• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.331-342
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• 2012

본 연구는 먹이식물과 흡밀식물의 수 그리고 식생이 나비의 개체수 및 다양성에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 2008-09년까지 충북 보은군 속리산 법주사 지역을 4개 구간으로 나누어 모니터링을 실시하였으며 이를 단순회귀분석 및 다중회귀분석하였다. 그 결과 나비 개체수와 식물종수, 흡밀식물 그리고 먹이식물 수를 다중회귀분석 한 결과에서 상관관계를 보였으며, 서식지 면적이 클수록 개체수는 많아지는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 단순회귀 분석 시 나비의 종수와 다양도지수는 먹이식물 수 및 구간면적과 각각 낮은 상관관계를 나타냈다. 또한 보다 다양한 식생을 보이는 구간에서 나비 종수가 증가하였다. 나비의 다양성과 개체군 보전을 위해서는 다양한 수종의 식물과 함께 나비의 먹이식물과 흡밀식물이 복합적으로 분포하고, 식생은 각각의 요소들이 서로 보완관계를 유지할 수 있도록 다른 형태로 존재하는 것이 필요함을 시사한다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.163-167
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• 2006

Reverse-Phase High-performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) based technique is one of the most sensitive techniques to detect the antibiotics present in honey. In the southern part of Tamilnadu, India, majority of the farmlands are occupied by plantations such as coconut, banana and rubber. A variety of antimicrobial compounds and antibiotics, which have been reported in pollen, nectar and other floral parts of the plant, gets accumulated in honey through honeybees (Apis mellifera). We have collected the nectar samples from banana (Musa paridasiaca) and rubber (Ficus elastica) flowers and the honey from honey hives of banana and rubber cultivated areas. The extracted nectar and honey samples are subjected to RP-HPLC analysis with authentic antibiotic standards. Nectar and honey samples showed 4-17, 11-29 ${\mu}g/kg$ of streptomycin, 2-29, 3-44 ${\mu}g/kg$ of ampicillin and 17-34, 26-48 ${\mu}g/kg$ of kanamycin respectively.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.305-312
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• 2021

Background: Butterflies make an important part for plant-pollinator guild. These are nectar feeder or occasionally pollen feeder and thus proboscis of the butterfly species are considered as one of the most important variable in relation to the collection of food from plants. In butterfly-plant association, nectar source is principally determined by quality of nectar, corolla length, and nectar quantity. For the butterfly, nectar uptake is determined by proboscis length because flowers with long corolla restrict butterfly species containing shorter proboscis. Empirical studies proved that butterfly species with high wing loading visit clustered flowers and species with low wing loading confined their visit to solitary or less nectar rich flowers. The present study tries to investigate the flower preference of butterfly species from Lycaenidae family having very short proboscis, lower body length, lower body weight and wing span than the most species belonging from Nymphalidae, Pieridae, Papilionidae, and Hesperiidae. Results: Butterflies with shorter proboscis cannot access nectar from deeper flower. Although they mainly visit on less deeper flower to sucking nectar, butterflies with high wing loading visits clustered flowers to fulfill their energy requirements. In this study, we demonstrated flower choice of seven butterfly species belonging to Lycanidiae family. The proboscis length maintains a positive relationship with body length and body weight. Body length maintains a positive relationship with body weight and wing span. Wing span indicate a strong positive relationship with body weight. This study proved that these seven butterfly species namely Castalius rosimon (CRN), Taracus nara (TNA), Zizinia otis (ZOT), Zizula hylax (ZHY), Jamides celeno (JCE), Chilades laius (CLA), and Psuedozizeeria maha (PMA) visit frequently in Tridax procumbens (TPR), Ocimum americanum (OAM) and Syndrella nodiflora (SNO). The species do not visit Lantana camara (LCA) and Catharanthus roseus (CRO) plants. Conclusion: The present study proved that butterfly species visits frequently in Tridax procumbens (TPR), Ocimum americanum (OAM) but less frequently in Syndrella nodiflora (SNO). So, that study determined the butterfly species helps in pollination of these herbs that in turn helps the conservation of these butterfly species.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.143-153
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• 1992

