• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2023

Background: In modern society, the use of computers accounts for a large proportion of our daily lives. Although substantial research is being actively conducted on musculoskeletal diseases resulting from computer use, there has been a recent surge in interest in improving the working environment for prevention. Objects: This study aimed to examine the effects of posture correction feedback (PCF) on changes in neck posture and muscle activation during computer typing. Methods: The participants performed a computer typing task in two sessions, each lasting 16 minutes. The participant's dominant side was photographed and analyzed using ImageJ software to verify neck posture. Surface electromyography (EMG) was used to confirm the participant's cervical erector spinae (CES) and upper trapezius muscle activities. The EMG signal was analyzed using the percentage of reference voluntary contraction and amplitude probability distribution function (APDF). In the second session, visual and auditory feedback for posture correction was provided if the neck was flexed by more than 15° in the initial position during computer typing. A 20-minute rest period was provided between the two sessions. Results: The neck angle (p = 0.014), CES muscle activity (p = 0.008), and APDF (p = 0.015) showed significant differences depending on the presence of the PCF. Furthermore, significant differences were observed regarding the CES muscle activity (p = 0.001) and APDF (p = 0.002) over time. Conclusion: Our study showed that the feedback system can correct poor posture and reduces unnecessary muscle activation during computer work. The improved neck posture and reduced CES muscle activity observed in this study suggest that neck pain can be prevented. Based on these results, we suggest that the PCF system can be used to prevent neck pain.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.767-776
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to classify side somatotypes of the trunk by analysing photographic data. Then their distribution according to the age groups was studied. The subjects were 315 females of 18 to 49 year-old. Thirty one photographic measurements were taken to each subject. The factors affecting the side somatotype of the trunk were obtained by principal component analysis, vertical size, posterior/anterior depth and neck posture. The side somatotypes of the trunk were classified into 4 types and their differences were shown by analysing photographic data. The side silhouettes of 4 types were compared with balanced type. By suggesting the canonical discriminant function with the unstandardized canonical coefficient, individual somatotype of the trunk could be discriminated from the photographic data of anterior neck height, anterior waist height, posterior waist depth, buttock height, and anterior depth at the level of back protrusion. The frequency distribution of the side somatotypes of the trunk according to the age groups could be applied for clothing construction and the rate of clothing production.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2005.10b
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• pp.379-381
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• 2005

Urodynamics describes a collection of tests designed to evaluate lower urinary tract function and can be performed using retrograde filling of the bladder within a room. In this study, we designed and calibrated the potable urodynamics monitoring system using DSP chip (TMS320VC33, Texas InstrumentTM, U.S.) and obtained signals of bladder(Pves) and bladder neck pressure(Pneck) and EMG using calibration kit (DPT9022K0122, MedtronicsTM, U.s,). This system monitor spontaneous urination during daily life and can make patients more comportable.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.4C
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• pp.365-370
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• 2002

In this paper external image multi-processing digital signal the transmit is the possibility of doing system with the PCI the design. The bottle-neck which it follows in transmission ratio limit of the CPU and the circumference machineries and tools against the image data which with the improve one thing becomes the processing with the real-time efficiently the transmit and the control is the possibility of doing structure the proposed. The also with the resource amount used 13% reduced which PCI fast data transfer and DMA function. The designed is operation verification against the function and the timing which use Max+plus II.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.127-131
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to report a case of Rhabdomyolysis that occurred after shock related to overworking, presenting myalgia(especially in the neck), muscular weakness, and dark urine. Methods : A patient diagnosed with Rhabdomyolysis received Korean medical treatment from November $17_{th}$ to $24_{th}$. Clinical improvement was evaluated using a numerical rating scale(NRS), neck disability index(NDI), and laboratory tests which included complete blood count, kidney function, liver function, serum eletrolytes and Creatinine kinase(CK). Results : After treatment, myalgia, muscular weakness and dark urine each improved. Laboratory results, including CK, had decreased to within normal range. Conclusions : Korean medical treatment could be effective for Rhabdomyolysis patients. Further extensive studies should be carried out.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1996 no.11
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• pp.37-39
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• 1996

For the laryngeal function assessment, we developed a measurement system of speech sound and air flow rate. The speech sound was transduced with a standard omnidirectional condenser microphone and orally emitted air flow was measured with pneumotachometer using differential pressure transducer.

• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.61 no.11
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• pp.580-587
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• 2018

Background and Objectives We evaluated the clinical characteristics and vestibular function of patients with direction changing vibration induced nystagmus (DC VIN) and unilateral vestibular hypofunction and suggest clinical implication and a proposed mechanism of DC VIN. Subjects and Method The records of 315 patients who underwent the VIN test were reviewed retrospectively. Among these, 18 patients (5.7%) showed DC VIN, and out of whom, 15 patients (4.8%) were diagnosed as unilateral vestibular hypofunction by caloric, rotation chair (RCT), and video head impulse test (vHIT). We analyzed the relationship between DC VIN and the dizziness characteristics, duration of disease, and the outcome of the vestibular function test. Results The mean age of 15 patients was $67.4{\pm}10.7years$ and the mean duration of dizziness was $13.6{\pm}29.7months$. The caloric test revealed 25% of the patients to have significant canal paresis [Caloric vestibular neuritis (VN)], while 75% showed normal caloric response. However, unilateral vestibular hypofunction was observed by abnormal results in RCT or vHIT (Non-caloric VN). Seven patients showed ipsilateral DC VIN (nystagmus to vibrated side) and eight patients contralateral DC VIN (nystagmus to opposite side of vibration). Patients with ipsilateral DC VIN were shown to have a significant longer duration of dizziness than those with contralateral DC VIN. Conclusion Although rare, DC VIN can also be found in patients with unilateral vestibular hypofunction. Patients with DC VIN had a mild vestibular asymmetry with Non-caloric VN or Caloric VN in the process of compensation. The mechanism of ipsilateral DC VIN seems to be due to the small amount of vestibular asymmetry, which is smaller than the interaural attenuation of vibration.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.99-109
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to analysis the relationship between hours of smartphone use and neck pain in university students. Methods : A survey of 2,353 university students was conducted in Gyeonggi province and Incheon city using a self report questionnaire from April 1 to 11 2013. The questionnaire of questions regarding the hours of using smartphone, mainly used function in participant's smartphone and neck discomfort degree. Neck disability index(NDI) was used to evaluate degree of pain. The collected data were analyzed with the t-test and Kendall's tau test using the SPSS 21.0 program and R 3.1.0, respectively. Results : 1. Almost all of the survey participants(99.07 %) were smartphone users. 66.97 % of them answered that they use their smartphone daily more than 2 hours and 48.18 % of them answered that they use their smartphone 10 to 30 minutes everytime they use it. 2. The overall distribution of NDI scores was 'no disability(0~4 score, 62.92 %)', 'mild disability(5~14 score, 32.85 %)', 'moderate disability(15~24 score, 1.19 %)'. As a result of t-test, we found that the average NDI score for female students was significantly higher than the average NDI score for male students(p<0.05). 3. The Kendall's tau test revealed that total time spent daily using smartphones has a strong positive correlation with 'pain intensity', 'lifting', 'reading' 'headache', 'concentration', and 'driving'(p<0.05) in NDI. Also, time duration of one time smartphone usage has a strong positive correlation with 'pain intensity', 'lifting', 'reading', 'headache', 'concentration', 'work', and 'recreation'(p<0.05). 4. The Kendall's tau test revealed that total NDI scores have a significantly strong positive correlation with both of total time spent daily using smartphones(p<0.05) and time duration for one time smartphone usage(p<0.05). This results imply that long-time use of smartphone has a strong relationship with neck pain. Conclusions : The results of the study would be a good starting point for future studies to reduce the risks of chronic neck pain caused by smartphone usage.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-157
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of using smartphones for tele-rehabilitation on head position and neck dysfunction in workers with visual display terminal (VDT) syndromes over a four-week period. Methods: Sixteen VDT workers volunteered to participate in stretch exercise and posture education sessions. The subjects were divided into three groups as follows: five subjects in the visit group (VSG), six subjects in the video group (VEG), and five subjects in tele-rehabilitation group (TG). The subjects in all the groups performed the exercises three days per week for four weeks. Cranial rotation angle (CRA), craniovertebral angle (CVA) measurement, and neck disability index (NDI) tests were performed before and four weeks after the intervention. Results: No significant difference in the CRA and CVA variables was found among groups. No significant difference in the CRA variable was found within each group. A significant difference in the CRA variable was found in the VSG after the four-week intervention. No significant difference in NDI was found among the groups. The NDIs among all the groups were significantly decreased after the intervention when compared with the NDIs measured before the intervention. Conclusion: The use of smartphones in the tele-rehabilitation of VDT workers with neck pain was found to be as effective on neck function as the conventional intervention method. The tele-rehabilitation of VDT workers with neck dysfunctions may be presented as an alternative way.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.201-205
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• 1996

Early detection of glottic cancer, facilitated by rigid telescopes or flexible fiberoptic laryngoscope in addition to sparse true vocal cord lymphatics, makes this a highly curable tumor in its early stage. Early glottic cancer has a high cure rate with only radiotherapy or conservative surgery. However complications such as mucositis with radiotherapy and voice complications with conservative surgery has raised recent interest in endolaryngeal laser cordectomy. Laser cordectomy can preserve phonatory function and avoid the complications such as mucositis of radiotherapy. To determine the effectiveness of laser cordectomy, the authors made a two year retrospective study of 23 early glottic cancer cases. Fourteen cases(60.9%) who underwent 1 to 3 endoscopic laser cordectomy with KTP-532 laser were cured with this procedure alone. Seven cases needed an additional radiotherapy and three cases needed therapy with salvage operation. We conclude that the endoscopic laser surgery is a good strategy for the properly selected glottic cancer.