. In case of chronic disease, the day when the patient came to see a doctor is taken. In Gimun-chimbub(Jimen-zhenfa), first it uses Jik-Sa-Mun(zhishimen) which can ac - cept Chen-Gi(tianqi). When needling, doctor must find the accurate acu-points and perform Bosa(buxie). Finally it uses Saeng-Mun(shengmen) which stirs up the vit - ality. Using Saeng-Mun(shengmen) decreases the rate of relapse of diseases.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.65-75
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of warm needling at $GB_{30}{\cdot}GB_{34}$ on Complete Freund's Adjuvant(CFA)-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats. Methods : Arthritis was induced by injecting CFA subcutaneously into the left knee joint and paw. Acupuncture(AT) and warm needling(W-AT0.5, W-AT1.0) were injected at $GB_{30}{\cdot}GB_{34}$, every other day for a total of 5 times beginning on day 10 after the CFA injection. Thereafter, external shape, paw edema, serum aminotransferase and anti-inflammatory factors were assessed, and hematological and histological observations were made. Results : In paw edema volume all 3 groups(AT, W-AT0.5, W-AT1.0) showed significant decrease compared to the CFA control group. In TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6, all 3 groups showed significant decrease compared to CFA control group. In AST and ALT all 3 groups showed no significant change. In IL-$1{\beta}$, W-AT0.5 and W-AT1.0, groups showed significant decrease compared to the CFA control group. Leucocyte, erythrocyte and thrombocyte, all 3 groups showed no significant change. In histological observations, all 3 groups were similar to the intact group in terms of synoviocyte, cartilage lacuna and cartilage cells. Conclusions : The results suggest that warm needling at $GB_{30}{\cdot}GB_{34}$, has the effect of suppressing inflammation of CFA-induced rheumatoid arthritis in rats.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of warm needling therapy in a patient with cervical myelopathy caused by ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. Methods : A 53-year-old Korean male patient diagnosed with cervical myelopathy due to ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament was treated with warm needling therapy on posterior neck aside from the routine inpatient treatment from June 26th to July 16th. Clinical improvement was evaluated with visual analogue scale(VAS), Japanese orthopedic score(JOA), grip and release test, finger escape sign and patient satisfaction was measured using a five-point Likert scale. Results : After 21 days of treatment, the patient showed improvement in VAS, JOA, grip and release test and finger escape sign. The patient also expressed satisfaction with the treatment. Conclusions : The results suggest that warm needling therapy may be an effective additional treatment for cervical myelopathy and other symptoms related to ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament(OPLL). Further studies should be carried out regarding possible long-lasting effects.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.114-121
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study is to report the effects of warm needling in a patient with cancer who had chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). Methods: A 46-year-old Korean female outpatient diagnosed with malignant ovarian cancer was treated with warm needling therapy on the foot acupuncture points for CIPN. Neuropathic symptoms and quality of life were assessed using the numeric rating scale (NRS) and the functional assessment of cancer therapy/Gynecologic Oncology Group neurotoxicity (FACT/GOG-NTX) score. Results: After 6 months of treatment, the patient showed a reduction in the severity of CIPN symptoms and an improvement in the quality of life, although the severity of symptoms fluctuated as the patient underwent chemotherapy sessions. Conclusion: This study suggests that warm needling may be an effective treatment for CIPN.