한국산 왕벚나무(Prunus yedoensis Matsumura) 화외밀선의 미세구조 및 당액 분비기작을 규명하기 위하여 광학현미경, 주사형 및 투과형 전자현미경을 이용하여 관찰하였다. 밀선은 secretory layer와 subsecretory layer로 구성되어 있었으며 엽병의 유관속은 subsecretory layer에 있는 유관속과 연결되어 있었다. Secretory cell에서는 cristae가 잘 발달되지 않은 다수의 mitochonidria가 관찰되었으나 소포체는 소수 나타났고 골지체가 전혀 관찰되지 않았다. 색소체는 thylakoid가 거의 발달되지 않았으며, 소수가 관찰되었고 $0.2-0.3\;\mu\textrm{m}$ 크기의 소포를 특징적으로 갖고 있었다. subsecretory cell에서는 원형질 연락사가 잘 발달해 있었고 다수의 Calcium oxalate 결정이 관찰되었는데 이는 당투과에 간접적으로 관여하는 것 같다. 당액 전구물질은 사부에서 subsecretory layer를 거쳐 secretory layer까지 이동하는 것을 원형질 연락사를 통한 symplastic transport에 의하여 일어나는 것으로 생각되며 secretory layer에서 당액으로 재합성되어 외부로 배출되는 것 같다. Secertory cell의 맨 바깥쪽 세포벽은 cuticle 에 의하여 덮여 있었으며 secretory cell에서 당액은 원형질막, 세포벽, cuticle을 차례로 통과하는 누출상 분비(eccrine secretion)에 의하여 분비되는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제109권4호
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• pp.512-520
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• 2020

본 연구는 유망 밀원수종인 이나무를 대상으로 객관적인 밀원가치를 평가하기 위해 화밀분비량, 유리당 및 유리아미노산 함량을 분석하였다. 이나무는 암수딴그루로 수꽃이 암꽃보다 약 4일정도 빨리 개화하였고, 개화시기는 5월 14일부터 5월 30일까지 약 17일간 개화하는 것으로 조사되었다. 화밀분비 패턴을 조사한 결과 수꽃은 개화 3일차에 5.0 ± 2.5μL로 가장 높았고, 암꽃은 개화 2일차에 1.1 ± 0.4 μL로 가장 많이 분비되었다. 개화기간 동안 분비된 총 화밀량은 수꽃 9.7 ± 2.9 μL, 암꽃 1.7 ± 0.5 μL로 조사되었으며, 건조화밀량은 수꽃 2.2 ± 0.6 μL, 암꽃 0.8 ± 0.3 μL을 나타내어 암수 간 유의한 차이가 인정되었다. 화밀 내 유리당 함량은 수꽃 54.6 ± 15.4 ㎍/μL, 암꽃 20.5 ± 4.9 ㎍/μL으로 조사되었으며, 꽃 하나당 당 함량을 산출한 결과 수꽃 170.7 ± 15.4 ㎍, 암꽃 24.9 ± 5.5 ㎍으로 수꽃이 더 높음을 알 수 있었다. 아미노산 함량을 분석한 결과 수꽃은 19개 아미노산에서 20.4 ± 3.9 mg/L, 암꽃은 11개 아미노산에서 3.2 ± 0.1 mg/L가 검출되었으며, 수꽃의 경우 glutamine, asparagine, proline 순으로 높게 나타난 반면, 암꽃 화밀에서는 asparagine, glutamic acid, glutamine 순으로 높게 조사되어 차이를 나타냈다. 이나무는 주요 밀원수종인 아까시나무의 개화 종료 후에 개화하고, 개화기간이 길며, 화밀 분비량과 화밀 내 유리당 및 아미노산 함량 등 화밀 특성을 고려할 때 밀원수종으로서 활용 가능한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.35-53
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• 2017

This study analyzed the relationship between butterflies and plants. We examined 8 butterfly greenhouse. Butterflies are 5 families, 22 species found in 8 locations. Papilio xuthus, Pieris rapae, Papilio bianor etc. was expected to be introduced in the garden. Plants were identified in the 8 greenhouse with a total 249 taxa to 82 families 186 gunus 224 species 23 variety 2 forma. The main planting species were Compositae, Liliaceae, Rosaceae, Umbelliferae, Crassulaceae, Rutaceae and Etc. A main life forms are Hemicryptophytes. The naturalized plants have been identified 7 families 11 species. And planting in the garden, we propose appropriate management. Host plant is confirmed Rutaceae, Umbelliferae Leguminosae, Cruciferae, Ulmaceae, Aristolochiaceae Etc.. Main nectar plant is Compositae, Liliaceae, Rosaceae, Crassulaceae, Labiatae. Nectar plant is proposed to be planted in consideration of the flowering period. Zanthoxylum piperitum, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Phellodendron amurense, Poncirus trifoliata, Citrus junos, Ruta graveolens proposed design reflects the woody. Spiraea(Rosaceae) and Rhododendron(Ericaceae) proposed by Nectar plants of woody. We hope to be utilized in the planning and construction of a butterfly garden.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.107-127
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• 1984

An anthecological study of Tilia in Korea was undertaken for six native and one introduced species. Flowers are protoandrous with anther and stigma opening during the day-time in section(sect) Anastraea and the night-time in sect Astrophilyra. Nectar production was coincided with anther and stigma opening. It is revealed that the primary role of floral bracts was attracting pollinators especially in sect Astrophilyra. The peak of stamen and stigma function, and the production of nectar and odor were closely related with pollinator attraction. Forthy-three species of insects in 30 families were identified for the pollination studies; bees were the most commonly observed visitors in sect Anastraea, while moths were the primary visitors in sect Astrophilyra. Pollination study indicate that it is section specific. But within a section, pollination is not species specific thus interspecific hybridization occurs.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.207-213
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• 2022

An effective pollinator was investigated based on visiting insects to confirm the pollination mechanism of Impatiens furcillata Hemsl. (cheo-jin-mul-bong-seon), an annual herb that is also a species endemic to Korea that has hardly been studied in relation to pollination ecology. The insects that visited the group of I. furcillata studied here consisted of four orders, 11 families, and 16 species; Hymenoptera had seven species (43.8%), Lepidoptera had four (25.0%), Diptera four (25.0%), and Hemiptera one (6.2%). Visiting insects were divided into those that took only nectar, those that took nectar and pollen, and those that took neither. Insects that are effective for pollination are judged considering the length and body type of their mouth parts, and Amegilla florea Smith (huin-jul-beol) is judged to be the most effective pollinator in the survey area. As a result of observing pollination behavior, when visiting a flower, A. florea, which extended its glossa, approached the front, landed on a wing petal of I. furcillata, crawled into the flower tube, and then backed up and reversed its steps, with pollen adhered to its back. The findings here present basic information about species biology related to both I. furcillata and A. florea.

• 환경생물
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.256-261
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• 2015

본 연구는 능소화를 대상으로 화분형태 및 RAW264.7 대식세포에서의 세포생존에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 유해성 여부를 파악하고자 한다. 주사전자현미경을 이용한 화분 형태를 확인해 본 결과, 화분립 형태는 장구형이고 발아구의 형태는 3공구형이며 화분 표벽 (extine)은 망상의 형태이고 외부로 돌출된 돌기는 관찰되지 않았다. 능소화 70% MeOH 부위별 (꽃, 잎, 줄기) 추출물 및 화밀을 24, 48시간 동안 농도별 (10, 20, 50, $100{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$)로 RAW264.7 대식세포에 처리한 후 MTT assay로 측정하였다. 그 결과, 능소화 추출물 및 화밀을 농도별로 24시간 처리하였을 때 모든 농도에서 99.0% 이상의 세포생존율을 보여 세포독성은 나타나지 않았다. 48시간 처리하였을 때 꽃, 잎, 줄기 추출물은 $50{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$농도 이하에서 세포독성은 나타나지 않았으나, 화밀의 경우 저농도인 $10{\mu}g\;mL^{-1}$부터 농도의존적으로 세포독성이 높아지는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1385-1394
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• 2014

Metcalfa pruinosa was considered to be a very harmful invasive species, due to its high species density in nature and wide range of its host plants. M. pruinosa was distributed in 28 sites among 143 sites. M. pruinosa has wide range and diverse host plants of 52 families 110 species including crop, fruits and forest trees. At present, the identified host plant of M. pruinosa are composed of 62 families and 145 species in total since their first appearance was reported. M. pruinosa was found in roadside 46.7%, followed by forests 33.3% and orchard 20%. Nymphs and adults cause damage to crop and orchard by sucking juice, outbreak of fungi through secretion of wax, and reduction of plant assimilation due to the nectar of nymphs. Also, it reduces the merchantable quality of fruits and thus causes economic damage. It is judged that M. pruinosa has been moved along major road via the traffic vehicles.